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    MRI findings in low grade tumours associated with focal cortical dysplasia

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    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is mandatory to identify the epileptogenic zone in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The correct identification of lesions is essential to obtain good post-surgery seizure control. Low grade tumors (LGT) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) ore common findings in symptomatic TLE, and frequently coexist. The aim of thid study was to identify the MRI characteristics in the diagnosis of FDC associated with LGT. We analyzed 24 subjects with TLE who underwent tailored surgery. They all had LGTs. Two expert neuroradiologists analyzed the imaging data and compared them with histological results, hypothesizing the cases of diagnostic errors in the identification of FCD. We selected three exemplary cases to report the most important causes of errors. An incomplete MRI protocol, the large dimensions of the tumour, infiltration and related oedema were the most important factors limiting MRI accuracy. MRI can be limited by an incomplete protocol. In addition, the presence of an LGT may limit the neuroradiological diagnosis of FCD in the temporal lobe. Advanced MRI techniques could help reveal subtle lesion that eluded a previous imaging inspection

    Quantitative cervical proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of multiple sclerosis.

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    Since some years brain proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was considered a useful technique for evaluating neuronal/axonal damage and demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite frequently disability in MS is related to spinal cord lesions there are few published works on spectroscopy study of cervical diseases because of the technical difficulties limiting the quality of spectroscopy data. Recently we presented a protocol for quantitative cervical spinal cord single voxel MRS with the first mean relative concentrations ratios for NAA, Cr, Cho and mI in a group of ten healthy volunteers using a clinical 3T system. On this study we applied the same acquisition and post-processing protocol to quantify the main CNS metabolites on the cervical spinal cord plaques of a group of 15 MS patients and compared them with the healthy metabolite content
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