173,918 research outputs found
Eudendrium caraiuru Marques & Oliveira, 2003, sp. n.
No full textEudendrium caraiuru sp. n. Figures 1–19 Eudendrium glomeratum; Marques, 1993: 68 –75, pl. 3; 2001: 361–369, figs. 23–30; Migotto, 1996: 122; Rosso and Marques, 1997: 417; Oliveira et al., 2000: 519 –525; Migotto et al., 2001: 289, 294– 296; 2002: 11. non Eudendrium glomeratum Picard, 1951. Type material. Holotype: Brazil: São Sebastião: Baleeiro Point, female colony, 08.iii. 1988, formol, on rock, 3m, col. A.E. Migotto (MZUSP 0385; former ACMSP029). Paratypes: Brazil: São Sebastião: Cigarras Beach: male colony, 15.vii. 1988, formol, intertidal, col. A.E. Migotto (MZUSP 0388; former ACMSP034); Pitangueiras Beach (north rocky shore): male colony, 24.x. 1992, formol, on rock, intertidal, col. A.C. Marques (ROMIZ B 1223; former ACMSP 162); Jarobá Point, Parque: male colony, 17.ix. 1990, formol, on test panel, 2m, col. A.C. Marques (MZUSP 0394; former ACMSP056); Baleeiro Point:; Baraqueçaba Beach: female colonies, 12.xii. 2001, formol, on metallic structures, 7m, col. H.K. Boscolo (MZUSP 0372); Lage dos Moleques: female colony, 05.xii. 1991, formol, on rock, 5m, col. A.C. Marques (MZUSP 0423; former ACMSP 114). Additional material. Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Urca: colony without gonophores, ix. 1990, leg. I. Zalmon (MZUSP 0375; former ACMRJ008); Ubatuba: Lázaro Beach: colony without gonophores, 28.vii. 1992, formol, on rock, intertidal, col. A.C. Marques (MZUSP 0427; former ACMSP 120); colony without gonophores, 28.vii. 1992, formol, on rock, intertidal, col. A.C. Marques (MZUSP 0428; former ACMSP 121); Maranduba Beach: colony without gonophores, 30.vii. 1992, formol, on rock, intertidal, col. A.C. Marques (MZUSP 0429; former ACMSP 123); São Sebastião: Pier Sul (Petrobrás): male colony, 18.vii. 1990, formol, on Perna perna, 1m, col. J.C. de Freitas (ACMSP064); Pitangueiras Beach (north rocky shore): colony without gonophores, 18.viii. 1988, formol, 6m, col. A.E. Migotto (MZUSP 0458; former ACMSP 159); male colony, 03.iv. 1992, formol, on Schizoporella, 3m, col. A.E. Migotto (MZUSP 0459; former ACMSP 161); Jarobá Point (23 º 49,654´S 45 º 25,366´W): colony without gonophores 17.viii. 1990, formol, on test panel, 1m, col. A.C. Marques (MNRJ 2043; former ACMSP044); colony without gonophores, 17.viii. 1990, formol, on test panel, 1m, col. A.C. Marques (ROMIZ B 1221; former ACMSP045); colony without gonophores, 20.viii. 1990, formol, on test panel, 2m, col. A.C. Marques (MNRJ 2044; former ACMSP048); colony without gonophores, 20.viii. 1990, formol, on test panel, 2m, col. A.C. Marques (MNRJ 2045; former ACM SP049); colony without gonophores, 20.viii. 1990, formol, on test panel, 2m, col. A.C. Marques (ROMIZ B 1222; former ACMSP050); colony without gonophores, 15.ix. 1990, formol, on rope, 2m, col. A.C. Marques (MZUSP 0392; former ACMSP054); male colony, 15.ix. 1990, formol, on rope, 2m, col. A.C. Marques (MZUSP 0393; former ACM SP055); colonies without gonophores, 22.i. 2000, formol, on test panel, 1m, col. O.M.P. Oliveira (MZUSP 0368); female colonies, 22.i. 2000, formol, on test panel, 1m, col. O.M.P. Oliveira (MZUSP 0369); colonies without gonophores, 25.i. 2002, alcohol, on ropes, 1m, col. O.M.P. Oliveira (MZUSP 0370); Barequeçaba Point (23 º 49,979´S 45 º 25,843´W): colonies without gomophores, 12.xii. 2001, formol, on metallic structures, 7m, col. H.K. Boscolo (MZUSP 0371); female colonies, 12.xii. 2001, formol, on metallic structures, 7m, col. H.K. Boscolo (MZUSP 0372); Cananéia: Cardoso Island, costão do Pereirinha: colony without gonophores, 26.viii. 1992, formol, on rock, intertidal, col. A.C. Marques (MZUSP 0447; former ACMSP 145). Diagnosis. Large euryteles with shaft:capsule proportion 3.0– 3.6; in pads on hydranth body, spadix of female gonophores, and in a whorl of 16–25 around hypostome. Female blastostyles with reduced hypostome and tentacles. Etymology. From the Tupi native language “ cáraiurú ” (= powerful mouth), in reference to the presence of large euryteles on the hypostome. Description. Colonies dioecious, arborescent, up to 54 mm in height, main stems unfascicled. Hydrocauli arising from creeping hydrorhiza; branches many, more or less alternate, occurring over entire hydrocaulus, branches up to third order, in radiate planes or rarely more or less planar; pedicels arising from main stem or branches of first, second or third order. Perisarc of main stem strongly developed, dark brown, single tubes 0.40 mm in diameter, with scarce annulations, in sets of 3–8 rings. Branches with 3–7 rings at origin, 0.20–0.25 mm in diameter. Pedicels sometimes completely annulated, yellowish, ca. 0.10 mm in diameter. Hydranths 0.18–0.75 mm in height, 0.18–0.57 mm in diameter (measured in the body region just below the tentacles), orange in color, with a distinct groove in the aboral region; tentacles 23–34 in number, occurring in a whorl below hypostome. Some hydranths with reduced tentacles juxtaposed in two close whorls. Gonophores styloids, arising from body of hydranth. Immature styloids placed in a circle around body of hydranth. Male blastostyle orange, with 10–29 sporosacs, each sporosac 1–2 chambered, linked to blastostyle body by a stalk, with a very distinct spadix over its longitudinal axis, and a terminal tubercle on its apex; distal chamber 0.12–0.18 mm in diameter. Male blastostyles completely reduced over earlier stages of their development with pedicels corrugated throughout. Female gonophores orange, arising on partially reduced blastostyles with highly atrophied hypostome and degenerated tentacles. Immature eggs having a simple and curved spadix over a single egg. Blastostyle reducing completely during development or at maximum with 1–5 stumps (tentacles), and spadices shed. Mature oval eggs thickened by perisarc and linked directly to the wrinkled pedicel by short and shallow concave peduncles. Eggs 4–7 in number, 0.24–0.39 mm in diameter. Nematocysts of two categories, heterotrichous microbasic euryteles and heterotrichous macrobasic (or mesobasic) euryteles. Small microbasic euryteles (seen discharged), 6.1 –8.0 X 2.9–3.9 m, L / W = 1: 2.05– 2.1, oval, abundant; distributed over hydranth body, hypostome, coenosarc, and tentacles. Large macrobasic euryteles (seen discharged), 18.7–22.7 X 7.1–9.3 m, L / W 1: 2.4– 2.6, bean shaped, common. Discharged shaft up to 60 m in length, 3. 0–3.6 times length of capsule; undischarged shaft in 1.5 coils inside capsule; distributed on hydranth body sometimes forming pads to a continuous ring, up to 25 capsules on hypostome, coenosarc, terminal tubercle, and immature female spadix sometimes forming pads. Distribution. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro State: Rio de Janeiro (Marques, 2001); São Paulo: Ubatuba (Marques, 2001), São Sebastião (Oliveira et al., 2000; Marques, 2001), Cananéia (Marques, 2001).Published as part of Marques, Antonio C. & Oliveira, Otto M. P., 2003, Eudendrium caraiuru sp. n. (Hydrozoa; Anthoathecata; Eudendriidae) from the southeastern coast of Brazil, pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 307 on pages 3-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15661
Ectopleura obypa Migotto & Marques 1999
No full textEctopleura obypa Migotto & Marques, 1999a Distribution in South America: polyp—Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 23.50°S to 24°S (Migotto & Marques 1999a; Migotto et al. 2002; Oliveira 2003; Oliveira et al. 2006; Shimabukuro & Marques 2006a, abstract; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2011; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Miranda et al. 2015); medusa—Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, at 23.83°S 45.42°W (Migotto & Marques 1999a; Migotto et al. 2002; Silveira & Morandini 2011). Habitat: polyp—from 1 to 15m depth, on algae, ascidians, barnacles, mussels, light buoys (Migotto & Marques 1999a; Oliveira 2003; Oliveira et al. 2006; Shimabukuro & Marques 2006a; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2011).Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira Júnior 12,, Er Quiñones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, Tín Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Quíria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.
Clistoabdominalis mitarakensis Marques & Rafael 2019
No full textClistoabdominalis mitarakensis Marques & Rafael, n. sp. (Fig. 3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 42AADBEE-04EC-418D-8445-B8AD2D2414CF TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Guyane, ♂, Mitaraka, MIT-DZ, drop zone, 02°14’01.8”N, 54°27’01.0”W, 306 m a.s.l., 24.II.2015 - 10. III.2015, LT, leg. Julien Touroult, sample code: MITARAKA/115, “ Holotype ♂, Clistoabdominalis mitarakensis Marques & Rafael ”, MNHN. HOLOTYPE CONDITION. — Right wing detached, mounted on microslide. Terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin. Both attached to pinned holotype specimen. ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name refers to the type locality, Mitaraka, French Guiana. GEOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. — French Guiana (Mitaraka). DIAGNOSIS. — Antenna dark brown to black, postpedicel acute. Legs predominantly dark brown to black. Wing brown infuscate. Tergite 1 entirely gray pruinosity; tergites 2-5 velvety black basally, gray brown pruinosity more distinct posterolaterally. Syntergosternite 8 with small membranous area. Surstyli symmetrical, curved inwards apically. Phallus trifid, short ramified. Ejaculatory apodeme very large, almost 2 times as long as hypandrium. Female unknown. DESCRIPTION OF MALE HOLOTYPE Body length 3.5 mm. Head (Fig. 3 A) Eyes contiguous for a distance of sixteen facets. Frontal triangle and face brown pruinose. Postcranium dark, with dark brown pruinosity. Antenna (Fig. 3 B) with scape black; pedicel dark brown to black, with four dorsal and two ventral bristles; postpedicel dark brown with acute apex. Thorax Postpronotal lobe brown. Scutum dark brown to black, with brown pruinosity. Notopleuron brown, with sixteen weak bris- tles. Scutellum dark brown to black, with brown pruinosity and inconspicuous bristles. Mesopleuron and mediotergite dark brown to black, with brown pruinosity. Wing (Fig. 3 C) Length 4.2 mm, almost 3 times as long as wide. Membrane slightly brown infuscate. Third costal section 1.2 times as long as fourth costal section. Vein r-m near middle of cell dm. Vein dm-m somewhat straight. Halter brown. Legs (Fig. 3 A) Predominantly dark brown to black, with femuro-tibial and tibio-tarsal articulation somewhat yellow, setae black. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 3 D) Tergite 1 entirely gray pruinose with six small black lateral setae; tergites 2-5 velvety black basally with gray brown pruinosity posterolaterally; syntergosternite 8 (Figs 3 D-F) almost ½ as long as tergite 5, with small membranous area (Fig. 3 F). Terminalia Epandrium and surstyli brown (Fig. 3 E). Surstylus (Fig. 3 E) symmetrical, curved inwards apically; truncated in lateral view (Fig. 3 G, H). Gonopods symmetrical (Fig. 3 I). Phallic guide (Fig. 3 I, J) simple, narrow. Phallus trifid, short ramified with ducts distinctly separated only in distal 1/3 and each duct with a small subapical projection (Fig. 3 I, J). Ejaculatory apodeme very large, almost 2 times as long as hypandrium (Fig. 3 I). REMARKS Clistoabdominalis Skevington is easily distinguishable from the other genera of Eudorylini by the following features (Skevington 2001; Skevington & Yeates 2001): tergite 1 with lateral fan of setae absent or minute; syntergostemite 8 swollen, partially to entirely fused; membranous area of syntergosternite 8 usually absent and if present, very small; hypandrium deflected left at nearly 90° to phallic guide; phallus trifid, with ducts distinctly separated only in distal 1/3 and ejaculatory apodeme large, with a swollen basal rosette. Clistoabdominalis mitarakensis Marques & Rafael, n. sp. does not fit all generic characters as the syntergosternite 8 is not swollen, but as it fits most of the Clistoabdominalis characters: (the size and shape of the hypandrium, phallus and ejaculatory apodeme), it is tentatively placed in Clistoabdominalis.Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A., Rafael, José A. & Pollet, Marc, 2019, First records of Pipunculidae (Diptera) from French Guiana, with the description of a new species, pp. 249-258 in Zoosystema 41 (13) on page 254, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a13, http://zenodo.org/record/372245
Eudendrium pocaruquarum Marques 1995
No full textEudendrium pocaruquarum Marques, 1995 Remarks: species endemic to Brazil. Taxonomical remarks in Marques (1995). Distribution in South America: polyp—Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 3°S to 4°S, from 23.25°S to 24°S (Marques 1993, 1995, 2001; Rosso & Marques 1997; Oliveira 2003; Marques et al. 2006; Oliveira et al. 2006; Shimabukuro et al. 2006; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2 0 11; Shimabukuro 2007; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Miranda et al. 2015). Habitat: polyp—at intertidal zone, on algae, bryozoans, Clavelina oblonga, mussels, polychaete tubes, and rock (Marques 1995; Oliveira 2003; Oliveira et al. 2006; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2011; Shimabukuro 2007).Published as part of M. P. Oliveira 1,16, S P. Miranda 2, *,, Es W. Mianzan 10,, Ro E. Migotto 11,, Ne B. Nascimento 2,11, Eli Nogueira Júnior 12,, Er Quiñones 13,, Izio Scarabino 14,, Tín Schiariti 10,, Io N. Stampar 15,, Tronolone 2, , Quíria B. & Onio C. Marques 2,11, 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1) on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.
Prof. Th. W. Adorno and the author Hans Erich Nossack.
No full textProf. Th. W. Adorno and the author Hans Erich Nossack at a reception of Insel Verlag, Buchmesse Frankfurt 1966LB
Eudendrium caraiuru Marques & Oliveira 2003
No full text<i>Eudendrium caraiuru</i> Marques & Oliveira, 2003 <p> Synonyms in the area: <i>Eudendrium glomeratum</i> —Marques 1993; Rosso & Marques 1997; Oliveira <i>et al.</i> 2000; Marques 2001; Migotto <i>et al.</i> 2001; Silveira & Morandini 2011 [polyp] [non <i>Eudendrium glomeratum</i> Picard, 1951].</p> <p> Remarks: common species on the Brazilian coast (Marques <i>et al.</i> 2006). Further taxonomic details in Marques & Oliveira (2003).</p> <p> Distribution in South America: polyp—Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 3°S to 4.50°S, from 22.75°S to 25.58°S, from 38°S to 38.10°S (Marques 1993; Migotto 1996; Rosso & Marques 1997; Oliveira <i>et al.</i> 2000; Marques 2001; Migotto <i>et al.</i> 2001; Marques & Oliveira 2003; Oliveira & Marques 2005; Marques <i>et al.</i> 2006; Shimabukuro & Marques 2006a, abstract; Shimabukuro <i>et al.</i> 2006; Shimabukuro 2007; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Marques <i>et al</i>. 2013; Fernandez <i>et al</i>. 2014, 2015; Miranda <i>et al</i>. 2015).</p> <p> Habitat: polyp—in shallow waters, on fouling, ascidians, bryozoans, barnacles, gastropods, mussels, polychaete tubes, rocks, test panels and other artificial substrates (Migotto <i>et al.</i> 2001; Marques & Oliveira 2003; Marques <i>et al.</i> 2006; Shimabukuro & Marques 2006a; Shimabukuro 2007; Fernandez <i>et al</i>. 2014, 2015).</p>Published as part of <i>OLIVEIRA, OTTO M. P., MIRANDA, THAÍS P., ARAUJO, ENILMA M., AYÓN, PATRICIA, CEDEÑO-POSSO, CRISTINA M., CEPEDA-MERCADO, AMANCAY A., CÓRDOVA, PABLO, CUNHA, AMANDA F., GENZANO, GABRIEL N., HADDAD, MARIA ANGÉLICA, MIANZAN, HERMES W., MIGOTTO, ALVARO E., MIRANDA, LUCÍLIA S., MORANDINI, ANDRÉ C., NAGATA, RENATO M., NASCIMENTO, KARINE B., JÚNIOR, MIODELI NOGUEIRA, PALMA, SERGIO, QUIÑONES, JAVIER, RODRIGUEZ, CAROLINA S., SCARABINO, FABRIZIO, SCHIARITI, AGUSTÍN, STAMPAR, SÉRGIO N., TRONOLONE, VALQUÍRIA B. & MARQUES, ANTONIO C., 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, pp. 1-256 in Zootaxa 4194 (1)</i> on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4194.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10068449">http://zenodo.org/record/10068449</a>
Elmohardyia martae Marques & Rafael, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textElmohardyia martae sp. nov. Figs 114–129 Diagnosis. Tergite 2 with narrow basal gray pruinose band and two posterolateral gray pruinose spots. Sternite 6 with two subapical protuberances. Surstyli asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed with apex greatly expanded, about 3 X longer than right surstylus. Right gonopod strongly developed, reaching to the apex of the phallic guide. Phallic guide simple. Phallus with strongly developed subapical spicule. Description of male holotype. (Fig. 114). Body length 4.6 mm. Head. Eyes contiguous for a distance of twenty facets. F, EM, V = 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.3 mm. Frontal triangle and face gray pruinose. Postcranium dark, gray-brown pruinose dorsally and gray pruinose laterally and ventrally. Antennae (Fig. 115) with scape dark brown to black; pedicel dark brown to black, with five dorsal and four ventral bristles; postpedicel dark brown, lighter towards margin. LPP/WPP = 2. Labellum dark yellow. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe brown, brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown to black, brown pruinose. Notopleuron brown, gray-brown pruinose with twelve weak bristles. Scutellum dark brown to black, brown pruinose, with inconspicuous bristles. Mesopleuron and mediotergite dark brown, gray pruinose. Wing. (Fig. 116). Length 4.8 mm. LW/MWW = 3.3. LTC/LFC = 1.4. Membrane somewhat hyaline; almost entirely covered with microtrichia, except for cells bc, basal half of c, basal three quarters of sc, basal one third of r 1, br, small basal area and superior part of bm, basal two thirds of cup and basal one third of anal lobe without or with greatly reduced microtrichia. Vein r-m placed just before basal third of cell dm. Vein dm-cu straight. Halter brown, except for black knob. Legs. (Fig. 114). Coxae dark brown to black, gray pruinose. Trochanters dark yellow. Femora dark brown to black with base and apex yellow, entirely gray pruinose posteriorly. Tibiae dark yellow with distal one third brown, gray pruinose. Tarsi brown, except fifth tarsomere darker or entirely black. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen. (Fig. 117). Dark brown, gray pruinose on tergite 1, on narrow basal band of tergite 2 and on posterolateral spots on tergites 2–5; tergite 1 with three stout dark brown bristles laterally. Tergite 6 and sternites 6, 7 as in Fig. 118. Sternite 6 (Fig. 119) with two asymmetrical subapical protuberances. Syntergosternite 8 dark brown, slightly shorter than tergite 5, brown pruinose anteriorly, gray pruinose posteriorly (Fig. 117) and with large membranous area (Fig. 120). Terminalia. Epandrium and surstyli yellow (Fig. 121). Surstyli (Figs 121–122) asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed, about 3 X longer than right surstylus; with one small protuberance medially and apex greatly expanded; lateral view as in Fig. 123. Right surstylus with apex curved inward and directed downward (Figs 122, 124). Subepandrial sclerite as in Fig. 125. Right gonopod strongly developed, reaching the level of phallic guide apex (Fig. 126). Phallic guide simple, without additional process (Figs 127, 128). Phallus with strongly developed spicule (Fig. 127). Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 129. Female unknown. Variation (paratype). Body length 4.2 mm. Wing length 4.4 mm. Type Material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BRASIL, MA[ranhão], Caxias, Res.[erva] Ecol.[ógica] Inhamum” “Armadilha Malaise, 23–27.ii. 2005, G.A. Cunha, cols [collectors]” “ Holotype ♂, Elmohardyia martae Marques & Rafael ” (CZMA). PARATYPE: idem, Carolina, Serra Grande, 07°04' 28 "S, 47 ° 24 ' 12 "W, 13.xii. 2011, Arm. Malaise, F.L. Oliveira & J. Vidal (1 ♂ INPA). Holotype condition. Left wing detached, mounted on microslide. Terminalia placed in microvial with glycerin. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Marta Maria Almeida Marques, mother of the first author. Distribution. Brazil: Maranhão (Cerrado Biome). Discussion. Elmohardyia martae sp. nov. is close to E. quadricornis sp. nov. due to the strongly developed right gonopod, almost reaching to the apex of the phallic guide, and the phallus with a long subapical spicule. Elmohardyia martae sp. nov. differs from E. quadricornis sp. nov. by the somewhat triangular apex of the left surstylus (somewhat subquadrangular in E. quadricornis sp. nov.), the simple phallic guide (two additional processes present in E. quadricornis sp. nov.) and the subapical spicule being simple apically (being bifid apically in E. quadricornis sp. nov.).Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A. & Rafael, José A., 2015, Elmohardyia Rafael (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from northeastern Brazil: new records and description of new species, pp. 301-327 in Zootaxa 3972 (3) on pages 314-317, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23645
Nowe spojrzenie na planowanie architektury mieszkaniowej w afryce subsaharyjskiej
No full textThe author shares his reflections on state of art in housing and urban planning, deficiencies, expectations and possibilities in the Sahel region of Africa. He notices, that the housing problem in Africa is one of the challenges, which should be solved in order to recover life dignity of African people and secure their rights to traditional family life in acceptable conditions. The paper describes the studies on the typical dispersed urban structures and the need to foster this type of settlement structure and proposals of introduction of new on light steel frame housing system in the area of Sahel, combining the traditional way of building houses with modern technology. The particularly analysed case, is the housing problem in the Republic of Chad. The author presents the basic discussion on this topic and his architectural proposals. Unfortunately, the gap between the needs and the financial feasibility of housing construction in this area, makes this project already at the starting point extremely difficult to be realized without external subventions.Problem mieszkaniowy w Afryce jest jednym z wyzwań, które należy rozwiązać, aby Afrykanie mogli odzyskać godność życiową i zabezpieczyć swoje prawa do tradycyjnego życia rodzinnego w akceptowalnych warunkach. W artykule opisano badania nad typowymi rozproszonymi strukturami miejskimi i potrzebą wspierania tego typu struktur osadniczych oraz propozycji wprowadzenia nowego systemu konstrukcji domów, opartym na lekkim szkielecie stalowym, łączącym tradycyjny sposób budowania domów z nowoczesną technologią. Przypadkiem szczególnie analizowanym jest problem mieszkaniowy w Republice Czadu. Autor przedstawia podstawową dyskusję na ten temat i swoje propozycje architektoniczne. Niestety luka między potrzebami mieszkaniowymi w Czadzie a finansową wykonalnością budownictwa mieszkaniowego w tym obszarze sprawia, że projekt ten, już w punkcie wyjścia, jest niezwykle trudny do realizacji bez uzyskania zewnętrznych dotacji
Amazunculus bethoi Marques & Skevington & Rafael 2019, sp. nov.
No full textAmazunculus bethoi Marques, Skevington & Rafael, sp. nov. ( Figs 31–45) http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 177F9871-6CC9-4EA9-A8E7-977C639DC804 Diagnosis. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown; postpedicel light brown. Wing with basal third darkened. Epandrium moderately inflated. Surstyli symmetrical, short and slightly pointed at apex in ventral view, fused with epandrium. Phallic guide long, trifid at apex. Basal processes of phallus large, surpassing posterior margin of hypandrium. Phallus with two long and pointed sclerotized projections apically. Description of male. Body length 8.4 mm. Head (Fig. 31). Eyes contiguous for a distance of eighteen facets. F, EM, V = 0.6 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.4 mm. Frontal triangle brown pruinose. Face grey pruinose. Postcranium dark, brown pruinose dorsally and grey pruinose laterally and ventrally. Antennae (Fig. 32) with scape dark brown; pedicel dark brown, with four dorsal and six ventral bristles; postpedicel light brown with apex rounded below. LPP/WPP = 1.6. Labellum brown. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe dark brown, brown pruinose. Scutum and scutellum dark brown to black with brown pruinescence. Notopleuron concolorous with the scutum, brown pruinose. Mesopleuron black, brown pruinose, except the anepisternum with grey pruinescence anterodorsally in certain lights; katatergite with sparse grey pruinescence, anatergite brown pruinose; mediotergite black with brown pruinescence. Wing (Fig. 33). Length 7.7 mm. LW/MWW = 3.3. LTC/LFC = 1.5. Membrane mostly hyaline except by basal third brown darkened. Halter with stem light brown and knob dark brown. Legs (Fig. 31). All legs dark brown to black, except apices of trochanters, apices of the femora and bases of the tibiae yellowish brown; mid femora with dense setae on posterior face; femora with brown pruinescense on posterior face. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 34). Slightly wider than long. Black, all tergites with dark brown pruinescence anteriorly and interrupted bands of light brown pruinescence posteriorly. Tergites 6, 7 and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 36. Syntergosternite 8 mostly brown pruinose; about 0.4× length of tergite 5 (Fig. 34) and with a relatively small, circular membranous area (Fig. 37). Terminalia. Epandrium and surstyli yellowish brown (Figs 38–39). Surstyli (Figs 38–39) symmetrical, slightly pointed at apex, fused with epandrium, distinctly projected ventrally and surpassing the lateral margins of epandrium in lateral view (Figs 40–41). Phallic guide (Figs 42–44) long, about 1.6× the hypandrium length; trifid at apex and with a pronounced medial curvature in lateral view (Fig. 44).Basal processes of phallus large, surpassing posterior margin of hypandrium, slightly wider than hypandrium (Fig. 42). Phallus (Figs 44–45) with two sclerotized long and pointed projections apically. Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 45. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BRASIL, Amazonas, Carauari, 5°04'31"S 67°10'11"W, vii. 2005, Malaise em igarapé” “ A. Henriques & [F. F.] Xavier-Filho leg.” “DW0108” “ Holotype ♂, Amazunculus bethoi Marques, Skevington & Rafael ” (INPA) (Fig. 35). Holotype condition. Right wing detached, mounted on microslide, left mid leg lost. Terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin. Etymology. Patronymic, this new species is dedicated to the first author’s father, Zilberto Marques F. da Silva (in memoriam), whose nickname was Betho. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from the type locality, Amazonas, Brazil (Fig. 182). Habitat. This new species was collected in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, with a Malaise trap at ground level.Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A., Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Rafael, José A., 2019, Revision of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae), with description of six new species, pp. 439-472 in Zootaxa 4577 (3) on pages 445-449, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/263224
Amazunculus manauara Marques & Skevington & Rafael 2019, sp. nov.
No full textAmazunculus manauara Marques, Skevington & Rafael, sp. nov. Figs 124–137 http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 1CC5E0E8-AD60-4654-BA22-3A4455DC3296 Diagnosis. Antenna dark brown. Wing base slightly darkened. Epandrium not inflated. Surstyli symmetrical, long in ventral view, almost as long as epandrium, with rounded apex and fused with epandrium. Phallic guide short, with parallel sides in ventral view. Basal processes of phallus very long, surpassing the hypandrium width. Phallus with two very short and pointed apical projections. Description of male. Body length 6.7 mm. Head (Fig. 124). Eyes contiguous for a distance of eighteen facets. F, EM, V = 0.7 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.4 mm. Frontal triangle black, grey-brown pruinose. Face grey pruinose. Postcranium dark, brown pruinose dorsally and grey pruinose laterally and ventrally. Antennae (Fig. 125) with scape dark brown; pedicel dark brown, with three dorsal and five ventral bristles; postpedicel brown with obtuse apex. LPP/WPP = 1.8. Labellum yellowish brown. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe brown, grey-brown pruinose. Scutum and scutellum black with brown pruinescence. Notopleuron concolorous with the scutum, mostly grey pruinose. Mesopleuron dark brown to black, grey pruinose; katatergite and anatergite grey pruinose; mediotergite black, grey-brown pruinose. Wing (Fig. 126). Length 7.4 mm. LW/MWW = 3.6. LTC/LFC = 1. Membrane mostly hyaline except by base slightly darkened. Halter with stem yellowish brown and knob brown. Legs (Fig. 124). All legs dark brown to black, with articulations and bases of the tibiae yellow; all femora and tibiae with dense grey pruinescence on the posterior face. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 127). Slightly longer than wide. Dark brown to black with brown pruinescence, all tergites with interrupted bands of grey pruinescence posterolaterally. Tergite 6 and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 129. Syntergosternite 8 grey-brown pruinose; about 0.7× length of tergite 5 (Fig. 127), with a large circular membranous area (Figs 130–131). Terminalia. Epandrium yellowish brown, not distinctly inflated (Fig. 131). Surstyli (Fig. 131) yellowish brown, symmetrical, long in dorsal view, almost as long as epandrium, with rounded apex and fused with epandrium; in lateral view, not elongated ventrally, with distinct curvature near base (Figs 132–133). Phallic guide (Figs 134–136) short, almost as long as hypandrium; with somewhat parallel sides in ventral view. Basal processes of phallus very large, surpassing hypandrium width (Fig. 134). Phallus (Figs 134, 136–137) with two sclerotized very small and pointed projections apically (Fig. 137). Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 136. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BRASIL, AM [azonas], Manaus, ZF2, Km-14, 02°35'21"S, 60°06'55"W, 16– 30.ix.2016, Malaise grande 18 m na torre, J. A. Rafael & F. F. Xavier-Filho ” “ D. Marques Specimen #00605” “DW0359” “ Holotype ♂, Amazunculus manauara Marques, Skevington & Rafael ” (INPA) (Fig. 128). Holotype condition. Left wing detached, mounted on microslide. Right hind leg glued on label. Terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin. Etymology. The specific epithet ‘ manauara ’ refers to people born in the city of Manaus, the type-locality. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from the type locality, Amazonas, Brazil (Fig. 183). Habitat. This species was collected in a tropical rainforest reserve in Central Amazon, with a Malaise trap mounted at 18 m height in a metallic tower.Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A., Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Rafael, José A., 2019, Revision of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae), with description of six new species, pp. 439-472 in Zootaxa 4577 (3) on pages 460-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/263224
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