3 research outputs found
Clinical and histological discrepancies in diagnosis of ENL reactions classified by assessment of acute phase proteins SAA and CRP1
No full textSixteen out of 45 (36%) leprosy patients with clinical features of acute erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) did not show the characteristic presence of neutrophils (polymorphs) in histology of the ENL lesion. The acute-phase reactants, serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) which are systemic markers of inflammation, and IgM and IgG antibody to Mycobacterium leprae were determined in these patients in order to understand the differences in histological diagnosis. Both SAA and CRP were elevated in ENL patients, irrespective of the presence of polymorph infiltrates, as compared to nonreactional lepromatous patients, patients with histologically confirmed reversal reactions and endemic controls, indicating that all clinically diagnosed ENL patients had ongoing inflammatory reactions. On the other hand, IgM and IgG antibodies were significantly lower (> 70%) in ENL patients as compared to nonreactional lepromatous patients. When the two ENL groups [ENL-PMN + ve (positive for neutrophils) and ENL-PMN -ve (negative for neutrophils)] were compared, there were no significant differences in the mean SAA, IgM or IgG antibody concentrations, but CRP was eightfold lower in ENL-PMN-ve as compared to the ENL-PMN+ve group. This may indicate that the timing or modulation of the reaction was different in the two ENL groups. Thus, measurement of the acute-phase response and the ratio of SAA/ CRP in particular are helpful in the clinical diagnosis of ENL reactions in leprosy.Peer reviewedfinal article publishe
XIV. Al-Quhaif al-'Uqaili his poetical remains collected and translated
No full textDuring the later periods of the Ornmayade Caliphate, with their continual rebellions and turmoil, the centre of Arab literary activity had moved entirely to the North, and we get only very few notices of poets who lived and flourished in the central provinces of Eastern Arabia, which in earlier days had produced many celebrated names. Among the poets of this period in Central Arabia the most prominent names are those of al-Quḥaif and Yazīd b. aṭ-Ṭathrlīyya, the latter being perhaps more famous through the elegy upon his death by his sister Zainab, of which verses have found a place in many anthologies. Al-Quṭaif is not mentioned by Ibn Qutaiba, Poësis, but the Kitāb al-Aghānī devotes four pages to his biography, and its author states that only few poems of his are preserved. He receives a short mention in the Fulmlat ash-Shu'arā’ of al-Aṣma'ī, where he is said to have made poems upon women, but that his verses were neither good Arabic nor suitable for being quoted as evidence for correct speech. Among the twenty-four fragments which follow there are only four which may be called poems upon women, while the remainder deal with the troubles in Central Arabia after the murder of the Caliph al-Walīd b. Yazid. As regards the statement that the verses of al-Quḥaif cannot be quoted as evidence for correct speech, the fragments preserved are too few to enable us to judge for ourselves, though I have endeavoured in the notes to several verses to point out deviations from customary usage.</jats:p
UNDERGROUD COAL GASIFICATION AND UTILIZATION OF SYNGAS IN VARIOUS FIELDS
Full text linkCoal is the most widely deposited fossil fuel on our planet. That is the reason why it plays a key role in the energy sector. Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a technique that is used in those areas where we cannot getcoal by mining. Those coal reserves having a water layer cannot be extracted by mining easily. So this technique is used where we convert coal in to gas called syngas. This is an atmosphere clean process to reduce 90% Sulphur and CO2in the air called green technology. Thar Desert (Pakistan) has world’s 2nd largest coal reserve of 175 billion ton. In this paper energy scarcity issue in Pakistan has been addressed with focus on thermal psychiatry of Thar coal reserves. The syngas can be utilized for power generation or as feedstock in the production of liquid fuels, fertilizers, or other chemical products.Main benefit for coal gasification in underground is the fact that it is a clean form of energy, because most pollutants remain underground
