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Evidencing Policy Impacts: Professor Mark Reed
No full textThis episode of the 'Impact through Culture Change' webinar was held on Friday 13th May 2022. The webinar series focuses on the achievement of impact from the perspective of organisational change.
In this episode we welcomed Professor Mark Reed, co-director of the Thriving Natural Capital Challenge Centre at Scotland’s Rural College and CEO of Fast Track Impact. Mark is a transdisciplinary researcher who specialises in environmental governance, working with rural communities to enhance the governance of natural and agri-food systems, and spoke about a case study showing how policy impacts were both achieved and evidenced.</p
Reed Coleman
No full textReed Coleman oral history interview as conducted by Mark Madison and Steve Laubach.
Reed Coleman talks about how the Leopold Memorial Reserve got started and who helped to start it. He also talks about the basic concept, objectives, threats and changes of the Reserve through the years. And he mentions the differences between the Leopold Memorial Reserve and the Leopold Foundation.
Name: Reed Coleman
Keywords: History, Biography, Preservation (specimens), Landscape conservation, Hunting, Education1
Oral History Cover Sheet
Name: Reed Coleman
Date of Interview: October 28, 2009
Location of Interview: Wisconsin
Interviewer: Mark Madison & Steve Laubach
Most Important Projects: The Leopold Memorial Reserve
Colleagues: Howard Mead, Frank Terboilcox and various neighbors
Brief Summary of Interview: Reed starts out with a little bit of background on the type of person he is. He talks about how the Leopold Memorial Reserve got started and who helped to start it. He also talks about the basic concept, objectives, threats and changes of the Reserve through the years. And he mentions the differences between the Leopold Memorial Reserve and the Leopold Foundation.
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Mark: (laughing) with what you just said.
Reed: Oh you want (unclear).
Mark: Yea I thought that was a good introduction.
Reed: If you think that’s important to the process.
Mark: I think it gives some insight into your character and that’s important.
Reed: Um well I’ll just go through it again I …
Mark: Sure.
Reed: …indicating that my three favorite uh forays into history are uh an understanding of Will and Aerial Durant’s lessons of history so that I’m not likely to make mistakes based on what has gone before, uh I enjoy The Prince because it tells me um…what I ought to know about what people might be trying to do to me and then I uh look at the decline and fall of the Roman empire by given as somewhat of an indication of what might be happening, happening in today’s society. My entire life, the interests that I’ve had either to start something, that needs to be done and to help build it to the point where it’s pretty much routine, then I get out or to fix something that’s broken and once fixed and back on track and operating normally, get out. Uh and one of the things that I really love about Sand County Foundation is that its almost always broken, it can never be really fixed and uh everyday there’s something new to start. So that just gives you a little background on the kind of person that you’re going to be expecting to tell you the details of the history of Leopold Memorial Reserve.
Mark: Okay. Well let’s start at the beginning. Um who were some of the folks, the earliest folks that worked with you to start up the Reserve? 3
Reed: Uh Howard Mead and Frank Terbilcox.
Mark: Okay. And how did you guys first come together and brainstorm this idea?
Reed: Um Howard and I were drinking martini’s and cooking duck, it’s true, (Mark laughing) (unclear) and lamenting the fact that, that we like to go up to uh our cabin and that there was nobody there paying any attention to the Leopold shack, the family was pretty much all out of, out of the city or out of touch or otherwise occupied and they were selling 33 foot lots along the riverfront uh right up next to the Leopold property. And we really did talk about what we could do and how we could do something to keep that from damaging the Leopold property and uh ruled out the DNR, ruled out the state and literally at that point sort of came up and said “Well, why don’t we get a bunch of people to agree to not develop it, put some restrictions on it.” And uh Frank was tired of getting up at midnight to go and turn on the broiler in his Ross Floral Company so as we moved down the line we talked to him and he said “Yeah, I like to get involved” and then of course eventually became the manager.
Mark: Okay. Were there other models that you guys…
Reed: No.
Mark: …emulated? So you just came up with this all on your own?
Reed: Seemed like a good idea.
Mark: Okay. Who were the first land owners that were invited to participate?
Reed: Uh, inviting would be an unusual phrase uh but we made a map to look at who they were: it included Collins and Leopold’s and Terbilcox’s, which of course was a major section of what we’re trying to do. And then the Turners’ the Van Heusens were 4
the two key elements that we needed to have included and of course those were the ones that was most fun trying to convince them that we weren’t a hunting club from Chicago or the Wisconsin DNR. And I think those were the ones that we really attained uh permission from at the offset.
Mark: Did anybody refuse to join?
Reed: Uh no.
Mark: No.
Reed: But it was a long, hard sell.
Mark: How long did it take to sell?
Reed: I don’t remember. (Mark laughing) But there was a lot of evening in farm kitchens at the Turners’ and the Van Heusens and uh the Leopold’s is interesting, I’m not, you know that’s a whole just line through is whole history. Uh I really don’t remember much about their participation other than that they were willing to do it. Uh the basic concept, which was one of the questions that you asked, uh…if we could get a number of landowners to agree to not do certain things, and that was really to change the agricultural patterns and to change the structural patterns and if we could then get them to permit the entire area to be studied as a unit instead of each on their own individual basis for both research and education. And if we could then obtain, which was really the only legal thing we every got, which was (coughed) excuse me, which was uh the first right of refusal recorded and the consideration for that was to pay their property taxes, very simple.
Mark: Was the agreement signed by everybody then or was it…
Reed: Yea. 5
Mark: …but it wasn’t, the only legal part was the first write up?
Reed: What, well there was the agreement and then there was the first right of refusal, which was recorded.
Mark: Okay.
Reed: But the agreement was never recorded.
Steve: And research and education was part of the division from the start, you’re saying it wasn’t simply to protect the land that uh.
Reed: Well that depends on whether you’re talking about the martini party or once we got going on things here.
Steve: Right.
Reed: And got Frank involved and his becoming management. I don’t know what those timelines are (unclear).
Steve: Yea I’m not gonna.
Reed: …make any difference.
Mark: But what was the primary mission, if you had to say what the mission was at the inception? We can talk about how it changed, but at the inception if you would say you know was it research, was it preservation, was it…
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Reed: It was whatever of those things we could convince two completely (unclear) farmers with something they would be willing to put up with. And that’ll sort of come into play when we get to what ought to happen on the LMR (unclear).
Mark: (laughing) Okay we won’t jump ahead then.
Reed: But uh I think the thought that was any grand scheme when we started to do this would be unheard. Uh I drafted the, I drafted the agreement; I just sat down with a dictating machine and drafted it, I don’t think it got changed much from what I drafted. I haven’t looked at it for a long time.
Mark: Okay. And when you first did the agreement, you mentioned the martini party and so on but what was the biggest threat to this landscape? Was it being developed or was it just uh…
Reed: Well we were, I think the trigger, if you want to look at that, was the combination of the absence of any of the Leopold’s in the area and uh the fact that they had sold all these lots on property that was adjacent. And you have to remember I’d spent most of my high school and uh some grade school weekends up there, as a kid so that place was very special to me. You know, you know it just happened.
Mark: What was it like going to the shack as a kid? I know I’ve deviated from the inception part.
Reed: The shack as a kid.
Mark: Yea, yea.
Reed: The Leopold kids picked on me, basically. And I was the guy who got to pump the water and carry the buckets through the trees.
Mark: That’s a lot of buckets. 7
Reed: Steve’s heard the story (unclear) swinging the birches.
Steve: No, haven’t heard that one.
Reed: You know how to swing a birch?
Steve: (unclear)
Reed: Jeepers (unsure of spelling)
(Laughing)
Mark: Maybe we need to…
Reed: What a lost youth you had. Uh you pick a birch of a certain size and theoretically uh (unclear). And you shimmy up it to where you think you are at the right place, then you grab it with both hands and you swing out. If you’ve made a good decision then it’ll gently drop you down on to the ground and then you can let go and it’ll go back up. So they use to encourage me to swing off too early so that I would end up on, about that far off the ground. (Mark and Steve laughing) Anyway, that’s a digression.
Mark: (laughing) but a good one.
Steve: Um.
Mark: Go ahead.
Steve: There’s the Coleman cabin on the property, now is that a later, is that something that you went to growing up as well.
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Reed: Oh yea.
Steve: Okay.
Reed: Well the land we would go to, mostly we would to go Leopold’s. Now we had this vacant across Chapman Lake from the Leopold property. And I think it was ’45 or ’46 when uh our family bought the horse barn down the road from, from the Leopold’s down the river, which had been the cabin, the story and a half cabin for Mrs., you probably know better than I, the old lady who…can’t remember her name, but she had been born there and I remember going to talk to her and she would be able to tell you about Indians going by on the River Road in front of her cabin. Bought the cabin for a hundred dollars, disassembled it, uh it had been a horse farm so the lower maybe three courses of logs were rotten, but the logs were all numbered and I used to work at the camp; went up on weekends, moved it over and reassembled it on our property. Then we were able to begin to use that as well as the shack, the shack property we would just go up for a day and back the same day.
Steve: Okay.
Reed: Nobody wanted to sleep on those beds.
Mark: Did, in the early years you mentioned um going to farmers houses over kitchen tables and talking, were there organizational meetings, I mean did you have meetings where you actually took minutes and had to prescribe…
Reed: (speaking at same time as Mark) I saw the question.
Mark: Yeah.
Reed: And I think we tried to have a meeting once a year with the people who were on the reserve just to sort of bring them up to date. But uh, you know, people died, moved 9
uh it wasn’t necessary and the people who were actively involved were Leopold, Terbilcox and Collins, and Collins pretty much knew what was going on anyway so. But there was no, there was no structure.
Mark: You didn’t have a formal (unclear). [laughing] Cuz that’s what they’re getting at is that they’re trying to find out if there was…
Reed: Yea we probably did have something but it was probably ignored.
Mark: Well that’s one of the issues that came up the, they um, it seems like they’ve got good records for the Reserve from like 1975 onward. Did you guys keep detailed records before ’75.
Reed: No, not that I know of.
Mark: So, so they don’t exist. [Laughing]
Reed: I suppose there could be some correspondence buried in what we call the black hole out here but nobody wants to go up there and starting looking for it. But I don’t think um, I think it would have been…gee I just don’t know, I mean I don’t, there was no, now when did Charlie Bradley show up?
Steve: ’75
Reed: Yea.
Steve: ‘76
Mark: Yea ’75.
Reed: And that’s a basic, this thing was all pretty much (unclear) and, you know, once we got it together and once we accomplished and Frank did the management and I don’t 10
remember when Frank actually left Ross permanently uh or when he became a full-time. But uh then when Charlie came then we really began to have what I think we had all sort of thought could happen on a fifteen hundred acre piece of land that was individually owned but could be used uh in common for research and education. We had, you know, we had tours, Frank conducted tours, Charlie did his research I mean at that point it took a life uh of it’s own and onto itself.
Mark: Were you, were the organizers and you influence by the land ethic at all and if you were, was it (unclear) or did you talk about it?
Reed: No. (Unclear) we never sat down and said…
Steve: Be philosophical.
Reed: …this is all about the land ethic. I think if you spent the time I spent with the Leopold’s as a kid and in the late ‘60’s I had already spent four years in environmental science in college and in ecological so I probably had a pretty good idea of what it was without going to the Sand County Almanac and saying “Oh” or the essay and saying “Oh, there it is.”
Mark: Was it in the back of your minds that’s what you were doing though when…
Reed: I thought it was just the right thing to do and pretty much I think the land ethic is a description of what the right thing to do should be if you owned land.
Mark: Okay, good.
Reed: But, you know, I…these questions sort of describe a context that may not be fully justified.
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Mark: Well, I was at some of the meetings and they’re fishing because, they’re fishing for information cuz we don’t know. [Laughing] You know the answer to many of these questions may well be “No” (unclear, laughing).
Reed: That’s why this is going to be short.
[Sounds like everyone laughing]
Mark: Did you guys…and we’re not trying to jump ahead to where you are now, but did you have a vision about what the place might look like, you know, five years into it when you first began? Did you, how did you envision it?
Reed: We pretty, pretty well made it up as we went along and Frank came on board and uh how could we teach what Leopold thought the kids and school kids and so forth and so and so we made trails. And, you know, that was as visionary as buying a mower on a tractor and Frank loved to mow trails and so we (unclear). And uh poison ivy control was a big deal, if you want to know one of the most evasive species um…yea I (unclear) developed, it happened, worked it’s way up to something and then Charlie came and it became much more serious.
Mark: Yea. Did the neighbors who weren’t directly involved in the Reserve know what you guys were doing? Were they generally supportive?
Reed: Um huh, and they liked it, they like it yea.
Mark: I could imagine they would be.
Reed: They thought it was great.
Steve: You mentioned though that was a hard sell to the Turner’s and the Van-Heusens, what made that a hard, what were some of their objections? 12
Reed: “Well who the hell are these guys coming into my, writing me a letter saying we like to meet with you” and we were either a gun club from Chicago (unclear) from Chicago and…they didn’t believe that anybody was really going to do this, I mean they couldn’t understand why these two people or three people (unclear) uh but it was mostly Frank and Reed. But “why are you doing this”, you know, “what’s in it for you” or “who are you fronting for” or “what are we going to find out that’s bad after we agree to do this.” It’s just, you know, hey here’s who we are, here’s what we want to do, believe us.
Mark: To overcome the skepticism . Now we’re moving into the questions about how the reserve’s changed over time and uh the first question we had there was, have you’ve seen land management or land use change in that area since 1965, (unclear).
Reed: Uh…sure, part of it was on purpose and part of it was controlled burns, the great expert trying to make an oak opening, uh was turned into a raspberry patch instead. Uh and the whole deer quality, hunting ecology for deer, the management hunt on a reserve, uh Frank uh doing some things on his own, which probably didn’t fit the original model but which were fine. I mean if you’re going to have private landowners then you have to say “You know it’s your land, you can do what you want to do.”
Mark: Right.
Reed: And uh when we start talking about the future and how do we do what’s next, uh if you want to get a group of land owners together to do something that’s good for the land, then you really have to go to each one and say “What is, what is the most restriction that you’re willing to except? And what is the most participation that you’re willing to do in order to make this work?” And once you have that then you say “Okay, well that isn’t enough to make a concept work, that isn’t enough to make it a real collaboration.” So their in (unclear), if they do join and you do have, with that reasonable level of private enterprise/private property restrictions, times change, people die, sons and daughters may 13
not wish to so the same thing so it has to continue to be something that the private landowner wants to do and I think maybe that’s part of the answer to your question.
Mark: Yea.
Reed: It came to the point where the Turners and the Van-Heusens, who were really the out layers in this whole thing, decided that this was something that they really wanted to and they did, they came to enjoy it.
Mark: Great. You mentioned a couple of changes that occurred; let me ask you one by one…
Reed: Sure.
Mark: …when some of these occurred. When did the public visits start on the reserve? Was it with the school children?
Reed: That was fairly early, I think, cuz that was mostly Frank Terbolicox. Uh and we didn’t call it public, we had to be very careful not to and uh we had some wonderful, I have signs still that have the uh “Danger” um “No Trespassing” or I can’t remember exactly what it says but it warns you not to enter this property because there’s an extensive poison ivy infestation. Uh I also saw a sign on a western fence this morning on the internet somebody sent me said um “Prayer is the best way to go to heaven, Trespassing is Quicker.” Um and it was uh…can’t remember now which of the Bradley’s, Luna I think, he and I were talking about something and we were talking about trespassing and so forth or maybe Star Trek, I can’t remember which one it was. And he said “Well why don’t you have a radiation sign made, with a symbol and all and then list the (unclear) underneath it” so we did; uh “Warning Radiation” whatever abeyant sunlight (unclear) is, was what we put underneath it and it worked for awhile, not really for very long but we had a good time doing it.
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Mark: [Laughing] The first night they noticed it didn’t glow, they became suspicious.
Reed: The DNR didn’t show up and say “What are you doing?”
Mark: What about the ecological restoration? You alluded to that earlier, bringing back the oaks and so when did that start?
Reed: Well some of that, I mean, the experiment with the oak opening about five years old. Uh but uh controlled burns goes back a long way uh Charlie’s research goes back to when he really started and uh when the study center was built. Um and then as Frank, Charlie went away and as Frank got older then so those things tended to fall away and then Leopold’s research and interest has uh created that aspect to the quote, unquote “Reserve,” which was probably not a part of the original intention so I’d say that’s probably where the major shift has occurred. And I think that’s one of the reasons why LMR 21st Century is an important part of what we need to do, The Sand County Foundation point of view.
Mark: Yea, very good.
Reed: We don’t like buildings at all uh to be honest with you. Uh we think they focus things on inanimate objects and do not, from The Sand County’s point of view, represent what the Reserve’s, the outdoors, land owning is all about but you know ends with the money. Those with the gold, make the rules so we have the study center up there.
Mark: How has the Reserve, over the years cuz once again we’re looking at changes, affected the surrounding land owners that aren’t part of it, has it given them a better quality of life or you know led to occasional (unclear)?
Reed: Probably as, well if you look at the expansion out into the farm land to the west uh I think the awareness of the Reserve and what it’s doing is appreciated and maybe it gives some people some ideas. Uh I wouldn’t be able to document it. 15
Mark: Sure.
Reed: Any of that, other than the fellow who crops are fields uh had done some things that would be attractive and appealing and thinks he might want to be a member of the Reserve.
Mark: That’s great.
Reed: So who knows, would be the first pig farmer.
[Mark laughing]
Mark: What about deer management? There’s a bunch of questions that suggest, occasionally, deer management has been a point of contention with neighbors.
Reed: Uh.
Mark: I don’t know…
Reed: Deer management, well it was obvious that something had to happen in terms of deer hunting.
Mark: Right.
Reed: And that all sort of came to a head with uh quality hunting/ecology was the term used uh which still goes on. Uh and that’s to try and knock down the doe population, knock down the deer population to uh per square mile to per acre tolerance. Uh and so it was used, the Reserve was used, people wanted to (unclear) to agree to abide by those standards and a lot of people like to hunt there. Uh fifteen hundred acres probably not a large enough unit to do a really, fully capable scientific study but the (unclear) who are 16
quality deer uh activity in Pennsylvania is and so I think it was something that was; Sand County we always looked to see “Have we really done something here that affected policy” and although they say they invited it, the DNR did do essentially the (unclear), uh hunting (unclear). And you know we have a close enough interchange with the DNR so
Featured Speaker: Dwayne Reed
No full textDwayne Reed is an educator, speaker, author, and rapper. Catapulted by his blockbuster video Welcome to the Fourth Grade, Mr. Reed has been featured on Good Morning America, World News Tonight, BBC News, The Jimmy Kimmel Live Show, and in The Washington Post and Time Magazine. Mr. Reed, an EIU graduate, will share about his teaching journey to guide you on yours
Presidential Note
No full textLetter from the American Academy of Health Behavior President, Dr. Mark Reed
Petticoat Fever
No full textProgram from the Little Theatre of Dallas' 1942 production of 'Petticoat Fever' written by Mark Reed and directed by Talbot Pearson
Reed students sitting on the lawn, 1965
No full texthttps://rdc.reed.edu/v1/resources/8401a46e-83b1-4f1d-939c-405680a1d229/thumb/128.jpgThree Reed students lounging on the grass in front of the Old Dorm Block, Spring 1965. From the left, they are Alice Phillips Graesser, class of 1965, Gwen Lewis, class of 1965, and Mark W. Graesser, class of 1965
Atheism, capitalism, and marriage? By Mark Paglin '82
No full texthttps://rdc.reed.edu/v1/resources/951c9246-b839-40a4-ad1c-f9a24aad3a44/thumb/128.jpgNote about a T-shirt created by alumnus Mark Paglin '82 with the Reed logo of "Atheism, Capitalism, Marriage.
All Baroque Concert for Christmas poster by the Reed Collegium Musicum, 1990
No full texthttps://rdc.reed.edu/v1/resources/7326132a-a3fe-469b-a00b-56c2443f6d86/thumb/128.jpgPoster for the All Baroque Concert for Christmas presented by the Reed Collegium Musicum in the chapel, conducted by Mark Slegers
Does seasonality drive spatial patterns in demography? Variation in survival in African reed warblers Acrocephalus baeticatus across southern Africa does not reflect global patterns
No full textAmong birds, northern temperate species generally have larger clutches, shorter development periods and lower adult survival than similarly-sized southern and tropical species. Even though this global pattern is well accepted, the driving mechanism is still not fully understood. The main theories are founded on the differing environmental seasonality of these zones (higher seasonality in the North). These patterns arise in cross-species comparisons, but we hypothesized that the same patterns should arise among populations within a species if different types of seasonality select for different life histories. Few studies have examined this. We estimated survival of an azonal habitat specialist, the African reed warbler, across the environmentally diverse African subcontinent, and related survival to latitude and to the seasonality of the different environments of their breeding habitats. Data (1998–2010) collected through a public ringing scheme were analyzed with hierarchical capture-mark-recapture models to determine resident adult survival and its spatial variance across sixteen vegetation units spread across four biomes. The models were defined as state-space multi-state models to account for transience and implemented in a Bayesian framework. We did not find a latitudinal trend in survival or a clear link between seasonality and survival. Spatial variation in survival was substantial across the sixteen sites (spatial standard deviation of the logit mean survival: 0.70, 95% credible interval (CRI): 0.33–1.27). Mean site survival ranged from 0.49 (95% CRI: 0.18–0.80) to 0.83 (95% CRI: 0.62–0.97) with an overall mean of 0.67 (95% CRI: 0.47–0.85). A hierarchical modeling approach enabled us to estimate spatial variation in survival of the African reed warbler across the African subcontinent from sparse data. Although we could not confirm the global pattern of higher survival in less seasonal environments, our findings from a poorly studied region contribute to the study of life-history strategies
Modeling the Neutron Flux of the Reed Research Reactor Using Temperature
No full texthttps://rdc.reed.edu/v1/resources/c053d534-a725-4fe4-8f72-bf72e32e093e/thumb/128.jpgThis thesis characterizes the neutron flux in the Reed Research Reactor using temperature data collected across the core with 8 thermocouples. The temperature distribution is successfully compared to four models: the bare reactor, the reflected reactor, control rods in the reactor, and power distribution across the core
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