1,722,019 research outputs found
Taxing international emissions trading
No full textWe investigate the efficiency and effectiveness consequences of emissions trading taxation. A theoretical partial equilibrium model is developed, showing that permits taxation distorts the equilibrium price and abatement efforts. Potentially counterintuitive conclusions concerning the tax revenue are also derived. A CGE model complements theoretical results, suggesting that the change in the equilibrium permits price brought about by taxation can be significant. Finally, we conclude that policy design based on cost effectiveness might lead to wrong conclusions: the socially desirable design of emissions trading taxation requires homogenous tax rates applied to net sellers and no rebate rates allowed for net buyers. © 2013 Elsevier B.V
Demand-pull and technology-push public support for eco-innovation: The case of the biofuels sector
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to explore the differentiated impact of demand-pull and technology-push policies in shaping technological patterns in the biofuels sector. The empirical analysis is based on a novel and original database (BioPat) containing patents in the field of biofuels selected using appropriate keywords and classified according to the technological content of the invention. Our results generally show that technological capabilities and environmental regulation spur innovative activities in the biofuels sector. Both demand-pull and technology-push factors are found to be important drivers of innovation in the biofuels sector. However, technology exploitation activities in first generation technologies are found to be mainly driven by quantity and price-based demand-pull policies. On the contrary, the pace of technology exploration efforts in advanced generation biofuels is shown to react positively to price-based demand-pull incentives but also to technology-push policy. The clear diversity in the impact of different public support instruments provides new insights which fuel discussion on the optimal policy mix debate and offers new elements for the design of future policy strategies. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Building a new version of GDyn-E ITA including renewable eletricity
Full text linkNella seconda metà del 2015, il network GTAP ha reso disponibile GTAP 9 Data Base, comprensivo anche dell’elettricità da fonti rinnovabili nel database satellite GTAP-Power. Questo lavoro è dedicato a documentare i primi tentativi nella costruzione di una nuova versione del modello GDyn-E ITA per l’utilizzo dell’elettricità da rinnovabili. Sono state testate due versioni alternative, riferendosi a una versione esistente e a scenari di policy sviluppati per il Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project al quale l’ENEA ha partecipato. Le alternative si differenziano per la funzione di produzione del settore industriale e nello specifico relativamente alla modellizzazione dei nest per l’uso dell’elettricità da rinnovabili. In entrambi i casi, i risultati delle due nuove versioni del modello GDyn-E ITA sembrano robusti.In the second half of 2015, the GTAP network released GTAP 9 Data Base, including also electricity generated by renewable sources in GTAP-Power satellite data. This work is aimed at documenting the first attempts in building up a new version of GDyn-E ITA o del including renewable electricity. Two alternative versions have been tested, by referring to an existing version and policy scenarios, developed for the Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project in which ENEA was involved. The alternatives differ in the industrial production function, and specifically relative to the modelisation of the nest using renewable electricity. In both cases, the results of the new versions of GDyn-E ITA model seem robust. When no difference is expected, results aligned with the existing version are obtained. By contrast, in other cases some reasonable differences are observed
Abductive Reasoning in Clinical Diagnostics
No full textIn this chapter, we look at the reasoning process called abduction as it happens in clinical reasoning, specifically, in diagnostics. Abduction is recognized as one of the most important forms of reasoning in studying relations between causes and effects, and often attributed to reasoning processes in scientific discoveries. Interestingly, abduction does not only play a role in scientific reasoning, but it is believed that people apply it in common everyday scenarios, for example, by detectives and judges. Yet there have been few attempts to document this form of reasoning in clinical interactions. Doctors apply abduction daily in their clinical practice, that is, in the attempt to diagnose their patients, and, as it will be seen, patients themselves use abductive reasoning to understand and explain their own symptoms. This chapter provides empirical evidence of the use of abductive inferential reasoning in clinical medicine, focusing on diagnosis as it happens in the moment of interaction between a doctor and their patient. The goal is not to document in a structured way the extent to which abductive inferential patterns appear in a typical doctor-patient interaction, but rather to illustrate that kind of interaction and mode of reasoning using real dialogues
How much do we Care about Air Quality Improvements? Evidence from Italian Households Data
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Is the Environment a Luxury? An Enquiry into the Relationship between Environment and Income
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