10,530 research outputs found
Macrostomus amazonensis Rafael & Marques, 2019, sp. nov.
No full textMacrostomus amazonensis species-group Macrostomus falcatus sp. nov. belongs in the M. amazonensis species-group as described by Rafael & Cumming (2015) with the following characters: 1 pair of proclinate ocellar setae; no postsutural supra-alar seta; wing mainly hyaline with apical margin brown infuscate; tergite 8 short, not projected posteriorly; epandrium without anterodorsal cleft; cercal bridge small; posterior cercus elongate, simple, upwardly directed; ejaculatory apodeme with very short dorsal lamella.Published as part of Rafael, José Albertino & Marques, Dayse Willkenia Almeida, 2019, Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia, pp. 251-275 in Zootaxa 4567 (2) on page 264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/259493
Clistoabdominalis mitarakensis Marques & Rafael 2019
No full textClistoabdominalis mitarakensis Marques & Rafael, n. sp. (Fig. 3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 42AADBEE-04EC-418D-8445-B8AD2D2414CF TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Guyane, ♂, Mitaraka, MIT-DZ, drop zone, 02°14’01.8”N, 54°27’01.0”W, 306 m a.s.l., 24.II.2015 - 10. III.2015, LT, leg. Julien Touroult, sample code: MITARAKA/115, “ Holotype ♂, Clistoabdominalis mitarakensis Marques & Rafael ”, MNHN. HOLOTYPE CONDITION. — Right wing detached, mounted on microslide. Terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin. Both attached to pinned holotype specimen. ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name refers to the type locality, Mitaraka, French Guiana. GEOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. — French Guiana (Mitaraka). DIAGNOSIS. — Antenna dark brown to black, postpedicel acute. Legs predominantly dark brown to black. Wing brown infuscate. Tergite 1 entirely gray pruinosity; tergites 2-5 velvety black basally, gray brown pruinosity more distinct posterolaterally. Syntergosternite 8 with small membranous area. Surstyli symmetrical, curved inwards apically. Phallus trifid, short ramified. Ejaculatory apodeme very large, almost 2 times as long as hypandrium. Female unknown. DESCRIPTION OF MALE HOLOTYPE Body length 3.5 mm. Head (Fig. 3 A) Eyes contiguous for a distance of sixteen facets. Frontal triangle and face brown pruinose. Postcranium dark, with dark brown pruinosity. Antenna (Fig. 3 B) with scape black; pedicel dark brown to black, with four dorsal and two ventral bristles; postpedicel dark brown with acute apex. Thorax Postpronotal lobe brown. Scutum dark brown to black, with brown pruinosity. Notopleuron brown, with sixteen weak bris- tles. Scutellum dark brown to black, with brown pruinosity and inconspicuous bristles. Mesopleuron and mediotergite dark brown to black, with brown pruinosity. Wing (Fig. 3 C) Length 4.2 mm, almost 3 times as long as wide. Membrane slightly brown infuscate. Third costal section 1.2 times as long as fourth costal section. Vein r-m near middle of cell dm. Vein dm-m somewhat straight. Halter brown. Legs (Fig. 3 A) Predominantly dark brown to black, with femuro-tibial and tibio-tarsal articulation somewhat yellow, setae black. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 3 D) Tergite 1 entirely gray pruinose with six small black lateral setae; tergites 2-5 velvety black basally with gray brown pruinosity posterolaterally; syntergosternite 8 (Figs 3 D-F) almost ½ as long as tergite 5, with small membranous area (Fig. 3 F). Terminalia Epandrium and surstyli brown (Fig. 3 E). Surstylus (Fig. 3 E) symmetrical, curved inwards apically; truncated in lateral view (Fig. 3 G, H). Gonopods symmetrical (Fig. 3 I). Phallic guide (Fig. 3 I, J) simple, narrow. Phallus trifid, short ramified with ducts distinctly separated only in distal 1/3 and each duct with a small subapical projection (Fig. 3 I, J). Ejaculatory apodeme very large, almost 2 times as long as hypandrium (Fig. 3 I). REMARKS Clistoabdominalis Skevington is easily distinguishable from the other genera of Eudorylini by the following features (Skevington 2001; Skevington & Yeates 2001): tergite 1 with lateral fan of setae absent or minute; syntergostemite 8 swollen, partially to entirely fused; membranous area of syntergosternite 8 usually absent and if present, very small; hypandrium deflected left at nearly 90° to phallic guide; phallus trifid, with ducts distinctly separated only in distal 1/3 and ejaculatory apodeme large, with a swollen basal rosette. Clistoabdominalis mitarakensis Marques & Rafael, n. sp. does not fit all generic characters as the syntergosternite 8 is not swollen, but as it fits most of the Clistoabdominalis characters: (the size and shape of the hypandrium, phallus and ejaculatory apodeme), it is tentatively placed in Clistoabdominalis.Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A., Rafael, José A. & Pollet, Marc, 2019, First records of Pipunculidae (Diptera) from French Guiana, with the description of a new species, pp. 249-258 in Zoosystema 41 (13) on page 254, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a13, http://zenodo.org/record/372245
Macrostomus contortus Rafael & Marques 2021, sp. nov.
No full textMacrostomus contortus sp. nov. (Figs 3A–N) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 10A5A05A-A455-465A-AD22-AA91E9B6F455 Diagnosis. Male. Postcranium with upper postocular third shiny with no pruinescence; thorax, legs and abdomen mainly shiny yellow; mid femur slightly clavate; hind femur distinctly crooked (sinuose) medially, with denser short, stout dorsal and ventral setae at curved area; tergite 8 subrectangular, with wide posterior sinus; epandrium with anterodorsal and posterodorsal lobes of equal height; posterior cercus sickle-shaped, upwardly directed. Description. Holotype male (Fig. 3A). Body length 3.0 mm; wing length 3.3 mm. Head dichoptic. Frons shiny black, narrower than anterior ocellus width, narrowing ventrally. One pair of proclinate ocellar setae. Face as wide as frons ventrally, less shiny black than frons, slightly gray pruinose. Postcranium shiny black, sparsely gray pruinose, except upper postocular third with no pruinescence. Inner vertical seta stouter than ocellar and outer vertical setae, latter subequal in length to uniseriate postocular row of setae. Gena with 2–3 setae and postgena with no distinct seta. Antenna velvety black with postpedicel short setulose. Proboscis mainly yellow. Palpus brown to black. Thorax (Figs 3A, B) shiny yellow, yellow brown pruinose mainly on postpronotal and postalar calli, and on scutellum. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 5 antepronotals; 1 postpronotal stout and 1–2 minute; 4 dorsocentrals, with posterior pair stouter; 1 presutural supra-alar; 0 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar stout, 1 minute; 2 proepisternals; 1 notopleural stout, 1 weaker and 1 minute; 3 pairs of scutellars, outer pair weaker; 4 laterotergitals, ventral one weaker. Legs (Figs 3A, C) shiny yellow with apex of hind femur and apex of hind tibia black; fore and mid tarsi brown, hind tarsus black. Mid femur slightly clavate when seen in dorsal view, with short posteroventral row of spines at distal third. Hind femur (Fig. 3C) distinctly crooked (sinuose), with dense patch of short, stout dorsal and ventral setae at curved area. Hind tibia with 4 slender dorsal setae along entire length. Hind tarsomere 1 with 3 longer dorsal setae. Wing (Figs 3A, B) brown infuscate along costal cell and apices of cells r 1 and r 2+3. Veins M 1, M 2 and CuA+CuP evanescent. Distal section of vein M 4 longer than vein dm–m length. Cell dm with apex variable, right wing somewhat projected (Fig. 3A), left wing somewhat truncate (Fig. 3B). Halter light brown. Abdomen shiny yellow. Tergite 8 (Fig. 3E) subrectangular, with shallow basal sinus and wide distal sinus. Sternite 8 (Fig. 3F) with deep U-shaped basal sinus, without distinct posterolateral saddle-shaped projection. Tergite and sternite 8 (Fig. 3G) narrowly articulated. Epandrium (Fig. 3H) without anterodorsal cleft, neither anteroventral cleft, anterodorsal and posterodorsal lobes of same height. Anterior cercus (Figs 3I, J) subrectangular with posterodorsal angle slightly acute, inward curved (Fig. 3I). Cercal bridge emarginate dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 3J). Median cercus (Fig. 3I) narrow, somewhat flattened, with slender marginal setae. Posterior cercus (Fig. 3I) wider basally, with two small setae on basal lateral expansion, apex upwardly directed, simple, acuminate distally. Ventral projection of cercus with distinct lobe bearing 4–5 setae, fused medially forming weakly sclerotized plate (Fig. 3K). Dorsal hypoproctal lobe large, setulose (Fig. 3K); ventral hypoproctal lobe small, inconspicuous. Hypandrium (Figs 3L, M) slightly wider distally in lateral view, with five posterior setae (broken) and apex backward curved; posterior margin forming keel ending in laterally expanded flattened apex in posterior view (Fig. 3M). Ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 3L) with dorsal lamella noticeably short. Phallus as long as hypandrium. Female. Unknown. Geographical records. Peru (Cuzco). Type Material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ PERU, Cusco, Quincemil, Pte [Puente] La Cigarra, 13º08′27″S – 70º23′14″W, 350 m ” / “ 01.ix.2012, sweep, JA Rafael, RR Cavichioli” / “ Holotype ♂ Macrostomus contortus Rafael & Marques ” (Fig. 3N) (MUSM). Holotype condition. Pinned, in good condition; abdomen dissected. Etymology. From Latin contortus = crooked, sinuose, in reference to the shape of the hind femur. Remarks. Macrostomus contortus sp. nov. appears closely related to M. falcatus Rafael & Marques, 2019 described from Bolivia, by tergite 8 subrectangular, posterior cercus sickle-shaped upwardly directed and ejaculatory apodeme with very short dorsal lamella. It differs by thorax shiny yellow (versus shiny black in M. falcatus), hind femur distinctly crooked medially (versus straight), tergite 8 with deep distal sinus (versus no distal sinus), cercal bridge small, somewhat flat, not upward directed (versus upward directed, L-shaped), apex of hypandrium well sclerotized (versus apex somewhat membranous). It runs to couplet 1 of M. albicaudatus Rafael & Cumming, 2015 in the key presented by Rafael & Cumming (2015), by the yellow thorax, but it differs by tergite 8 with deep distal sinus (versus shallow distal sinus in M. albicaudatus), posterodorsal lobe of epandrium as high as anterodorsal lobe (versus posterodorsal lobe higher).Published as part of Rafael, José Albertino & Marques, Dayse Willkenia A., 2021, Four new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae s. str (Diptera) from Peru, pp. 506-530 in Zootaxa 4981 (3) on pages 509-511, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/492134
Amazunculus manauara Marques & Skevington & Rafael 2019, sp. nov.
No full textAmazunculus manauara Marques, Skevington & Rafael, sp. nov. Figs 124–137 http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 1CC5E0E8-AD60-4654-BA22-3A4455DC3296 Diagnosis. Antenna dark brown. Wing base slightly darkened. Epandrium not inflated. Surstyli symmetrical, long in ventral view, almost as long as epandrium, with rounded apex and fused with epandrium. Phallic guide short, with parallel sides in ventral view. Basal processes of phallus very long, surpassing the hypandrium width. Phallus with two very short and pointed apical projections. Description of male. Body length 6.7 mm. Head (Fig. 124). Eyes contiguous for a distance of eighteen facets. F, EM, V = 0.7 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.4 mm. Frontal triangle black, grey-brown pruinose. Face grey pruinose. Postcranium dark, brown pruinose dorsally and grey pruinose laterally and ventrally. Antennae (Fig. 125) with scape dark brown; pedicel dark brown, with three dorsal and five ventral bristles; postpedicel brown with obtuse apex. LPP/WPP = 1.8. Labellum yellowish brown. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe brown, grey-brown pruinose. Scutum and scutellum black with brown pruinescence. Notopleuron concolorous with the scutum, mostly grey pruinose. Mesopleuron dark brown to black, grey pruinose; katatergite and anatergite grey pruinose; mediotergite black, grey-brown pruinose. Wing (Fig. 126). Length 7.4 mm. LW/MWW = 3.6. LTC/LFC = 1. Membrane mostly hyaline except by base slightly darkened. Halter with stem yellowish brown and knob brown. Legs (Fig. 124). All legs dark brown to black, with articulations and bases of the tibiae yellow; all femora and tibiae with dense grey pruinescence on the posterior face. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 127). Slightly longer than wide. Dark brown to black with brown pruinescence, all tergites with interrupted bands of grey pruinescence posterolaterally. Tergite 6 and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 129. Syntergosternite 8 grey-brown pruinose; about 0.7× length of tergite 5 (Fig. 127), with a large circular membranous area (Figs 130–131). Terminalia. Epandrium yellowish brown, not distinctly inflated (Fig. 131). Surstyli (Fig. 131) yellowish brown, symmetrical, long in dorsal view, almost as long as epandrium, with rounded apex and fused with epandrium; in lateral view, not elongated ventrally, with distinct curvature near base (Figs 132–133). Phallic guide (Figs 134–136) short, almost as long as hypandrium; with somewhat parallel sides in ventral view. Basal processes of phallus very large, surpassing hypandrium width (Fig. 134). Phallus (Figs 134, 136–137) with two sclerotized very small and pointed projections apically (Fig. 137). Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 136. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BRASIL, AM [azonas], Manaus, ZF2, Km-14, 02°35'21"S, 60°06'55"W, 16– 30.ix.2016, Malaise grande 18 m na torre, J. A. Rafael & F. F. Xavier-Filho ” “ D. Marques Specimen #00605” “DW0359” “ Holotype ♂, Amazunculus manauara Marques, Skevington & Rafael ” (INPA) (Fig. 128). Holotype condition. Left wing detached, mounted on microslide. Right hind leg glued on label. Terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin. Etymology. The specific epithet ‘ manauara ’ refers to people born in the city of Manaus, the type-locality. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from the type locality, Amazonas, Brazil (Fig. 183). Habitat. This species was collected in a tropical rainforest reserve in Central Amazon, with a Malaise trap mounted at 18 m height in a metallic tower.Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A., Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Rafael, José A., 2019, Revision of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae), with description of six new species, pp. 439-472 in Zootaxa 4577 (3) on pages 460-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/263224
Elmohardyia rosalinae Marques & Rafael, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textElmohardyia rosalinae sp. nov. Figs 163–181 Diagnosis. Tergite 2 almost entirely gray pruinose, except for three brown pruinose spots. Sternite 6 with three sclerotized thorn-like projections, basal one longest. Surstyli asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed, with outward curved apex, about 2 X longer than right surstylus. Right gonopod longer than left one. Phallic guide with one bifid additional process. Description of male holotype. (Fig. 163). Body length. 4.3 mm. Head. Eyes contiguous for a distance of eighteen facets. F, EM, V = 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm. Frontal triangle and face gray pruinose. Postcranium dark, brown pruinose dorsally and gray pruinose laterally and ventrally. Antennae (Fig. 164) with scape dark brown; pedicel dark brown, with two dorsal and three ventral bristles; postpedicel dark brown on basal one third, remaining yellow. LPP/WPP = 2.3. Labellum brown. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe dark yellow, gray pruinose. Scutum dark brown to black, gray-brown pruinose. Notopleuron dark brown, gray pruinose with eight weak bristles. Scutellum dark brown to black, gray pruinose, with inconspicuous bristles. Mesopleuron and mediotergite dark brown, gray pruinose. Wing (Fig. 165). Length 4.5 mm. LW/MWW = 3.4. LTC/LFC = 1.6. Membrane hyaline, almost entirely covered with microtrichia, except for cells bc, c, sc, basal half of r 1, small basal area of r 2 + 3 and r 4 + 5, br, bm, basal half of cup and basal one third of anal lobe without or with very sparse microtrichia. Vein r-m placed just before basal third of cell dm. Vein dm-cu straight. Halter brown with middle part of stem yellow. Legs (Fig. 163). Coxae dark brown to black, gray pruinose. Trochanters yellow. Femora brown with base and apex yellow, entirely gray pruinose posteriorly. Tibiae yellow, gray pruinose. Tarsi dark yellow to brown, except fifth tarsomere darker or entirely black. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen. (Fig. 166). Dark brown to black, gray pruinose on tergite 1, almost entirely on tergite 2, except for two brown pruinose spots anterolaterally and a small spot medially; gray pruinose posterolaterally on tergites 3–5; tergite 1 with three stout bristles laterally. Tergite and sternite 6 as in Fig. 167. Sternite 6 (Figs 168, 169) with three sclerotized spine-like projections, basal one longest. Syntergosternite 8 dark brown to black, shorter than tergite 5, gray pruinose (Fig. 166) and with large membranous area (Fig. 170). Terminalia. Epandrium and surstyli (Fig. 171) yellow. Surstyli (Figs 171–172) asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed, apex curved outward, about 2 X longer than right surstylus, with basal lobe; lateral view as in Fig. 173. Right surstylus with acute apex in lateral view (Fig. 174). Subepandrial sclerite as in Fig. 175. Right gonopod longer than left one (Fig. 176). Phallic guide (Figs 177–178) with one additional bifid process; dorsal view as in the Fig. 179. Phallus with inconspicuous subapical spicule (Fig. 180). Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 181. Female unknown. Variation (paratype). Body length 4.4 mm. Wing length 4.6 mm. Sternite 6 with basal protuberance longer than in the holotype specimen. Type Material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BRASIL, PI[auí], Guaribas, Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões, Andorinha, 515 m, 09°08' 27.8 "S, 43 ° 33 ' 42.1 "W ” “Armadilha de Malaise, 01– 10.ix. 2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeirade-Oliveira & T.T.A. Silva cols [collectors]”. “ Holotype ♂, Elmohardyia rosalinae Marques & Rafael ” (CZMA). PARATYPE: idem, 20–30.ix. 2013 (1 ♂ INPA). Holotype condition. Left wing detached, mounted on microslide. Terminalia placed in microvial with glycerin. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Rosalina da Silva, a great friend and a “second mother” of the first author. Distribution. Brazil: Piauí (Caatinga Biome). Discussion. Elmohardyia rosalinae sp. nov. is close to E. valida Menezes & Rafael due to sternite 6 with thorn-like protuberances, left surstylus with outward curved apex and longer than right surstylus, and by the similar shape of the phallic guide. Elmohardyia rosalinae sp. nov. differs from E. valida by tergites 3–5 being gray pruinose posterolaterally (only on tergite 5 in E. valida), and by sternite 6 with three protuberances (only two in E. valida).Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A. & Rafael, José A., 2015, Elmohardyia Rafael (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from northeastern Brazil: new records and description of new species, pp. 301-327 in Zootaxa 3972 (3) on pages 321-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23645
Elmohardyia martae Marques & Rafael, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textElmohardyia martae sp. nov. Figs 114–129 Diagnosis. Tergite 2 with narrow basal gray pruinose band and two posterolateral gray pruinose spots. Sternite 6 with two subapical protuberances. Surstyli asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed with apex greatly expanded, about 3 X longer than right surstylus. Right gonopod strongly developed, reaching to the apex of the phallic guide. Phallic guide simple. Phallus with strongly developed subapical spicule. Description of male holotype. (Fig. 114). Body length 4.6 mm. Head. Eyes contiguous for a distance of twenty facets. F, EM, V = 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.3 mm. Frontal triangle and face gray pruinose. Postcranium dark, gray-brown pruinose dorsally and gray pruinose laterally and ventrally. Antennae (Fig. 115) with scape dark brown to black; pedicel dark brown to black, with five dorsal and four ventral bristles; postpedicel dark brown, lighter towards margin. LPP/WPP = 2. Labellum dark yellow. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe brown, brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown to black, brown pruinose. Notopleuron brown, gray-brown pruinose with twelve weak bristles. Scutellum dark brown to black, brown pruinose, with inconspicuous bristles. Mesopleuron and mediotergite dark brown, gray pruinose. Wing. (Fig. 116). Length 4.8 mm. LW/MWW = 3.3. LTC/LFC = 1.4. Membrane somewhat hyaline; almost entirely covered with microtrichia, except for cells bc, basal half of c, basal three quarters of sc, basal one third of r 1, br, small basal area and superior part of bm, basal two thirds of cup and basal one third of anal lobe without or with greatly reduced microtrichia. Vein r-m placed just before basal third of cell dm. Vein dm-cu straight. Halter brown, except for black knob. Legs. (Fig. 114). Coxae dark brown to black, gray pruinose. Trochanters dark yellow. Femora dark brown to black with base and apex yellow, entirely gray pruinose posteriorly. Tibiae dark yellow with distal one third brown, gray pruinose. Tarsi brown, except fifth tarsomere darker or entirely black. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen. (Fig. 117). Dark brown, gray pruinose on tergite 1, on narrow basal band of tergite 2 and on posterolateral spots on tergites 2–5; tergite 1 with three stout dark brown bristles laterally. Tergite 6 and sternites 6, 7 as in Fig. 118. Sternite 6 (Fig. 119) with two asymmetrical subapical protuberances. Syntergosternite 8 dark brown, slightly shorter than tergite 5, brown pruinose anteriorly, gray pruinose posteriorly (Fig. 117) and with large membranous area (Fig. 120). Terminalia. Epandrium and surstyli yellow (Fig. 121). Surstyli (Figs 121–122) asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed, about 3 X longer than right surstylus; with one small protuberance medially and apex greatly expanded; lateral view as in Fig. 123. Right surstylus with apex curved inward and directed downward (Figs 122, 124). Subepandrial sclerite as in Fig. 125. Right gonopod strongly developed, reaching the level of phallic guide apex (Fig. 126). Phallic guide simple, without additional process (Figs 127, 128). Phallus with strongly developed spicule (Fig. 127). Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 129. Female unknown. Variation (paratype). Body length 4.2 mm. Wing length 4.4 mm. Type Material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BRASIL, MA[ranhão], Caxias, Res.[erva] Ecol.[ógica] Inhamum” “Armadilha Malaise, 23–27.ii. 2005, G.A. Cunha, cols [collectors]” “ Holotype ♂, Elmohardyia martae Marques & Rafael ” (CZMA). PARATYPE: idem, Carolina, Serra Grande, 07°04' 28 "S, 47 ° 24 ' 12 "W, 13.xii. 2011, Arm. Malaise, F.L. Oliveira & J. Vidal (1 ♂ INPA). Holotype condition. Left wing detached, mounted on microslide. Terminalia placed in microvial with glycerin. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Marta Maria Almeida Marques, mother of the first author. Distribution. Brazil: Maranhão (Cerrado Biome). Discussion. Elmohardyia martae sp. nov. is close to E. quadricornis sp. nov. due to the strongly developed right gonopod, almost reaching to the apex of the phallic guide, and the phallus with a long subapical spicule. Elmohardyia martae sp. nov. differs from E. quadricornis sp. nov. by the somewhat triangular apex of the left surstylus (somewhat subquadrangular in E. quadricornis sp. nov.), the simple phallic guide (two additional processes present in E. quadricornis sp. nov.) and the subapical spicule being simple apically (being bifid apically in E. quadricornis sp. nov.).Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A. & Rafael, José A., 2015, Elmohardyia Rafael (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from northeastern Brazil: new records and description of new species, pp. 301-327 in Zootaxa 3972 (3) on pages 314-317, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23645
Amazunculus bethoi Marques & Skevington & Rafael 2019, sp. nov.
No full textAmazunculus bethoi Marques, Skevington & Rafael, sp. nov. ( Figs 31–45) http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 177F9871-6CC9-4EA9-A8E7-977C639DC804 Diagnosis. Antenna with scape and pedicel dark brown; postpedicel light brown. Wing with basal third darkened. Epandrium moderately inflated. Surstyli symmetrical, short and slightly pointed at apex in ventral view, fused with epandrium. Phallic guide long, trifid at apex. Basal processes of phallus large, surpassing posterior margin of hypandrium. Phallus with two long and pointed sclerotized projections apically. Description of male. Body length 8.4 mm. Head (Fig. 31). Eyes contiguous for a distance of eighteen facets. F, EM, V = 0.6 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.4 mm. Frontal triangle brown pruinose. Face grey pruinose. Postcranium dark, brown pruinose dorsally and grey pruinose laterally and ventrally. Antennae (Fig. 32) with scape dark brown; pedicel dark brown, with four dorsal and six ventral bristles; postpedicel light brown with apex rounded below. LPP/WPP = 1.6. Labellum brown. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe dark brown, brown pruinose. Scutum and scutellum dark brown to black with brown pruinescence. Notopleuron concolorous with the scutum, brown pruinose. Mesopleuron black, brown pruinose, except the anepisternum with grey pruinescence anterodorsally in certain lights; katatergite with sparse grey pruinescence, anatergite brown pruinose; mediotergite black with brown pruinescence. Wing (Fig. 33). Length 7.7 mm. LW/MWW = 3.3. LTC/LFC = 1.5. Membrane mostly hyaline except by basal third brown darkened. Halter with stem light brown and knob dark brown. Legs (Fig. 31). All legs dark brown to black, except apices of trochanters, apices of the femora and bases of the tibiae yellowish brown; mid femora with dense setae on posterior face; femora with brown pruinescense on posterior face. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 34). Slightly wider than long. Black, all tergites with dark brown pruinescence anteriorly and interrupted bands of light brown pruinescence posteriorly. Tergites 6, 7 and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 36. Syntergosternite 8 mostly brown pruinose; about 0.4× length of tergite 5 (Fig. 34) and with a relatively small, circular membranous area (Fig. 37). Terminalia. Epandrium and surstyli yellowish brown (Figs 38–39). Surstyli (Figs 38–39) symmetrical, slightly pointed at apex, fused with epandrium, distinctly projected ventrally and surpassing the lateral margins of epandrium in lateral view (Figs 40–41). Phallic guide (Figs 42–44) long, about 1.6× the hypandrium length; trifid at apex and with a pronounced medial curvature in lateral view (Fig. 44).Basal processes of phallus large, surpassing posterior margin of hypandrium, slightly wider than hypandrium (Fig. 42). Phallus (Figs 44–45) with two sclerotized long and pointed projections apically. Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 45. Female. Unknown. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BRASIL, Amazonas, Carauari, 5°04'31"S 67°10'11"W, vii. 2005, Malaise em igarapé” “ A. Henriques & [F. F.] Xavier-Filho leg.” “DW0108” “ Holotype ♂, Amazunculus bethoi Marques, Skevington & Rafael ” (INPA) (Fig. 35). Holotype condition. Right wing detached, mounted on microslide, left mid leg lost. Terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin. Etymology. Patronymic, this new species is dedicated to the first author’s father, Zilberto Marques F. da Silva (in memoriam), whose nickname was Betho. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from the type locality, Amazonas, Brazil (Fig. 182). Habitat. This new species was collected in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, with a Malaise trap at ground level.Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A., Skevington, Jeffrey H. & Rafael, José A., 2019, Revision of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae), with description of six new species, pp. 439-472 in Zootaxa 4577 (3) on pages 445-449, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/263224
Macrostomus hyalopteryx Rafael & Marques 2021, sp. nov.
No full textMacrostomus hyalopteryx sp. nov. (Figs 11A–L) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 19FF4851-EC1E-448F-B3EE-D19993590595 Diagnosis. Male. Postcranium narrow. Thorax shiny black contrasting with legs mainly yellow; wing entirely hyaline; abdomen shiny black with blue reflection in certain angle of light incidence; tergite 8 with a stout short-rounded projection posteriorly; epandrium posterodorsal lobe with 2 short, stout spine-like setae distally. Description. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 11A). Body length 2.7 mm; wing length 2.9 mm. Head narrowly dichoptic. Frons shiny black, slightly narrower than anterior ocellus width. One pair of proclinate ocellar setae. Face shiny black, as wider as frons width. Postcranium narrow, shiny black with inconspicuous gray pruinosity. Inner vertical seta stout; outer vertical seta apparently broken; postocular row of setae uniseriate; occipital setae slightly shorter than postoculars and restricted to dorsal half. Gena and postgena with 2 minute setae each. Antenna dark brown to black. Proboscis mainly yellow, darker basally, as long as head height. Palpus dark brown to black. Thorax (Fig. 11A) shiny black with gray pruinosity on level of scuto-scutellar suture, entire scutellum and on laterotergite. Mediotergite shiny black. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 3 antepronotals, 1 stout postpronotal, 2 tiny; 4 dorsocentrals; 1 supra-alar presutural; 1 supra-alar postsutural (broken); 1 postalar; 1–2 tiny proepisternals; 2 stouter notopleurals, 1 weaker; 2 pairs of scutellars; 4–5 laterotergitals. Legs (Fig. 11A) predominantly shiny yellow with ventral shiny black spot on all trochanters, extreme apices of all femora, distal half of fore and mid tibiae, distal 3/4 of hind tibia and all tarsi brown to black. Legs longer setae: Fore tibia with 1 dorsal at basal third, 1 ventral at apex; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal at basal third, 1 ventral at apex; hind tibia with 5 longer dorsal setae with 1 at basal fourth, 2 submedian, 2 at distal forth, latter two setae stouter; hind tarsomere 1 with longer setae distally and 3–4 ventrally. Wing (Fig. 11A) entirely hyaline without brown infuscation. Veins M 1 and M 2 weaker; vein CuA+CuP evanescent; distal section of vein M 4 almost 3X longer than vein dm–m; cell dm somewhat shortened and truncate (Fig. 11A). Halter yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 11B) shiny black with blue reflection at certain angles. Tergites with posterior setae longer. Postabdomen shiny black. Tergite 8 (Fig. 11D) in dorsal view with stout, short-rounded projection posteriorly, with 4–5 longer setae surrounding and including projection, basally with inconspicuous basal sinus; in lateral view (Figs 11C, F) hat-shaped, with apex somewhat truncate and distal margin backward projected with distinct membranous connection with cercal bridge. Sternite 8 (Figs 11C, E) with wide basal sinus, without saddle-shaped protuberance and loosely connected posterolaterally with respective tergite. Epandrium (Fig. 11F) with longer setae posteriorly and posterodorsally; posterodorsal lobe higher than anterodorsal lobe, with 1 subapical and 1 apical short, stout seta; no transverse sclerite between anterodorsal lobe of epandrium and anterior cercus. Epandrium without anterodorsal cleft, with deep anteroventral cleft. Anterior cercus (Figs 11G, H) well sclerotized, upwardly directed, multilobate, with longer setae on distal half; in lateral view (Fig. 11G) with distinct acuminate projection posteriorly; in anterodorsal view (Fig. 11H) C-shaped, with stout medial process of anterior cercus. Median cercus (Fig. 11G) small, somewhat flattened, with dorsal and posterior uniseriate row of marginal setae. Posterior cercus (Fig. 11G) smaller than median cercus, somewhat membranous, with 2 longer marginal setae. Ventral projection of cercus (Figs 11G, I) wider and less sclerotized dorsally, stouter and projected ventrally, parallel sided to each other, with distinct posterior setae medially on more sclerotized area (Fig. 11I). Dorsal and ventral hypoproctal lobes (Fig. 11I) somewhat connected, both short setose. Hypandrium expanded laterally at connection point with epandrium (Fig. 11K); gonocoxal apodeme wide (Fig. 11J); hypandrium microsetulose posteriorly and posterior branch distinctly sinuose (Fig. 11J, black arrow). Ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 11J) trilamellar with ventral lamella reduced. Phallus same length as hypandrium. Female. Unknown Geographical records. Peru (Cuzco). Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “ PERU, Cuzco, Ttio, 13º31′35.5″S – 70º53′55″W, 2000 m, 25.viii.2012 ” / “sweep, JA Rafael, RR Cavichioli, DM Takiya” / “ Holotype ♂, Macrostomus hyalopteryx Rafael & Marques ” (Fig. 11L) (MUSM). Holotype condition. Pinned, double mounted. Right wing lost. Abdomen dissected, stored in microvial with glycerin. Etymology. From the Greek hyalos = hyaline, transparent and pteryx = wing, which refers to the wing entirely hyaline. Remarks. Characters allowing a well-founded species-group placement are presently not available for M. hyalopteryx sp. nov. It appears to be related to M. trilineatus Rafael & Marques, 2019, described from Bolivia, as both species share the narrow postcranium, shape of male tergite 8 with short projection distally, with apex rounded and when seen in lateral view with distinct ventral keel connected to cercal bridge, multilobate anterior cercus, epandrium with stout setae distally and by the ventral projection of the cercus projected ventrally, each branch parallel sided to each other, with distinct posterior setae medially. It differs by the thorax entirely shiny black (versus thorax shiny yellow with three longitudinal black stripes on mesonotum in M. trilineatus), wing entirely hyaline (versus wing light brown infuscate along costal margin, darker at pterostigma), abdomen shiny black with blue reflection at certain angles (versus abdomen shiny black, except basal sternites yellow, without blue reflection), epandrium posterodorsal lobe with two short, stout setae distally (versus posterodorsal lobe with two stouter, spatulate apical spine–like setae besides other slender setae). At a glance, this species is somewhat similar to species of Porphyrochroa Melander by the abdominal blue reflection and short cell dm. However, it presents all other defining characters of Macrostomus species.Published as part of Rafael, José Albertino & Marques, Dayse Willkenia A., 2021, Four new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae s. str (Diptera) from Peru, pp. 506-530 in Zootaxa 4981 (3) on pages 520-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/492134
Elmohardyia Rafael 1987
No full textElmohardyia Rafael, 1987 Elmohardyia (Rafael 1987: 37, Figs 9–13, description; 1988: 224, Figs 1–168, revision). Pipunculus (Cresson 1911: 282, 323, group I, part.). Dorilas (Hardy 1943: 54, part.; Aczél 1952: 240, part.). Eudorylas (Aczél 1952: 242, part.). Pipunculus (Eudorylas) (Hardy 1965 a: 206, part.; 1965 b: 25, part.; 1965 c: 552, part.; 1966: 2, part.).Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A. & Rafael, José A., 2015, Elmohardyia Rafael (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from northeastern Brazil: new records and description of new species, pp. 301-327 in Zootaxa 3972 (3) on page 304, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23645
Macrostomus unilineatus Rafael & Marques 2021, sp. nov.
No full textMacrostomus unilineatus sp. nov. (Figs 13A–P, 14A–D) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 71FB5F63-EAE2-4443-992D-6BB262A4CFEF Diagnosis. Male. Thorax shiny yellow with a mid-longitudinal black stripe from pronotum to scutellum, between row of dorsocentral setae; hind tibia with tuft of longer anterodorsal and dorsal setae along distal third; cell bm clearer than adjacent cells; male tergite 8 with a distinct subapical neck in lateral view, basally more sclerotized with deep basal cleft; epandrium with posterodorsal lobe higher than anterodorsal lobe, emitting mesially and posterodorsally a stout and short protuberance with several distal short setae; posterior cercus trifid, all branches yellowish, inwardly curved; ventral projection of cercus downward directed and fused to each other; hypandrium with a distinct membranous area, apex with an elongate pair of less sclerotized spoon-shaped upwardly directed projections. Description. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 13A). Body length 4.6 mm; wing length 5.3 mm. Head narrowly dichoptic (Fig. 13B). Frons shiny black, as wide as width of anterior ocellus. One pair of proclinate ocellar setae. Face slightly narrower than frons width. Postcranium shiny black, sparsely gray pruinose on ventral half, dorsally with 3 pairs of occipital setae. Inner vertical seta stouter than outer vertical seta, latter subequal in length to uniseriate postocular row of setae. Gena with 5 setae and postgena with 2 weak setae. Antenna velvety black with postpedicel short setulose (Fig. 13B). Proboscis around 2X longer than head, dark brown with median third yellow and apical 2/3 of labellum yellow. Palpus black. Thorax (Figs 13A–B) mainly shiny yellow with mid-longitudinal black stripe between dorsocentral setae, from pronotum to posterior margin of mesonotum, wider posteriorly; disc of scutum brown pruinose. Scutellum dark brown to black, brown pruinose. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 4–5 antepronotals; 1 postpronotal stout, 1 minute; 4 dorsocentrals, posterior pair longer, two median pairs approximate to each other; 1 presutural supra-alar; 1 postsutural supra-alar; 1 postalar; 1 proepisternal weak; 1 notopleural stout, 1 weak; 2 pairs of scutellars, outer pair weaker; 5 laterotergitals with 3 setae of anterior row stouter. Legs (Fig. 13A) shiny yellow with apex of fore tibia, apex of mid femur and tibia and hind leg from distal half of femur brown. Fore tarsus with tarsomere 1 brown, tarsomeres 2–4 bicolored, brown, and white; mid and hind tarsi brown. Hind femur slightly clavate. Legs longer setae: fore tibia with 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral at apex; mid tibia with 2 dorsals, being one near middle and one near apex; hind tibia with tuft of longer anterodorsal and dorsal setae along distal third; hind tarsomere 1 with 1 dorsal sub-basal. Wing (Fig. 13A) distinctly brown infuscate along costal margin reaching apex of cell r 4+5; veins M 1, M 2 and CuA+CuP somewhat evanescent distally. Distal section of vein M 4 slightly longer than vein dmm; cell bm clearer than adjacent cells. Cell dm somewhat projected (Fig. 13A). Abdomen (Fig. 13A) shiny black, with terminalia densely setose (Fig. 13C). Tergite 8 in dorsal view (Fig. 13D) with elongate projection distally, notched medially; basally more sclerotized with deep basal cleft; in lateral view (Fig. 13E) with pelican-shaped beak. Sternite 8 (Fig. 13E) connected anterodorsally with tergite 8; in ventral view with distinct anterior sinus and posterodorsal saddle-shaped protuberance (Fig. 13F). Epandrium (Fig. 13G) with inconspicuous anterodorsal cleft and shallow anteroventral excision; posterodorsal lobe higher than anterodorsal lobe; with distinct inward, setose posterodorsal lobe in posterior view (Fig. 13H). Anterior cercus in lateral view (Fig. 13I) upward directed, T-shaped with longer posterior setae, with stout mesial process of anterior cercus fused to each other (Fig. 13L); cercal bridge with small protuberance dorsally (Fig. 13K) and medially with hemi-cordiform plate; this plate, in lateral view, with ventral expansion forming 90º angle (Fig. 13I). Median cercus (Fig. 13I) distinctly acuminate with longer dorsal setae, besides small posterior protuberance with distal seta. Posterior cercus (Figs 13L, M) inwardly curved emitting three branches, each branch with yellow distal setae (Figs 13L, M). Ventral projection of cercus (Fig. 13M) somewhat sinuose, bowl-shaped, fused to each other ventrally. Dorsal hypoproctal lobe larger than ventral one, with longer setae (Fig. 13M). Hypandrium wide with distinct membranous area (Fig. 13N), with longer posterior setae, basal setae uniseriate (Fig. 13O); apex with subapical paired elongate projection less sclerotized, spoon-shaped and upwardly directed (Figs 13N–O). Ejaculatory apodeme (Fig. 13N) tetralamellar, all lamellae subequal in length. Phallus slightly longer than hypandrium. Female. Paratype ♀ (Fig. 14A). Body length 4.7 mm; wing length 5.4 mm. Frons slightly wider than width of anterior ocellus. Face slightly narrower than frons, gray pruinose; fore tarsus brown to black; hind tibia with 2 dorsal setae along distal third; hind tarsus without longer dorsal setae; wing slightly wider. Tergite 8 (Figs 14B, C) with basal and distal sinus. Tergite 9+10 and sternite 10 with basal excision. Cercus cylindrical. Sternite 8 (Figs 14B–C) with deep lateral, less sclerotized area, apex somewhat rounded. Genital fork (Fig. 14D) wide with mid-distal cleft. Genital chamber membranous with two small, weakly sclerotized plates. Geographical record. Peru (Junin). Type Material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂, PARATYPE ♀, same pin, labelled: “ PERU, Junin, Oxapampa, 1700 m ” / “in copula, Oxapampa, 6.iii.[19]79” / “QR code: NHMUK 010864610” / “ Holotype ♂, Paratype ♀, M. unilineatus Rafael & Marques ” (Fig. 13P) (NHMUK). PARATYPE: Same data as holotype, except 8.iii.[19]79 / “QR code: NHMUK 010864611” / “ Paratype ♀ Macrostomus unilineatus Rafael & Marques ” (1 ♀, NHMUK). Holotype condition. Pinned, double mounted. Wing with small broken piece between veins M 4 and CuA+CuP. Abdomen dissected, stored in microvial with glycerin. Etymology. From the Latin uni = one and lineatus = of a line, which refers to the mid-longitudinal black stripe on mesonotum. Remarks. Characters allowing a well-founded species-group placement are presently not available for M. unilineatus sp. nov. It appears to be related with M. trifidus Rafael & Marques, 2019, described from Bolivia, as both species share the shape of tergite 8, distinct posterior inwardly setulose epandrial lobe, posterior cercus trifid, with each branch digitiform distally and hypandrium with a distal structure upwardly directed. It differs by the postcranium without dorsal pruinosity, sparsely gray pruinose on ventral half (versus entirely and sparsely gray pruinose in M. trifidus); scutum with mid-longitudinal black stripe from pronotum to posterior margin of mesonotum (versus scutum without black stripe); one postsutural supra-alar seta (versus 2 postsutural supra-alar setae); hind tibia with distal tuft of around 15 longer dorsal setae (versus 5 longer dorsal setae along entire length); tergite 8 with elongate projection notched medially (versus tergite 8 without notable notch); epandrium with short posterior lobe inwardly directed (versus epandrium with elongate posterior lobe inwardly directed); hypandrium with distinct membranous area, apex with an elongate, less sclerotized spoon-shaped upwardly directed appendix (versus hypandrium without membranous area, apex hooked). Female specimens differ by sternite 8 without ventral keel; sternite 8 without mid-longitudinal, less sclerotized stripe and lateral perpendicular area distinct, desclerotized (versus sternite 8 with distinct ventral keel, distinct desclerotized mid-longitudinal stripe from base to the middle of sternite and without lateral perpendicular desclerotized area in M. trifidus); genital fork wide with U-shaped mid-distal cleft (versus genital fork narrow); and genital chamber with two small sclerites (versus genital chamber without small sclerites).Published as part of Rafael, José Albertino & Marques, Dayse Willkenia A., 2021, Four new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae s. str (Diptera) from Peru, pp. 506-530 in Zootaxa 4981 (3) on pages 523-524, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4981.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/492134
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