122 research outputs found
Associations between the clinical signs of chronic endometritis with ovarian cysts and body condition loss in German Holstein Friesian cows
No full textThe objective of this retrospective field study was to associate the type and smell of discharge, the size of the uterus, the ovarian and treatment status, and the time to diagnosis of animals with chronic clinical endometritis (CCE) with the incidence of ovarian cysts and with a marked loss in body condition in German Holstein Friesian cows. Two hundred and sixty-four cows diagnosed with CCE from day 14 to day 42 postpartum participated in this study. In addition, 100 days milk production and the parity of the animals were included in the analysis. With the use of logistic regression, a purulent vaginal discharge (>= 50% pus), the decision not to treat the animals for CCE and a high 100 days milk production proved to be significant factors for the incidence of ovarian cysts. Additionally, the type of discharge showed interactions with the parity and the smell of the discharge, as more animals with fetid and purulent discharge and more animals in the first lactation with a purulent discharge developed ovarian cysts. A high milk production and the parity showed associations with an excessive body condition score loss. Additionally, more animals with a diagnosis of an oversized uterus in comparison to cows with an early involution experienced a considerable reduction in their nutritional condition
Comparison of Commercial ELISA Blood Tests for Early Pregnancy Detection in Dairy Cows
No full textThe objective of the present study was to compare two commercially available blood-based pregnancy tests, namely BioPRYN, an ELISA for pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB), and an ELISA for pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG), for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle using transrectal ultrasonography as a gold standard. Transrectal ultrasonography was conducted 26-58 days after artificial insemination (AI) in 197 cattle from 19 farms. Concurrently, a blood sample was collected for determination of serum PSPB and PAG. Transrectal palpation was performed approximately 120 days after Alto verify that pregnancy was maintained. For PSPB and PAG, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in sensitivity (98.0 and 97.8%), specificity (97.1 and 91.2%), positive predictive values (99.3 and 97.8%), negative predictive values (91.9 and 91.2%) and accuracy (97.8 and 96.4%). In conclusion, the two blood pregnancy assays were equally efficacious and were highly accurate (based on transrectal ultrasonography as the gold standard)
Comparison of Commercial ELISA Blood Tests for Early Pregnancy Detection in Dairy Cows
No full textThe objective of the present study was to compare two commercially available blood-based pregnancy tests, namely BioPRYN, an ELISA for pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB), and an ELISA for pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG), for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle using transrectal ultrasonography as a gold standard. Transrectal ultrasonography was conducted 26-58 days after artificial insemination (AI) in 197 cattle from 19 farms. Concurrently, a blood sample was collected for determination of serum PSPB and PAG. Transrectal palpation was performed approximately 120 days after Alto verify that pregnancy was maintained. For PSPB and PAG, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in sensitivity (98.0 and 97.8%), specificity (97.1 and 91.2%), positive predictive values (99.3 and 97.8%), negative predictive values (91.9 and 91.2%) and accuracy (97.8 and 96.4%). In conclusion, the two blood pregnancy assays were equally efficacious and were highly accurate (based on transrectal ultrasonography as the gold standard)
Placental separation in cattle: Arachidonic acid metabolites, steroids and leukocyte function
No full textU of I OnlyIn the following investigation, in vivo and in vitro arachidonic acid (AA) and steroid metabolism as well as function of circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) during the last month of pregnancy in cows, and possible interrelationships between those three parameters, were studied. Concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F\sb{1\alpha} (6-keto-PGF\sb{1\alpha}), prostaglandin F\sb{2\alpha}, (PGF\sb{2\alpha}) and prostaglandin E\sb2 (PGE\sb2) in carotid artery blood increased throughout the last month of pregnancy. Concentrations of 6-keto-PGF\sb{1\alpha} and PGE\sb2 were higher in uterine vein than in carotid artery blood, a fact which was also observed as a trend for PGF\sb{2\alpha}, thromboxane B\sb2 and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE). Metabolism of AA by fetal placental tissue in vitro was markedly increased as pregnancy progressed. The major metabolites synthesized were: 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE\sb2, PGE\sb2, 12-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoic acid and 15-HETE. Fetal placental tissue in vitro also produced estrogens in increasing amounts throughout the experimental period. The application of 5 mg dexamethasone to the dam on Day 255 of gestation did not affect placental estrogen synthesis in vitro. In contrast, cortisol applied in vitro stimulated estrogen synthesis in a dose-dependent manner, probably by stimulating enzymes involved in the 5 steroidogenic pathway which turned out to be the major placental estrogenic pathway in cows. Iodination of proteins and cytochrome C reduction by PMN, both measures of the oxygen-dependent antimicrobial system, were decreased at parturition, whereas ingestion capacity was stimulated at parturition. Fetal placental tissue and uterine wall tissue extracts attracted PMN, whereas skeletal muscle extracts were without effect. Five eicosanoids (PGF\sb{2\alpha}, leukotriene B\sb4, 5- and 15-HETE, and lipoxin B\sb4), and estrogens were chemoattractant. Prostacyclin inhibited iodination of proteins, whereas PGF\sb{2\alpha} stimulated ingestion capacity of PMN. Conditioned media from cultured fetal placental tissue attracted PMN, stimulated chemotaxis, and inhibited iodination of proteins, cytochrome C reduction and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. It is concluded that substances produced within the uterine compartment (prostacyclin, PGF\sb{2\alpha}) and by the placenta (15-HETE, estrogens) might be associated with the chemoattractant properties of fetal placental tissue and uterine tissues, and the changes in PMN function observed at the end of pregnancy. The latter might render the animal more susceptible to bacterial infections in the periparturient period.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T11:52:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Bedeutung von Clostridium botulinum bei chronischem Krankheitsgeschehen und Teilprojekt: Mikrobiologisches Risikopotenzial von Biogasanlagen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Hühnertrockenkot als Gärsubstrat: Abschlussbericht
No full textLaufzeit: 01.01.2012 bis 31.05.2014
Berichtszeitraum: 01.01.2012 bis 31.05.2014
Projektträger: Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung, BLE
Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, BMEL
Zuwendungsempfänger: Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
Zusammenarbeit mit anderen Stellen:
Dr. Christian Seyboldt
Institut für bakterielle Infektionen und Zoonosen
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut
Naumburger Str. 96 a
07743 Jena
Projektkoordinatorin: Prof. Dr. med. vet. Martina Hoedemaker, Ph.D.
Arbeitsbereich Bestandstiermedizin
Klinik für Rinder
Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
Bischofsholer Damm 15
30173 Hannove
Loss of Cx43 in Murine Sertoli Cells Leads to Altered Prepubertal Sertoli Cell Maturation and Impairment of the Mitosis-Meiosis Switch
No full textMale factor infertility is a problem in today's society but many underlying causes are still unknown. The generation of a conditional Sertoli cell (SC)-specific connexin 43 (Cx43) knockout mouse line (SCCx43KO) has provided a translational model. Expression of the gap junction protein Cx43 between adjacent SCs as well as between SCs and germ cells (GCs) is known to be essential for the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis in different species and men. Adult SCCx43KO males show altered spermatogenesis and are infertile. Thus, the present study aims to identify molecular mechanisms leading to testicular alterations in prepubertal SCCx43KO mice. Transcriptome analysis of 8-, 10- and 12-day-old mice was performed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Additionally, candidate genes were examined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. NGS revealed many significantly differentially expressed genes in the SCCx43KO mice. For example, GCspecific genes were mostly downregulated and found to be involved in meiosis and spermatogonial differentiation (e.g., Dmrtb1, Sohlh1). In contrast, SC-specific genes implicated in SC maturation and proliferation were mostly upregulated (e.g., Amh, Fshr). In conclusion, Cx43 in SCs appears to be required for normal progression of the first wave of spermatogenesis, especially for the mitosis-meiosis switch, and also for the regulation of prepubertal SC maturation
Nutzen der Integrierten Tierärztlichen Bestandsbetreuung in deutschen Milchviehbetrieben für die Tiergesundheit und das Tierwohl
No full textVeterinary Herd Health Management (VHHM) is becoming increasingly important in the field of veterinary dairy practice. Whereas a few decades ago veterinarians had mainly purely curative tasks, these are now complemented by advisory activities and thus regular collaboration between veterinarian and farmer is an important tool in the full support of a dairy farm. Keeping the animals healthy and optimizing farm performance while maintaining animal health, animal welfare and legal aspects are the focus of herd health programs, not only to ensure food safety. For this purpose, animal-related data are collected, both problem-oriented but especially preventive, which are discussed with the persons that care for the animals. The resulting operational objectives are addressed consecutively by measures within the framework of the program and reviewed by means of interval-based evaluation.
With the EU-wide "Animal Health Act" (VO 2016/429) which is in effect since April 2021, a VHHM is mandatory on dairy cow farms.
The topic of VHHM is of multi-faceted interest for the stakeholders involved. To the veterinary profession, a deeper insight can serve to better promote farm-specific approaches, but also to recruit farms not previously participating in VHHM in order to proactively market VHHM as a veterinary service. For the dairy farmers, a broader horizon of possibilities within the framework of VHHM can help them to position their individual situation and, if necessary, achieve progress or change with the farm veterinarian. Not least is public interest given through the change in law, but also from the consumer’s point of view, since the production of high-quality and safe food is demanded more and more with emphasis on animal welfare and animal health, on which the veterinarian could influence actively by means of VHHM.
Until now, little is known about the establishment of VHHM programs on dairy farms in Germany, so the aim of this study was to collect a status quo of the current VHHM practice. An online survey was used to address dairy farmers and to record whether VHHM was taking place and, if so, the extent to which it was being implemented. Dairy farmers were asked about satisfaction with the veterinarian as well as problems and desires within the VHHM program, with the intent of providing a reflection of the nationwide dissemination.
The hypothesis of the first part of the study was that farms that participated in a VHHM were more satisfied with the veterinarian and with the VHHM program itself. It was also to find out if the scope of support was related to the satisfaction of a corresponding program. The second part of the project analyzed whether closer and more regular collaboration was potentially associated with improved overall farm performance such as milk yield, age at first calving, bulk tank somatic cell count etc
Defects in Amorphous Silicon Films: Thermal Desorption Spectrometry on Amorphous Silicon Films Deposited with and without Ion Beam Assistance
No full textTechnische MateriaalwetenschappenMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
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