104,817 research outputs found
When solving 22-7 is much more difficult than 99-12
No full textCarota A, Marangolo P, Markowitsch HJ, Calabrese P. When solving 22-7 is much more difficult than 99-12. Neurocase. 2013;19(1):54-66.We describe the case of a 69-year-old professor of mathematics (GV) who was examined 2 years after left-hemispheric capsular-thalamic haemorrhage. GV showed disproportionate impairment in subtractions requiring borrowing (22??7). For large subtraction problems without borrowing (99??12) performance was almost flawless. Subtractions with borrowing mostly relied on inadequate attempts to invert subtractions into the corresponding additions (22??7?=?x as 7?+?x?=?22). The hypothesis is advanced that difficulty in the inhibitory components of attention tasks (Stroop test, go-no-go task) might be the responsible factor of his calculation impairment. A deficit in subtractions with borrowing might be related to left-hemispheric damage involving thalamo-cortical connections
The development of autobiographical memory
No full textMarkowitsch HJ, Welzer H. The development of autobiographical memory. Hove, UK: Psychology Press; 2010
Towards solving the riddle of forgetting in functional amnesia: recent advances and current opinions
No full textStaniloiu A, Markowitsch HJ. Towards solving the riddle of forgetting in functional amnesia: recent advances and current opinions. Frontiers in Psychology. 2012;3:403.Remembering the past is a core feature of human beings, enabling them to maintain a sense of wholeness and identity and preparing them for the demands of the future. Forgetting operates in a dynamic neural connection with remembering, allowing the elimination of unnecessary or irrelevant information overload and decreasing interference. Stress and traumatic experiences could affect this connection, resulting in memory disturbances, such as functional amnesia. An overview of clinical, epidemiological, neuropsychological, and neurobiological aspects of functional amnesia is presented, by preponderantly resorting to own data from patients with functional amnesia. Patients were investigated medically, neuropsychologically, and neuroradiologically. A detailed report of a new case is included to illustrate the challenges posed by making an accurate differential diagnosis of functional amnesia, a condition that may encroach on the boundaries between psychiatry and neurology. Several mechanisms may play a role in "forgetting" in functional amnesia, such as retrieval impairments, consolidating defects, motivated forgetting, deficits in binding and reassembling details of the past, deficits in establishing a first person autonoetic connection with personal events, and loss of information. In a substantial number of patients, we observed a synchronization abnormality between a frontal lobe system, important for autonoetic consciousness, and a temporo-amygdalar system, important for evaluation and emotions, which provides empirical support for an underlying mechanism of dissociation (a failure of integration between cognition and emotion). This observation suggests a mnestic blockade in functional amnesia that is triggered by psychological or environmental stress and is underpinned by a stress hormone mediated synchronization abnormality during retrieval between processing of affect-laden events and fact-processing
Remote memory after basal forebrain damage
No full textBabinsky R, Markowitsch HJ, Engel H. Remote memory after basal forebrain damage. NEUROPSYCHIATRY NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY. 1998;11(2):106-107
Biological psychology 2010 - Visions of the future in the field of psychology - Commentary
No full textInstinkt, Prägung, und frühes Lernen
No full textBischof H-J. Instinkt, Prägung, und frühes Lernen. In: Irle E, Markowitsch H-J, eds. Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, Themenbereich C, Serie I, Bd. 3: Vergleichende Psychobiologie. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 1998: 307-372
Social cognition in a case of amnesia with neurodevelopmental mechanisms
No full textStaniloiu A, Borsutzky S, Woermann FG, Markowitsch HJ. Social cognition in a case of amnesia with neurodevelopmental mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychology. 2013;4:342.Episodic–autobiographical memory (EAM) is considered to emerge gradually in concert with the development of other cognitive abilities (such as executive functions, personal semantic knowledge, emotional knowledge, theory of mind (ToM) functions, language, and working memory). On the brain level its emergence is accompanied by structural and functional reorganization of different components of the so-called EAM network. This network includes the hippocampal formation, which is viewed as being vital for the acquisition of memories of personal events for long-term storage. Developmental studies have emphasized socio-cultural-linguistic mechanisms that may be unique to the development of EAM. Furthermore it was hypothesized that one of the main functions of EAM is the social one. In the research field, the link between EAM and social cognition remains however debated. Herein we aim to bring new insights into the relation between EAM and social information processing (including social cognition) by describing a young adult patient with amnesia with neurodevelopmental mechanisms due to perinatal complications accompanied by hypoxia. The patient was investigated medically, psychiatrically, and with neuropsychological and neuroimaging methods. Structural high resolution magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant bilateral hippocampal atrophy as well as indices for degeneration in the amygdalae, basal ganglia, and thalamus, when a less conservative threshold was applied. In addition to extensive memory investigations and testing other (non-social) cognitive functions, we employed a broad range of tests that assessed social information processing (social perception, social cognition, social regulation). Our results point to both preserved (empathy, core ToM functions, visual affect selection, and discrimination, affective prosody discrimination) and impaired domains of social information processing (incongruent affective prosody processing, complex social judgments). They support proposals for a role of the hippocampal formation in processing more complex social information that likely requires multimodal relational handling
Gedächtnisbildung und -umbildung
No full textPiefke M, Markowitsch HJ. Gedächtnisbildung und -umbildung. In: Schloffer H, Prang E, Frick-Salzmann A, eds. Gedächtnistraining. Theoretische und praktische Grundlagen. Berlin: Springer; 2009: 27-33
Towards a bio-psycho-social model of autobiographical memory
No full textWelzer H, Markowitsch HJ. Towards a bio-psycho-social model of autobiographical memory. MEMORY. 2005;13(1):63-78.Self-awareness and identity are important cornerstones of thinking in social psychology. On the basis of current knowledge and theories from the social. cultural. and biological sciences, this paper attempts to outline an integrative approach to the phenomena of memory and reminiscence. Reference to psychodynamic argumentation is made in addition. where appropriate. The central topic to our argumentation is autobiographical memory, which we analyse according to evolutionary, neuroscientific, and cultural findings. The emotional context and the ontogenetic development of reminiscences (or memories directly relating to one's own self) provide the preliminary framework for an integrated view which includes interactions between the life span, brain development. the social and cultural environment, and genetic predispositions
Gedächtnis und Erinnern
No full textMarkowitsch HJ, Engelen E-M, Tscherepanow M, Welzer H. Gedächtnis und Erinnern. In: Stephan A, Walter S, eds. Handbuch Kognitionswissenschaft. Stuttgart : Verlag J. B. Metzler; 2013: 289-303
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