921 research outputs found
Assessing Fundamental Power Differences in Exchange Networks: Iterative GPI
No full textNetworks have been discovered for which Network Exchange Theory (NET Markovsky, Willer and Patton 1988; Lovaglia, Skvoretz, Willer and Markovsky 1995) fails to provide tenable predictions. Here we elaborate NET to create a more general method. We show not only when and where exchange networks break into simpler substructures, but propose rules to decisively classify networks and substructures as strong, weak, or equal power. In doing so, we advance general heuristics for power development in exchange networks and demonstrate the promise of an approach using reciprocal comparison of general heuristics, formal theory, and computer simulation
Power in Exchange Networks: Critique of a New Theory
No full textMarkovsky et al criticize Yamaguchi\u27s (1996) theory of power in social exchange networks, revealing internal theoretical contradictions. Yamaguchi responds to the criticisms
Graduate Training in Sociological Theory and Theory Construction
No full textNearly all of sociology\u27s top graduate training programs require their students to complete one or two courses on sociological theory. The instructors for these courses have an extraordinary opportunity to affect the perspectives and practices of future generations of scholars. This study assesses the backgrounds, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of those instructors regarding different approaches to theorizing, with particular attention paid to topics related to science and to theory construction. Sociologists who teach required theory courses in the discipline\u27s top fifty graduate training programs were asked a series of questions pertaining to their own training and to the courses they were teaching: attitudes toward different kinds of theorizing, perceptions of the role that theory plays in sociology and in science, and views on the nature of science. Results indicate a strong consensus on the most important classical theorists (Marx, Weber, and Durkheim). However, attitudes and practices varied widely in regard to other classical theorists, contemporary sociological theory, and the role of scientific standards in the development of sociological knowledge. The author explores some of the implications of these attitudes and practices
Barry N. Taylor
No full textBARRY N. TAYLOR
NBS/NIST: 1970 - 2001
Birth: March 27, 1936, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
EDUCATION:
Temple University, BA (Physics), 1957
University of Pennsylvania, MS (Physics), 1960; PhD (Physics), 1963
PRINCIPAL FIELDS:
Electron tunneling; superconductivity and the Josephson effects; precision electrical measurements; fundamental physical constants; expression of uncertainty in measurement; International System of Units; technical management
POSITIONS HELD AT NBS/NIST:
Chief, Absolute Electrical Measurements Section
Program Analyst, Program Office
Chief, Electricity Division
Administrator, NBS/NIST Precision Measurement Grants Program
Manager, NBS/NIST Fundamental Constants Data Center
Chief Editor, Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
NIST Scientist Emeritus
HONORS:
RCA Laboratories Outstanding Achievement Award, 1969
John Price Wetherill Medal, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, 1975
U.S. Department of Commerce: Silver Medal, 1975; Gold Medal, 1989
CODATA Prize, 2000
Distinguished Executive Presidential Rank Award, 2000
MEMBERSHIPS:
American Physical Society (Fellow)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (Fellow)
Washington Academy of Sciences (Fellow)
Russian Academy of Metrology (Distinguished Foreign Member)
PUBLICATIONS:
Over 100 publications including:
Precision Measurements and Fundamental Constants, (with co-editor), NBS Special Publication 343 (1971); and Precision Measurements and Fundamental Constants, (with co-editor), NBS Special Publication 617 (1984)
Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results, (with co-author), NIST Technical Note 1297 (1994)
Guide for the Use of the International System of Units, NIST Special Publication 811 (1995
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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