1,721,045 research outputs found
Notas sobre mamíferos sudamericanos: Nueva publicación de SAREM
Full text linkComentarios sobre la nueva publicación de la Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los MamíferosFil: Martin, Gabriel Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; Argentin
Phylogeny and Diversity of South American Metatherians
No full textThe Metatheria include not only marsupials but all therians more related to Marsupialia than to the Eutheria. Marsupialia is considered as a metatherian crown group including all extant marsupials, their common ancestor and all of their descendants. “Ameridelphia” is not a natural group. Australidelphia includes the Microbiotheria and all Australasian marsupials. Several authors also argue that the Polydolopimorphia are Australidelphians as well. Relationships of Sparassodonta with other Metatheria are a matter of discussion. To several authors, they are more closely related to South American and Australian groups than to basal North American and/or Asian metatherians. Our concept of Didelphimorphia includes the Peradectoidea (Peradectidae and Caroloameghiniidae) and the Didelphoidea (Didelphidae and Sparassocynidae). In several analyses, the Paucituberculata appear as more closely related to the Australidelphia than to the Didelphimorphia. The relationships of the Microbiotheria within the Australidelphia have been subject of much discussion. They have been considered either as sister-taxa of all other Australidelphia, at the base of Diprotodontia, as a sister-taxon of Dasyuromorpha, as a sister-taxon of Phalangeriformes + Diprotodontia, or even related with part of the former.Fil: Goin, Francisco Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Woodburne, Michael O.. Museum of Northern Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Zimicz, Ana Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Gabriel Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; ArgentinaFil: Chornogubsky Clerici, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin
Geographic distribution of Rhyncholestes raphanurus Osgood, 1924 (Paucituberculata:Caenolestidae), an endemic marsupial of the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest
Full text linkThe Chilean shrew opossum (Rhyncholestes raphanurus) is the southernmost representative of the family Caenolestidae (Marsupialia:Paucituberculata). The species lives in temperate forests of southern Chile and Argentina and is currently known from 50%) in coastal Chile and the Andes from 3930′ to ∼42S, and most of Chiló Island, plus a northern and southern expansion of medium to low (<50%) prediction values. The most important environmental variables identified from the models include precipitation and some temperature-related variables. The species occurrence lies within the Andean region, Subantarctic subregion, and Valdivian biogeographic province. At a smaller scale, most of the localities occur in eight of the 22 forest types described for the Valdivian ecoregion, implying narrow ecological requirements. Identification of critical areas through potential distribution modelling may have implications for species conservation and identification of biogeographic patterns.Fil: Martin, Gabriel Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; Argentin
Paleobiology and Adaptations of Paleogene Metatherians
No full textDiversity, dietary, and body mass analyses suggest that the early Eocene represents the major radiation event in South America metatherian evolutionary history. During this period, representatives of all orders typical of the Paleogene reached their greatest diversity (i.e., “basal ameridelphians”; Polydolopimorphia Polydolopiformes, and Bonapartheriiformes Bonapartherioidea); frugivory was the dominant trophic niche. By the middle late Eocene occurs a functional and taxonomic turnover. Among the Polydolopimorphia, frugivore types declined and were replaced by larger-sized frugivores/folivores (Polydolopiformes) and smaller-sized granivores (Bonapartheriiformes). The Sparassodonta showed a diversity increase and occupied the large-sized hypercarnivore niches. The Eocene–Oligocene boundary constitutes another extinction and turnover event marked by the disappearance of “basal ameridelphians”, the Polydolopiformes and Bonapartheriiformes Bonapartherioidea. Lineages that survive into the Deseadan are the Sparassodonta, Paucituberculata, Microbiotheria, and Bonapartheriiformes Argyrolagoidea. Dominant trophic types were those of carnivores and granivores. Environmental factors probably modeled the Paleogene metatherian faunal dynamics in South America. Mean annual temperatures (MAT) and precipitations seem the main factors modeling the taxonomic and trophic diversity, respectively. The adaptive radiation of the early Eocene seems associated with the maximum thermal event of the late Paleocene-early Eocene. The turnover event of the late Eocene seems associated with a sharp drop in the rainfall regime. The extinction and turnover event of the Eocene–Oligocene boundary also seem associated with a strong drop in ambient temperatures. The diversity in evolution of Paleogene metatherians shows a pattern similar to that of living marsupials at the latitudinal level. For a given mean temperature, the number of species in extinct associations is very close to that of the living ones.Fil: Goin, Francisco Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Woodburne, Michael O.. Museum of Northern Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Zimicz, Ana Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Gabriel Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; ArgentinaFil: Chornogubsky Clerici, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin
Summary: Milestones in the Evolution of South American Metatherians
No full textWe summarize the configuration of plates, geographical barriers, and possible dispersal events during the Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic between North and South America, the Caribbean, Antarctica, and Australia. The arrival of metatherians in South America was a Late Cretaceous event, and probably a Maastrichtian one. There are few doubts that the first metatherians in this continent arrived from North America. We suggest that not only eutherian mammals but also metatherians may have reached South America from the north in a series of successive dispersal waifs. This FABI (First American Biotic Interchange) may have replicated the successive waif dispersal mood of the late Cenozoic GABI (Great American Biotic Interchange). The initial radiation of basal South American metatherian lineages (“Ameridelphia”) may have already occurred by Late Campanian-Maastrichtian times. We also suggest that a cooling pulse happening by the Latest Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian, ca. 68–67 Ma) may have been involved in the origin of the Australidelphia, as part of the southern (Austral Kingdom) Nothofagus biota. Four out of six faunal phases were involved in the evolution of South American metatherians: (1) Early South American (Late Cretaceous to the Late Eocene), Late South American (Early Oligocene to late Miocene), Interamerican (Plio–Pleistocene), and Hypoamerican (Holocene). The first of these phases involved the arrival and expansion of many lineages and adaptive types. The global cooling by the Eocene–Oligocene Boundary implied the extinction of many (mostly tropical) lineages, as well as the diversification of several specialized ones. The third of these faunal phases transpired during a time lapse of ecological imbalance and global cooling, while the last phase saw already much impoverished metatherian associations throughout the continent.Fil: Goin, Francisco Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Woodburne, Michael O.. Museum of Northern Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Zimicz, Ana Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Gabriel Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; ArgentinaFil: Chornogubsky Clerici, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin
Dispersal of vertebrates from between the Americas, Antarctica, and Australia in the Late Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic
No full textThe early Paleocene diversity of metatherians in Tiupampan faunas of South America and the pre-Tiupampan Paleocene polydolopimorphian Cocatherium speak in favor of an earliest Paleocene or Late Cretaceous dispersal of metatherians from North America. No Late Cretaceous metatherian or eutherian mammals have been recovered to date in South America, but the late Campanian to Maastrichtian hadrosaurine dinosaurs in Argentina, as well as the late Maastrichtian of the Antarctic Peninsula, is evidence of a biotic connection to North America. Placental ?condylarths? in the Tiupampan may have been related to, and dispersedsouthward relative to, Puercan taxa in North America and perhaps reflect asomewhat later event in comparison to metatherians. Other than hadrosaurinedinosaurs, Late Cretaceous vertebrates of South America are basically Gondwananin affinities and reflect (and survived) the pre-106 Ma connection between SouthAmerica, Africa, and Antarctica. The potential for a Late Cretaceous dispersal of metatherians would be compatible with a continued dispersal to Australia at that time, also supported by plate tectonic relationships, notwithstanding the basically endemic coeval Australian dinosaur fauna, and recognizing the essential absence of a Late Maastrichtian land vertebrate record there. An early Paleocene connection between at least Antarctica and South America is documented by the presence of a monotreme in the Peligran fauna of Patagonia. This, coupled with the fact that post-Peligran mammal faunas in South America and the Antarctic Peninsula (from at least 52 Ma in that location) are composed of derived metatherian as well as placental mammals, suggests that dispersal of metatherians to Australia had been achieved prior to the Eocene. Such timing is compatible with the still plesiomorphic level of Australian metatherians from the early Eocene Tingamarra fauna of Australia, the marine sundering of the Tasman Gate at about 50 Ma and the development of a continuously marine southern coastline of Australia from about 45 Ma effectively foreclosed overland mammal and other vertebrate dispersal to Australia thereafter.Fil: Goin, Francisco Javier. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Woodburne, Michael O.. Museum of Northern Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Zimicz, Ana Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Gabriel Mario. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Chornogubsky Clerici, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin
Contributions to the knowledge of Notiomys edwardsii (Thomas, 1890) in northwestern Chubut, Argentina
Full text linkSe documenta una nueva localidad y el análisis del contenido estomacal para el ratón topo Notiomys edwardsii (Thomas), a partir de un ejemplar capturado en una trampa de caída colocada en un sitio con importantes modificaciones antrópicas, cercano a la ciudad de Esquel (Colonia Nahuel Pan, 42º57’ S y 71º10’ O, departamento Futaleufú). Se comparan sus medidas externas y cráneo-mandibulares con los ejemplares mencionados en la literatura. En el análisis del contenido estomacal se encontraron restos de un escorpión (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) y larvas de tipúlidos (Diptera: Tipulidae), confirmando el carácter animalívoro de la especie.A new locality and the analysis of stomach contents for the poorly known rodent Notiomys edwardsii (Thomas) is presented. The specimen was captured in a pitfall-drift fence trap located in a site with severe anthropogenic modifications close to the city of Esquel (Colonia Nahuel Pan, 42º57’ S, 71º10’ W), Department of Futaleufú, Province of Chubut (Argentina). External and craneomandibular measurements of the specimen are compared with those in the literature. Remains of a scorpion (Scorpiones: Bothriuridae) and several tipulid (Diptera: Tipulidae) larvae were found in the stomach, confirming that the species relies heavily on a diet of arthropods.Fil: Martin, Gabriel Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad; ArgentinaFil: Archangelsky, Miguel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Facultad de Cs.naturales - Sede Esquel. Laboratorio de Ecología Acuatica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Intraspecific variability in Lestoros inca (Paucituberculata, Caenolestidae), with reports on dental anomalies and eruption pattern
Full text linkCaenolestids are a group of poorly known South American marsupials with a restricted distribution in páramo and subpáramo environments of the Andes from Colombia and western Venezuela to Bolivia (represented by the genera Caenolestes and Lestoros), and in Valdivian rain forest in southern Chile and Argentina where a single species (Rhyncholestes raphanurus) lives. The Incan shrew opossum, Lestoros inca, lives in mountains of southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia. Despite being common in trapping surveys, little is known of its cranial and dental intraspecific variability, tooth eruption pattern, and dental anomalies. The objective of this work was to analyze the intraspecific variability of L. inca, which includes an anatomical description of the skull and dentition and analysis of clinal variation, tooth eruption patterns, and dental anomalies. The eruption pattern found in L. inca confirms the sequence P3 → m4 → p3 → M4 as the general pattern for living paucituberculatans. Missing teeth between the procumbent incisor and the 2nd lower premolar are the most common anomaly found (n = 14, 20% of the analyzed specimens). Comparisons with other living caenolestids, lack of clinal variation and significant differences between populations support L. inca as a separate, clearly distinct species. The information presented herein can be used in anatomical and paleontological studies dealing with caenolestids in particular and marsupials in general and also provides a sound basis for anatomical inferences made from fossils.Fil: Martin, Gabriel Mario. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentin
On the identity of Thylamys (Marsupialia, Didelphidae) from the western pampas and south-central espinal, Argentina
Full text linkEl género Thylamys es el más diverso de todos los pequeños didélfidos que puede encontrarse en Argentina, pero la situación taxonómica de varias formas que lo componen no está aún resuelta. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la identidad de los ejemplares de Thylamys que habitan las ecorregiones Pampeana y del Espinal, mediante el análisis comparativo de los rasgos exosomáticos, craneomandibulares y dentarios de cientos de ejemplares asignados a varias especies del género (e.g., T. pallidior, T. elegans). A partir de esto, se reconoce a T. fenestrae (Marelli) como una especie válida, con una distribución que abarcaría el oeste de Buenos Aires, este de La Pampa y sur de Córdoba y San Luis. Debido a la falta de material tipo y a lo escueto e incompleto de la descripción original, se designa un neotipo y se presenta una diagnosis diferencial para la especie.The genus Thylamys is the most diverse of all the small didelphids that can be found in Argentina, but the taxonomic situation of many forms is still unresolved. The objective of this study was to determine the identity of the specimens of Thylamys that inhabit the Pampas and Espinal Ecoregions. Exosomatic, craneomandibular and dental characters from many specimens of the genus were compared (e.g., T. pallidior, T. elegans). The analysis of several hundred remains have provided evidence for the recognition of T. fenestrae (Marelli) as a valid species, which is distributed in the following Provinces of Argentina: west of Buenos Aires, east of La Pampa, south of Córdoba and San Luis. Due to the lack of type material and a succinct and rather incomplete original description, a neotype is designated and a differential diagnosis is presented for the species.Fil: Martin, Gabriel Mario. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Facultad de Ciencias Naturales - Sede Esquel. Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolución y Biodiversidad; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Variability and variation in Dromiciops Thomas, 1894 (Marsupialia, Microbiotheria, Microbiotheriidae)
Full text linkThe genus Dromiciops Thomas is the only living representative of the order Microbiotheria. Throughout the history of the taxon, it was considered to comprise a continental and an insular form (D. australis and D. gliroides), a single species (D. gliroides), or, as recently described, 3 different species (D. bozinovici, D. mondaca, and D. gliroides). I analyzed the morphometric and morphologic variability (differences in morphological characters within a sample or species) and variation (differences in morphological characters among samples or species) in Dromiciops. Comparisons to test for secondary sexual dimorphism were made within and between continental and insular samples for localities with the largest samples available. Due to the lack of sexual dimorphism, males and females were analyzed together to test for: 1) differences between continental and insular samples; 2) differences between the arrangement of recently described species using a larger series of available specimens; and 3) clinal variation. Results support Dromiciops as composed of 1 valid species (D. gliroides), without clinal variation. Based on the samples I examined, several characters previously used as diagnostic for the 3 species previously recognized (e.g., incisive and palatal fenestrae, mandibular height) vary intraspecifically and are not valid as diagnostic.Fil: Martin, Gabriel Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagóica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentin
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