1,721,170 research outputs found
Removal of benzoic acid in aqueous solution by Fe(III) homogeneous photocatalysis
No full textThe behaviour of the system Fe(III)/Air/UV–benzoic acid is investigated in the pH range 2.0–5.5 and Fe(III) concentration up to . The oxidation process develops through the establishment of an iron cycle in which HO radicals are produced by Fe(OH)2+ photolysis and the resulting Fe(II) photo-oxidized to Fe(III) by dissolved oxygen. A kinetic model is developed and used to simulate th
Soft theorems from compactification
No full textWe analyze the single subleading soft graviton theorem in (d + 1) dimensions under compactification on S1. This produces the single soft theorems for the graviton, vector and scalar fields in d dimension. For the compactification of 11-dimensional supergravity theory, this gives the soft factorization properties of the single graviton, dilaton and RR 1-form fields in type IIA string theory in ten dimensions. For the case of the soft vector field, we also explicitly check the result obtained from compactification by computing the amplitudes with external massive spin two and massless finite energy states interacting with soft vector field. The former are the Kaluza-Klein excitations of the d + 1 dimensional metric. Describing the interaction of the KK-modes with the vector field at each level by the minimally coupled Fierz-Pauli Lagrangian, we find agreement with the results obtained from the compactification if the gyromagnetic ratio in the minimally coupled Fierz-Pauli Lagrangian is taken to be g =
Neural Network-Based Virtual Measurement of Road Vehicle Wheel Displacements
No full textIn the automotive industry, sensors play a crucial role in enabling the advancement of autonomous vehicles. However, physical sensors often present challenges due to their cost or practical limitations. Consequently, virtual sensors offer a viable and cost-effective alternative, where relevant metrics can be estimated using available data and mathematical models. This paper introduces a virtual sensor designed to measure the vertical displacement of a road vehicle’s wheels, specifically aimed at enhancing the control of the vehicle’s suspension
systems. The virtual sensor utilizes a multi-output neural network to predict the displacements of all four wheels simultaneously. Inputs to the network include longitudinal, lateral, and vertical accelerations from an InertialMeasurement Unit (IMU), along with anti-roll torques from both front and rear anti-roll bars, and currents
in the actuators of active suspensions.Experimental validationwas conducted using data collected from a Range Rover vehicle, demonstrating the efficacy of the virtual sensor in measuring vertical displacements of unsprung masses. Results were assessed through comparison with measurements obtained from a physical sensor, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values confirming the accuracy of the virtual sensor’s estimations
Addressing Integration Challenges in Vehicle Roll and Pitch Estimation Using Neural Networks
No full textEstimation of Lateral Wheel-Rail Contact Forces and Track Irregularities Through a Nonlinear Constrained Estimator
No full textThe running safety of railway vehicles depends on the real-time knowledge of wheel-rail contact interactions. The nonlinear nature of the latter, coupled with the random wear statuses of railway tracks, make difficult their direct measurement. Dedicated sensors are needed, but noise from wheel-rail contact harshness can corrupt measurements.Anonlinear state observer based on a Constrained Unscented Kalman Filter, which allows for constraining the estimated railway vehicle states and parameters, is proposed in the present work to estimate lateral wheel-rail contact forces and moments and identify lateral track irregularities. The developed technique can be applied for monitoring continuously the track conditions through in-service railway vehicles, enhancing control system effectiveness by estimating wheel-rail contact interactions based on measurements provided by onboard sensors
Fe(III) homogeneous photocatalysis for the removal of 1,2-dichlorobenzene in aqueous solution by means UV lamp and solar light
No full text"Oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid by means of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous goethite slurry "
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