2,933 research outputs found
The effect of hip and knee arthroplasty on oral anti-inflammatory use and the relationship to body mass index: results from the UK general practice research database
No full textObjective: To determine the use of oral anti-inflammatory drugs in the year before and the 2 years after primary total hip (THR) or knee (TKR) replacement, and whether this varies according to Body mass Index (BMI).Design: 28,068 THR’s and 24,364 TKR’s, with five matched controls per case were identified from the General Practitioner Research Database. Anti-inflammatory usage was categorized into “zero coverage” – no prescribed anti-inflammatory medication and “>80% coverage” – prescribed anti-inflammatory medication for greater than 80% of the days in the year. Secondary subset analysis was performed according to BMI.Results: 1 year post-surgery the proportion of cases on >80% coverage reduced from 21% (95%confidence interval (CI): 20–22%) to 8% (95%CI: 7–10%) for THR and 21% (95%CI: 20–22%) to 13% (95%CI: 11–14%) for TKR, with no ongoing reduction at 2 years. Zero coverage increased at one and both time points. The proportion of THR’s on >80% coverage increased with BMI pre-op. The magnitude in reduction post-op was similar across all BMI groups. The proportion of TKR’s on >80% coverage pre-op was greatest in extreme BMI categories. The magnitude in reduction post-op was similar across all BMI groups.Conclusion: THR/TKR’s reduce the need for anti-inflammatory medication with most benefit observed in the first post-operative year. Increasing BMI affects anti-inflammatory use both in the general population and those undergoing THR/TKR surgery but without strong evidence of a detrimental effect on the benefits of pain relief.<br/
Assessing exercise intensity in cardiac rehabilitation: the use of a Polar heart rate monitor
No full textObjective: To assess the accuracy of a Polar heart rate monitor in measuring heart rate in exercising cardiac rehabilitation patients. Design: Simultaneous heart rate recordings comparing results from the Polar monitor with those from Holter monitoring and intermittent pulse rate as measured by radial artery palpation. Setting: Exercise sessions in a community-based cardiac rehabilitation centre. Patients: Twenty phase III cardiac rehabilitation patients recovering from an acute cardiac event. Main outcome measures: Comparison of heart rates recorded by the two systems and by pulse rate measurement. Results: The Polar monitor gave results very similar to those from Holter monitoring. Intermittent pulse rate measurement gave a limited and less accurate view of the intensity of the exercise session. Conclusion: The Polar heart rate monitor gives accurate readings during cardiac rehabilitation exercise sessions at low cost. It is a useful tool which allows assessment of exercise intensity which is not available from intermittent radial pulse rate measurement.<br/
Temporal trends in hip and knee replacement in the United Kingdom 1991 to 2006
No full textUsing the General Practice Research Database, we examined the temporal changes in the rates of primary total hip (THR) and total knee (TKR) replacement, the age at operation and the female-to-male ratio between 1991 and 2006 in the United Kingdom.We identified 27 113 patients with THR and 23 843 with TKR. The rate of performance of THR and TKR had increased significantly (p < 0.0001 for both) during the 16-year period and was greater for TKR, especially in the last five years. The mean age at operation was greater for women than for men and had remained stable throughout the period of study. The female-to-male ratio was higher for THR and TKR and had remained stable. The data support the notion that the rate of joint replacement is increasing in the UnitedKingdom with the rate of TKR rising at the highest rate. The perception that the mean age for TKR has decreased over time is not supported
Rapporteur’s report – innovative geotechnologies for energy transition
No full textThe 9th Society for Underwater Technology (SUT) International Conference on Offshore Site Investigation and Geotechnics (OSIG) closed with a Rapporteur’s report given by the author. This paper provides a record of that report, transcribed from a video recording. The presentation slides are shown as Figures.</p
Houghton, J. T., Meira Filho, L.G., Callander, B. A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A. & Maskell, K. (eds). — Climate change 1995. The Science of Climate change. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, New York & Melbourne. 1996.Watson, R. T., Zinyowera, M.C., Moss, R. H. & Dokken, D.J. (eds). — Climate change 1995. Impacts, adaptations and mitigation of climate change : Scientific-technical analyses. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, New York & Melbourne. 1996.Bruce, J. R, Lee, H. & Haïtes, E.F. (eds). — Climate change 1995. Economie and social dimensions of climate change. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, New York & Melbourne. 1996
No full textTranier Michel. Houghton, J. T., Meira Filho, L.G., Callander, B. A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A. & Maskell, K. (eds). — Climate change 1995. The Science of Climate change. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, New York & Melbourne. 1996.Watson, R. T., Zinyowera, M.C., Moss, R. H. & Dokken, D.J. (eds). — Climate change 1995. Impacts, adaptations and mitigation of climate change : Scientific-technical analyses. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, New York & Melbourne. 1996.Bruce, J. R, Lee, H. & Haïtes, E.F. (eds). — Climate change 1995. Economie and social dimensions of climate change. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, New York & Melbourne. 1996. In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 51, n°4, 1996. pp. 406-407
DEFRApH - Sample collection and handling procedures
No full textAll chemical and biogeochemical process in the sea are affected by the acidity of the water. Acidity is therefore fundamental property of seawater. The growing concern that the acidity of the oceans might be increasing has revealed weaknesses in our knowledge of this fundamental property and its variation in space and time. In 2008 the DEFRApH project (DEFRA contract ME4133) was initiated to provide this missing information in UK related waters. It required sampling for and analysis of the total inorganic carbon and total alkalinity content of samples. This reports documents the procedures sued for sampling. A companion document Hartman Dumousseaud and Roberts (NOC Internal Document No. 01) describes in detail the analytical procedures used and the calculation of the results
Mortality in Wegener's granulomatosis: a bimodal pattern
No full textObjective. To characterize the long-term mortality in patients with WG compared with matched population-based controls. Methods. We used data from the General Practice Research Database, which contains the computerized records of 6.25 million patients and is representative of the population of the UK. We identified all subjects with a new diagnosis of WG in the period 1989–2004, and for each case, compared mortality with 10 controls matched for age, gender and practice. Results. We identified 255 patients with a new diagnosis of WG (mean age 58.1 years, range 9–90 years, 47% females) and 2546 controls (mean age 58.1 years, range 9–89 years, 47% females). Mean follow-up was 6.4 years. The mortality for patients with WG was significantly increased during the first year after diagnosis [HR 9.0 (95% CI 5.8, 13.9)], especially for those ?65 years of age [HR 19.9 (95% CI 8.8, 44.9)]. The excess mortality was less marked after the first year: 1–5 years [HR 1.68 (95% CI 1.08, 2.60)], 5–10 years [HR 2.41 (95% CI 1.43, 4.07)], but started to increase by 10–15 years [HR 4.4 (95% CI 2.0, 9.8)]. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed an increase in mortality after 8 years. Conclusions. Despite current therapy, patients with WG have a 9-fold increased risk of death in the first year of disease, attributed to infection, active vasculitis and renal failure. Between 1 and 8 years the risk is at its lowest, although higher than the control population. There is an increased mortality from 8 years onwards that remains unexplained. <br/
Author Correction:Prefrontal cortical ChAT-VIP interneurons provide local excitation by cholinergic synaptic transmission and control attention (Nature Communications, (2019), 10, 1, (5280), 10.1038/s41467-019-13244-9)
No full textThe original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Wilma D.J. van de Berg, which was incorrectly given as Wilma D.J. van den Berg. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.</p
Sunitinib treatment exacerbates intratumoral heterogeneity in metastatic renal cancer
No full textThis work was supported by the Chief Scientist Office, Scotland (ETM37; to G.D. Stewart, A.C.P. Riddick, M. Aitchison, and D.J. Harrison), Cancer Research UK (Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre; to T. Powles, London and D.J. Harrison, Edinburgh), Medical Research Council (to A. Laird and D.J. Harrison), Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (to A. Laird), Melville Trust (to A. Laird), Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12018/25; to I.M. Overton), Royal Society of Edinburgh Scottish Government Fellowship cofunded by Marie Curie Actions (to I.M. Overton), Renal Cancer Research Fund (to G.D. Stewart), Kidney Cancer Scotland (to G.D. Stewart) and an educational grant from Pfizer (to T. Powles).Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of VEGF targeted therapy (sunitinib) on molecular intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) in metastatic clear cell renal cancer (mccRCC). Experimental design: Multiple tumor samples (n=187 samples) were taken from the primary renal tumors of mccRCC patients who were sunitinib treated (n=23, SuMR clinical trial) or untreated (n=23, SCOTRRCC study). ITH of pathological grade, DNA (aCGH), mRNA (Illumina Beadarray) and candidate proteins (reverse phase protein array) were evaluated using unsupervised and supervised analyses (driver mutations, hypoxia and stromal related genes). ITH was analysed using intratumoral protein variance distributions and distribution of individual patient aCGH and gene expression clustering. Results: Tumor grade heterogeneity was greater in treated compared to untreated tumors (P=0.002). In unsupervised analysis, sunitinib therapy was not associated with increased ITH in DNA or mRNA. However, there was an increase in ITH for the driver mutation gene signature (DNA and mRNA) as well as increasing variability of protein expression with treatment (p<0.05). Despite this variability, significant chromosomal and transcript changes to key targets of sunitinib, such as VHL, PBRM1 and CAIX, occurred in the treated samples. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sunitinib treatment has significant effects on the expression and ITH of key tumor and treatment specific genes/proteins in mccRCC. The results, based on primary tumor analysis, do not support the hypothesis that resistant clones are selected and predominate following targeted therapy.Peer reviewe
Reply to the discussion by McCarron on “Modelling spatial variability in as-laid embedment for high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) pipeline design”
No full textN/AThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
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