578 research outputs found
Chilicola (Oroediscelis) jaguense Packer & Dumesh 2019, new species
No full textChilicola (Oroediscelis) jaguense Packer and Dumesh, new species urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D3 B78728 -37FB-4BDE-B0C7-5090BF9B44D2 (Figs. 70–71, 143) Diagnosis. This is the only species in which the female has a yellow marking on the face. Additionally, the combination of: malar space 6.5 mm and T1 doubly punctate, serves to separate the female from all other species in the subgenus. It is most similar to C. huarpe Packer and Dumesh, n. sp., from which it can be differentiated based upon the yellow facial maculation, longer metapostnotal striae and longer malar space. Description. Female. Length 6.8 mm; forewing length 4.55 mm, head width 1.6 mm. Head: 1.2 X as long as wide, 99:81; black, yellow-orange mark above and below anterior tentorial pit, and on apical 1/3 of malar space. Face below antennae shining, weakly imbricate, most strongly on upper 2/3 of clypeus; clypeus and supraclypeal area deeply punctate, i=1–4 d; lower paraocular area deeply punctate, i=0.5–2 d; frontal area densely and evenly punctate, i~0.5 d; facial fovea shiny, punctures small to minute, widely separated; vertexal area coarsely punctate, punctures almost crowded. Malar space shorter than wide (8:11). Longest hairs on face above antennal sockets, 1.3 MOD, longer on vertex <2 MOD; genal beard <3 MOD. Mesosoma: pronotum and anteromedial portion of mesoscutum doubly punctate, small punctures dense, i<d, larger punctures scattered; rest of mesoscutum somewhat shiny, imbrication shallow; punctures distinct, i~d; mesoscutellum shiny, punctures less regular, i=0.5–2 d; metanotum somewhat shiny, anterior punctures small and dense, i<d, posterior punctures larger, sparser, i=0.5–2 d; mesepisternum with scattered minute punctures among more abundant larger ones, i=1–2 d; metepisternum ruguloso-striate above, coarsely imbricate below, with scattered punctures. Mesoscutum lacking long hairs, <0,5 MOD; mesepisternum with longest hairs <1.5 MOD. Stigma shorter than marginal cell on costal margin (33:46); apex of marginal cell abruptly curving from anterior wing margin, almost truncate; distal stigma perpendicular just apical to first submarginal crossvein. Metapostnotum weakly striate, only median stria and few lateral ones strong, remainder weak and anastomozing; lateral surface of propodeum imbricate, punctures distinct, large at midlength dorsally, smaller anteroventrally, minute posteroventrally. Metasoma: terga shiny, shallowly imbricate; T1 doubly punctate scattered minute punctures among larger ones, i=1–3 d on disc; apical impressed area mostly densely punctate, i=1–2 d, apical 1/3 of area impunctate; T2– T3 larger punctures denser, i=1–2 d; (remaining terga telescoped and not visible). Male: unknown. Material studied. Holotype female: ARGENTINA, La Rioja, Jagüe, 9.iii.1970, C. Porter & L. Stange, “Entomofauna Subandina” [IML] [See Figs. 184–185 for distribution map]. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality. Comments. The sole specimen is sufficiently distinctive to warrant description despite the fact that females of the subgenus are often difficult to separate.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Dumesh, Sheila, 2019, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Oroediscelis) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Xeromelissinae) with illustrated keys to the males and females of the subgenus, pp. 1-56 in Zootaxa 4559 (1) on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/258501
The EVO ICL for Moderate Myopia: Results from the US FDA Clinical Trial
No full textMark Packer Packer Research Associates, Boulder, CO, USACorrespondence: Mark Packer, Packer Research Associates, 1400 Bluebell Ave, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA, Tel +1 541 915 – 0291, Email [email protected]: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of collamer posterior chamber phakic refractive lenses with a central port design (EVO and EVO+ Sphere and Toric implantable collamer lenses [ICLs]) for correction of moderate myopia with or without astigmatism.Patients and Methods: Six-month results of a multicenter clinical trial were performed under United States FDA Investigational Device Exemption. Subjects 21 through 45 years of age with manifest refraction spherical equivalent ranging from − 3.00 D to − 6.00 D and astigmatism up to 4.00 D underwent implantation of EVO or EVO+ Sphere or Toric ICLs. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, manifest refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density, and adverse events were evaluated over 6 months.Results: This report includes a retrospective review of 200 eyes of 114 subjects with mean age 35.1 ± 5.1 years that completed the 6-month visit. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) measured − 4.61 ± 0.87 D (range: − 3.00 to − 6.00 D). At 6 months, mean SE was − 0.085 ± 0.26 D, with 91.5% within ± 0.50 D of target and 100.0% within ± 1.00 D of target. Mean postoperative UDVA and CDVA were − 0.065 ± 0.08 logMAR and − 0.14 ± 0.07 logMAR, respectively. About 98.0% of eyes maintained or gained lines of CDVA, and no eye lost more than 1 line CDVA. Efficacy and safety indices were 1.03 and 1.21, respectively. No eye experienced pupillary block, required preoperative or postoperative peripheral iridotomy or iridectomy, developed anterior subcapsular cataract or had elevated IOP due to angle narrowing or pigment dispersion. Mean endothelial cell density declined by 2.2%.Conclusion: EVO ICL lenses demonstrated accuracy, predictability and stability of refractive correction with achievement of high levels of UDVA and an excellent safety profile for patients with moderate myopia with or without astigmatism.Keywords: phakic refractive lens, moderate myopia, astigmatism, implantable collamer len
Chilicola setosicornis Packer, n. sp.
No full textChilicola setosicornis Packer, n. sp. (Figs. 16 A–O) Diagnosis. This is a somewhat isolated species, perhaps most closely related to Toro and Moldenke’s Heteroediscelis (Packer, in press). It can be most readily separated from all other Chilicola in the male, by the long setae towards the apices of the apical flagellomeres (Fig. 16 A). The form of the hind trochanter is also unique (Fig. 16 D and E). Females differ from other Chilicola with apical hair patches on the metasomal terga and unmodified hind tibial spurs by the comparatively deep depressions dorsal of the antennal socket, which seem to house the scape. Only one other species matches this description, and Chilicola neffi Toro and Moldenke, has deeper and narrower frontal depressions but the females can be instantly differentiated by the maroon coloured metasoma of C. neffi, as well as by the latter species’ smaller size and location in coastal Chile rather than montane northwest Argentina. Description. Male: Length 6.0mm, forewing length 4.0mm, head width 1.4mm. Colouration: Black-brown with following parts yellow: Basal portion of labrum (rest dark brown), mandible (apex dark brown), clypeus except adjacent to epistomal suture, mark on lower paraocular area up to level of ventral margin of supraclypeal area, apicoventral spot on hind tibia. Following parts orange: Ventral surface of antennal flagellum, dorsal and anterior surfaces of foretibia, forebasitarsus, forepretarsus, S 2 and S 3 orange anterior to submarginal zone and all of S 6. Wing veins and tegula dark brown. T 1 and T 2 dark brown, narrowly orange anterior to translucent amber apical impressed areas. Surface Sculpture: Labrum shining with dense punctures basally (i~d) sparsely punctate apically (i= 2– 3 d). Clypeus with punctures small and dense apically (i~d), sparser towards base. Supraclypeal and lower and upper paraocular areas with strongly imbricate microsculpture, appearing almost granular and with small, sparse, irregularly spaced punctures (i = 1–5 d). Upper paraocular area with larger punctures. Frons with punctures crowded and sharp edged, very variable in size; area immediately below lateral ocelli with few, large punctures. Vertex behind ocelli rugose, laterally with dense punctures. Genal area with weak, elongate punctures on longitudinally microstriate background, shiny. Pronotum and metanotum roughly and densely punctate (id. Pubescence: Hairs short and sparse, except on gena, frons, mesopleuron and lateral surface of propodeum 1–2 MOD. Scopal hairs of hind tibia 2 MOD. Sparse basal hair bands on T 2 and T 3 and apicolaterally on T 2 – T 4. Scopa of S 2 corbiculate, hairs long 2.5 MOD, with branches only on anterior surface, scopal hairs of S 3 somewhat shorter 2 MOD. Structure: Maxillary palpus with segments increasing in length and decreasing in breadth from first to last, 0.7 X as long as prementum. Prementum 0.4 X as broad as long, with fovea covering most of ventral surface, margins strongly carinate. Lacinia an elongate triangle, 4 X as long as greatest breadth. Lorum poorly sclerotised, less than 0.33 X as long as cardo. Clypeus with transverse apical depression for middle half of its width, extending one third below lower ocular tangent. Compound eyes less convergent below (Fig. 16 C), UOD:LOD 52: 40. IOC:OOC 17: 14. Frons swollen midway between lateral ocelli and antennae, swellings delimiting medial margin of supra-antennal depression. Dorsal surface of propodeum shorter, ratio of length to scutellum, 18: 22. Apical lunule of S 5 broadly U-shaped, 2 X as broad as long. Sting apparatus: As in Fig. 16 K–O. Lateral portion of marginal ridge of hemitergite 7 with two obtuse angles, one where margin of apodemal region meets ridge, second one just anterior to origin of lateral process; apodemes to spiracular atrium large (Fig. 16 K). Hemitergite 8 with plate and apodeme subequal in size, anterior ridge of apodeme slightly sinuate, junction between plate and apodeme straight (Fig. 16 L). First valvifer with dorsal and ventral processes equal in length. Second valvifer with pars articularis acutely angled, incisura postarticularis narrow and parallel-sided. Base of sting shaft with processus medianus moderately developed ventrally (Fig. 16 M). Furcula with ventral arms somewhat narrow, widely spaced forming broad U; dorsal arm comparatively broad, abruptly narrowing to apex; sinuate and narrow in side view (Figs. 16 N and O). Material studied. Holotype male, allotype female, one male and four female paratypes: ARGENTINA: Salta, Cuesta de Obispo, 1km E. of Piedra de Molina, 25 o 11 ’ 152 ” S 0 65 o 51 ’ 236 ”W, 3340m, 20.iv. 2003, L. Packer; one female paratype, Salta, Cuesta Obispo, iii. 1997, Fritz. All specimens except the one collected by Fritz were found as adults in hollow stems of an unidentified shrub except both males and one female that emerged later the same year from nests obtained at the site. The holotype, allotype and one female paratype are at MACN, the remaining paratypes are at PYU except Fritz’s specimen, which is at AMNH. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the setation on the more apical antennal flagella of the male. Comments. This species generally agrees with that section of Toro and Moldenke’s subgenus Heteroediscelis that was subsequently sunk within Oediscelis by Michener, (1995), (i.e. those species possessing a highly modified hind femur and tibia in the males). It can be differentiated from these species by the long antennal flagellomeres and form of the hind tibia, which is considerably expanded, but unlike Heteroediscelis with an expanded hind tiba, it lacks an incision just before the apex. The antennae are more reminiscent of C. (Oediscelis) vernalis Philippi and C. (O.) lonco Toro & Moldenke, although these latter two species lack the setation. It would seem to be somewhat isolated morphologically. This is another interesting new species of Chilicola discovered in and primarily known from specimens obtained from nests. Other examples of species known only from nests include several species of the subgenus Oroediscelis (Michener 2000; L. Packer unpublished data), C. venticola Packer (Packer 2004), C. (Anoediscelis) paramo González and Michener (González and Michener 2004) and also an undescribed species with affinities to C. inermis and C. mailen, known from a single gynandromorph collected by the senior author at the same locality and in stems of the same shrub that yielded the type series of C. setosicornis. Undescribed species in the subgenera Oroediscelis and Anoediscelis were also found in the same stems.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on pages 47-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
Doeringiella mamabee Packer 2016, new species
No full textDoeringiella mamabee Packer, new species ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9A3E873C-7F25-443F-9D26-B23DB5B7DA41 (Figs. 7–11) DIAGNOSIS: Doeringiella mamabee can be distinguished from all other congeners by the combination of scape swollen and mostly black, axilla short not projecting as a strong tooth, scutellum black and setation, other than for patches of pale hairs, black. It is most similar to D. baeri (Vachal) from which it differs as follows (condition in D. baeri in brackets): the mostly black (Fig. 8) and shorter scape which is only slightly longer than the first two flagellomeres combined (scape red and as long as the first three flagellomeres combined), hairs on the ventral surface of the mesofemur 1.5× as long as apical width of femur (as long as apical width), and small patches of white appressed pubescence on T6 (pale hairs on metasoma restricted to T1 and T2). The new species differs from the two previously known Chilean species through the uniformly black pilosity on the dorsal surface of the mesosoma (Fig. 7): the other two — D. gayi (Spinola) and D. gigas (Spinola) — have abundant pale yellow to whitish pubescence (Fig. 12). The two previously described species are also known only from much further south within Chile (the most northern record for either of them is in the province of Coquimbo, approximately 1300 km to the south of the type locality of the new species). DESCRIPTION: ♂: Body length 7.8 mm, forewing length 6.4 mm, head width 2.95 mm, intertegular span 2.0 mm. Coloration. Black except as follows: bright orange for mid one-third of mandible (base dark brown, apex red-brown), basal half of dorsal surface of scape, pedicel, flagellum (gradually darkening to red-brown on F11), tegula, apicoventral ring on pro- and metatrochanters, ventral surface of mesotrochanter (remainder of trochanters orange-brown), all femora (except ventral surface of metafemur dark brown), all tibiae, all basitarsi; orange-brown as follows: dorsal mark on pronotal lobe, tarsomeres 2–5 of all legs, wing veins, S6. Pubescence. Silvery white and subappressed on face up to level of antennal socket laterally, to just below midocellus mesally. Black and erect on vertexal and genal areas, longer on former (~1MOD) than latter (~0.5MOD). Pronotum with narrow transverse band of pale cream, thick and appressed hairs, hairs shorter and sparser medially. Mesoscutum with pale cream, thick appressed transverse hair band hairs short 1MOD, not notably shorter medially; S6 covered with brown hairs. Sculpture. Clypeal surface shiny, punctures small and crowded except for impunctate apical margin. Frontal area dull, punctures large and mostly crowded except for a narrow, largely impunctate band below level of median ocellus and a broader area immediately above antennal socket. Vertexal area punctures crowded, sharp-edged, irregular in size, smallest behind ocellar triangle. Genal area punctures dense, i~0.5d. Thoracic punctures crowded, sharp-edged except on hypoepimeral area and ventral surface, i=0.2–1d. Metapostnotum rugoso-punctate anteriorly for a distance ~3/4 length of metanotum, coarsely imbricate posteriorly. Propodeum densely rugoso-punctate. Metasomal terga with small, dense punctures as on clypeus but not as deep. Sternum 2 punctures larger and slightly sparser than on terga and succeeding sterna, i≤d. Structure. Labrum with bituberculate apex. Scape strongly swollen, length to breadth 41:27, with strong oval depression on lateral surface; scape half as long as UOD, shorter than F1–F3 combined (41:47), F1:F2:F3 20:15:12, respectively. Paraocular carina extending to just below anterior tangent of median ocellus. Frontal carina strong from just below median ocellus to lower tangent of antennal socket. Supraantennal areas strongly depressed. UOD: LOD 78:68. Occipital carina strong from level of lower 1/3 to near top of compound eye, subparallel with posterior margin of compound eye throughout, briefly becoming evanescent as it curves mesad near top of compound eye, horizontal portion distinct except medially. Mesoscutum with weakly impressed anteromedian area. Scutellum with weakly depressed midline for mid one-half of its length, weakly bigibbous. Axilla triangular, apex only briefly separated from lateral margin of scutellum, not attaining midlength of horizontal surface of scutellum. Basitibial plate short, rounded, entire margin distinct. Supraspiracular carina well developed but short, above dorsal margin of spiracle only. Pygidial plate with sides straight, forming an angle of ~40°, apex rounded. Genital capsule as in figure 11. ♀: Unknown. HOLOTYPE: ♂, CHILE: Region XV, Puente Murmuntani, ESE Zapahuira, -18.345943 -69.551974, 3560 m, 4.iv.2000 [4 April 2000], L. Packer (PCYU). ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is named in honor of Miwa Kobayashi Malcolmson, in recognition of the Malcolmson family’s generous donation to the David Suzuki Foundation. Miwa was busy like a bee, keeping care of her five kids and other children as well. She was known to many as ‘MamaMiwa’. COMMENTS: Rightmyer (2004) analysed the phylogenetic relationships among genera of Epeolini. The new species has all of the characteristics listed as diagnostic for the genus: the enormously expanded scape, frontal area depressed above the antennal socket, weakly biconvex scutellum, long setae on ventral surface of the mesofemur, completely bordered basitibial plate, emarginate sides of S8 apical process, emarginate ventral margin of gonocoxa, and scroll-like recurved articulating surfaces of the penis valve. Bees of the genus Doeringiella have had Svastrides Michener, LaBerge, & Moure as confirmed, and Diadasia Patton, Svastra Holmberg, Melissoptila Holmberg, and Caupolicana as surmised hosts (Roig-Alsina, 1989). The new species is likely too small to have the latter as a host and none of the other genera have been collected near the type locality. The only eucerine genus collected near the type locality is Alloscirtetica, represented there by the species A. gelida and A. weyrauchi. The new species is of an appropriate size to have one of these species as a host.Published as part of Packer, Laurence, 2016, Two new species of Epeolini from northern Chile, with the first record of Triepeolus for the country and a key to Chilean species of Doeringiella (Hymenoptera: Apidae), pp. 1-11 in Journal of Melitology 2016 (64) on pages 6-9, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i64.5775, http://zenodo.org/record/805731
Chilicola obesifrons Packer, n. sp.
No full textChilicola obesifrons Packer, n. sp. (Figs. 2, 3A–M) Diagnosis. Chilicola obesifrons and its close relatives (all of which are undescribed, but include this and the following species) are among the smallest bees in the genus. As a group, they can be differentiated from any of the named subgenera of Chilicola on the basis of the shape of the pronotum, the collar of which is moderately long, not strongly convergent anteriorly but angulate at the anterolateral corners (Fig. 3 E). A new subgenus is being described for this group of species (Packer, in press). Other unusual characteristics are the lack of an emargination on the inner margin of the eye (Figs. 2, 3A and C) (shared only with some species of the subgenus (Prosopoides)) and the comparatively coarse punctation of the thoracic dorsum (Fig. 3 F). The frons is at least slightly expanded around the median ocellus and just mesad of the upper portion of the compound eye (Figs. 2, 3A and C) in all of the species in the group with the exception of the next species to be described (C. catamarcense Packer, n. sp.). These expanded areas are comparatively impunctate but bear strongly imbricate microsculpture appearing almost granular, some species of the subgenus Prosopoides also share this condition. The membranous lobes of S 7 are unique (Fig. 3 H) in form, colouration and setation among related species, including the subgenus Prosopoides. These other taxa have much more robust lobes that usually bear long and/or thick, capitate setae. Chilicola obesifrons can be differentiated from other members of its group by the following characters: the head of both sexes in profile has the median ocellus entirely hidden by frontal swellings and the vertex is flat around the lateral ocellus (Figs. 3 B and D). This feature combined with the anterolateral corners of pronotum approximately right-angled serve to identify the male (Fig. 3 E). For the female, the comparatively small mesoscutal punctures, with space for approximately 12 between the median and parapsidal lines, separate this species from others with a swollen frons and flat vertex. Other species with the median ocellus hidden in profile either have males with the head angularly produced in front of the lateral ocellus in profile (an undescribed species known only from the male from Neuquen, Argentina) or anterolateral corners of pronotum acutely angled (a Bolivian species) and females with larger mesoscutal punctures such that at most 9 would fit in the space between admedian and parapsidal lines (both an additional northern Argentinian species and the Bolivian one). Description. Male: Body length 3.2mm, forewing length 2.0mm, head width 0.8mm. Colouration: Black, with following parts yellow: labrum, mandible (except apex red-brown), most of clypeus, spot on lower paraocular area, anterior mark on scape. Pedicel and flagellum orange. Legs with yellow-orange as follows: anterior surface of foretibia, outer surface of forebasitarsus, apical rings on all femora; basal and apical rings on all tibiae. Tarsi pale brown. Tegula and apical impressed areas of metasomal terga pale amber. Wing veins orange-brown. Surface Sculpture: Microsculpture strongly imbricate almost throughout. Labrum deeply, coarsely and densely punctate (i<d) on shining background. Clypeus dull with sparse, irregular and obscure punctures, i= 1– 4 d. Supraclypeal and lower paraocular areas somewhat shiny with punctures more distinct and somewhat more dense, i= 1–3 d. Frons with larger, denser punctures, i~d, with impunctate swellings around median ocellus and laterad of lateral ocellus. Vertex with transverse wrinkles among punctures. Hypostomal area irregularly punctate, i= 1–4 d. Pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum (Fig. 3 F) dull with dense punctures that are large for size of insect, i<d; sparser on scutellum, i~d; metanotum duller than mesoscutum, punctures i<d. Mesopleuron somewhat shiny, irregularly punctate, i<1–3 d. Dorsal surface of propodeum with disk slightly depressed, weakly rugosoreticulate on either side of median carina, dorsolateral area roughened. Metasomal terga with weak microsculpture, sparse shallow obscure punctures, anterior portions of terga not differently sculptured from disks, apical impressed areas impunctate with very weak microsculpture. Pubescence: White, short and sparse, not especially plumose; lacking long erect hairs on hypostomal area. Without apicolateral hair patches on metasomal terga. No areas of specialized pubescence on metasomal sterna or legs. Structure: Head: Longer than broad, length to width 62: 53 (Fig. 3 A). Labrum 2 X as broad as long, apex almost straight. Mandible short and broad, length:basal depth ~ 2: 1. Clypeus with length and breadth subequal, lower one third extending beyond lower ocular tangent, lacking median longitudinal groove; epistomal suture expanded below anterior tentorial pit almost to laterally reflexed portion of suture, pit not separated from suture (Fig. 3 A). Subantennal suture curved inward from near origin on antennal socket, otherwise straight; supraclypeal area (Fig. 3 A) long and narrow, length to breadth <2: 1, weakly produced and poorly demarcated from frons above. Frons greatly swollen around median ocellus and mesad of upper inner margin of eye such that median ocellus not visible in profile; swellings causing head to be flat dorsally in profile (Fig. 3 B). Frontal line distinct to median ocellus. Facial fovea broadly oval, shiny and shallow (Fig. 2). Inner margin of compound eye not emarginate (Fig. 3 A) making UOD difficult to assess, but eyes strongly convergent below (Fig. 3 A); OOC subequal to IOC. Lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by more than 2 X its diameter. Vertex slightly longer than lateral ocellus, abruptly rounded onto occipital region. Upper ocular tangent passing well below lower margin of median ocellus by more than MOD. Scape 3 X longer than greatest breadth, much longer than pedicel (Fig. 3 A) and F 1 –F 3 combined; F 1 broader than long, F 2 4 X broader than long (Fig. 2); middle flagellomeres with length and breadth subequal; F 11 slightly longer than F 10; flagellum gradually increasing in breadth from F 1 to F 11; flagellomeres lacking unusual patterns of setation or structural modifications. Genal area approximately one third as long as eye (Fig. 3 B). Malar space linear such that presence or absence of malar suture indetectable. Mesosoma: Elongate, length more than 2 X its greatest depth (17: 7). Pronotal collar long, slightly more than ½ as long as scape and approximately 1.5 LOL, laterally weakly concave, anterolateral corners forming right angle (Fig. 3 E). Episternal groove complete, sharply curved anteriorly below. Scrobal groove weakly defined posterior to scrobe. Propodeum elongate, dorsal surface as long as posterior depth and subequal to length of scutellum (scutellum:metanotum:propodeum 24: 15: 25); propodeal sulcus marked by shallow pits becoming more distinct posteriorly. Hind leg not strongly modified; trochanter lacking modifications; femur 3 X as long as greatest depth, convex ventrally; tibia gradually expanding from base to apex, somewhat more strongly so in basal half, length 3.5 X greatest depth, lacking angles, carinae or ridges (Fig. 3 G); hind tibial spurs long and not strongly curved or sclerotised; hind basitarsus 6 X longer than greatest depth, parallel sided; hind tarsal claws bifid. Basal vein evenly curved; distal stigmal perpendicular crossing near apex of second submarginal cell, stigma shorter than length of marginal cell on wing margin, stigmal margin in marginal cell convex; first recurrent vein and first submarginal crossvein approximately interstitial on Rs+M. Metasoma: Length and apical width of T 1 subequal. T 2 and T 3 with weak basal depressions; apical impressed area approximately 0.33 X length of tergum. Metasomal sterna unmodified except S 1 slightly swollen at apex, gradulus of S 2 with long posteriorly directed lateral portion, gradulus missing on S 3 –S 6. Terminalia: S 7 with one pair of lateral lobes, ventral lobe broad, membranous, dusky pigmented except for basal and apical extremities; dorsal lobe reduced to narrow lamella with acute dorsolaterally oriented angulation (Fig. 3 H). S 8 with apical process elongate; widest at apex; emarginate apically (Fig. 3 I). Ventroapical process of gonobase broad with comparatively long lateral projections. Volsella kidney-shaped; gonostylus not clearly demarcated from rest of gonoforceps. Gonoforceps with medioventral lobe approximately right-angled. Penis valve with pair of subapical membranous lobes, both oriented dorsally (Fig. 3 J). Female: Body length 3.3mm, wing length 2.0mm, head width 0.8mm. Colouration: As in male except as follows: Labrum, mandible and anterior surface of flagellum orange. Clypeus and lower paraocular area lacking pale markings. Legs with marking darker orange; rings on femora and tibiae narrower. Metasomal sterna dark brown. Wing veins pale amber. Surface Sculpture: As for male except as follows: Somewhat less dull throughout due to slightly weaker microsculpture. Spacing of punctures on supraclypeal area less regular, i= 1–5 d. Scutellum with space for approximately 12 punctures between admedian and parapsidal line. Metanotum no duller than scutellum. Mesopleural punctures finer. Lateral sulcus of propodeum very weak. Pubescence: As in male except as follows: Comparatively sparse scopa on hind leg, with hairs on femur and tibia <3 MOD. Metasomal scopal hairs with short branches on anterior side of rhachis, well developed corbicula on S 2, <5 MOD; scopal hairs on S 3 <4 MOD; apical row of hairs on S 4 <3 MOD; Structure: Maxillary palpus unmodified, somewhat less than 0.5 X as long as prementum. Prementum 4 X longer than greatest width; premental fovea large, carinate laterally. Lacinia an elongate triangle, more than 3 X as long as greatest breadth. Lorum weakly sclerotised except towards apex, 0.33 X as long as cardo. Rest of body as in male except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows: Facial fovea larger (Fig. 3 C). Frons less strongly swollen around median ocellus and dorsally along inner margin of eye, median ocellus not visible in profile, area around it somewhat flattened (as in Figs. 3 C and D), region between medial and lateral swellings concave. Supraclypeal area shorter than in male (Fig. 3 C). Gena more than 0.5 X as long as width of compound eye (Fig. 3 D). Apical lunule of S 5 forming approximately equilateral triangle. Sting apparatus: Hemitergite 7 (Fig. 3 K) with lateral portion of marginal ridge thick almost to apex with obtuse angle at base of lateral process; lateral lamella approximately triangular, medial portion of marginal ridge concave; spiracle closer to lateral portion of marginal ridge than to apex of lamina spiracularis, set in shallow depression; apodeme poorly developed; posterior margin of lamina spiracularis obtusely excised. Hemitergite 8 (Fig. 3 H) with anterior ridge strongly developed to apex, straight except slightly produced anteriorly at apex; margin of plate and junction of apodeme and plate both slightly sinuate. First valvifer comparatively long and parallel-sided with short dorsal and ventral processes. Second valvifer with apodemal ridge slightly convex, apical process weakly developed, pars articularis narrowly rounded, incisura postarticularis moderately broad, portion of plate basal to gonostylus membranous, gonostylus somewhat parallel-sided. Sting shaft with basal bulb 2 / 3 as long as stylet, ventral surface slightly concave; processus muscularis and processus medianus not strongly developed (Fig. 3 M). Furcula with ventral arms narrow apically considerably broadened near basal one third, in lateral view strongly reminiscent of a cheese knife with ventral margin of dorsal arm strongly convex. Material studied. Holotype male and allotype female, ARGENTINA, Catamarca, 17km N. of Andalgala, 14–15.ii. 2003, L. Packer, pan traps; all paratypes are also from Catamarca province and are as follows: 25km N. of Andalgala, 14.ii.03 L. Packer, six females (one in glycerin); 20km N. of Andalgala, 27 o 29 ’ 477 ”S, 0 66 o 23 ’006”W, 1736m, 14.ii.03, L. Packer, three females; Los Nacimientos de Abajo, 16–31.i. 1969 Willink, Torán & Stange, malaise trap, [Entomofauna Subandina], one female; 6km N. of Belén, 1240m, 16–31.i. 1969 Willink, Torán & Stange, malaise trap, [Entomofauna Subandina], one female; Punta Balasto, i. 1997, Arriagada, one female; San Fernando, 7.iii. 1990, Rozen and Roig, on Sclerophyllax gilliesii (Sclerophyllaceae), six females. The holotype and allotype will be housed at MACN pending completion of revisionary studies of the group; the Willink, Torán, Stange females are at IML, Arriagada’s and Rozen and Roig’s specimens are at the AMNH, the remaining paratype females are at PYU. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the large swellings around the median ocellus and just mesad of the upper portion of the eye. Comments. The type series collected by the senior author was found on the roadside between Andalgala and Capillitas in an area that was substantially moister than were the surrounding areas. The two specimens collected by Duckworth have the propodeal sulcus more strongly developed than in the others and approach several undescribed species in the group in this regard. Two females from Sumalao, Salta Province, Argentina (AMNH), collected by Fritz in January 1996 may be attributable to this species.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on pages 5-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
Chilicola tricarinatoides Packer, n. sp.
No full textChilicola tricarinatoides Packer, n. sp. (Figs. 11 A–C) Diagnosis: This species can be differentiated from all other Chilicola by the form of the hind tibia and the punctures on the frons separated by somewhat less than their diameters, as opposed to being crowded and sharp edged as they are in related species. Females are unknown. Otherwise, this species is very similar to C. tricarinata from which it can be differentiated based upon the characteristics listed in the diagnosis for that species. Description. Male: Body length 4.3mm, forewing length 3.0mm, head width 1.0mm. Colouration: Black with following parts yellow: Labrum, mandible (except apex red), large inverted Tshaped mark on clypeus, apical half of anterior surface of scape, spot on pronotal lobe, basal spot on tegula and ventral-most portion of apical swelling of hind tibia. Following parts orange or orange-testaceous: Anterior surface of pedicel and flagellum, apical ring on foretrochanter, anterior surface of fore and mid femora except for dark basal ring; fore and midtibia except for most of outer surface, spot on apex of hind coxa, most of ventral surface of hind trochanter, oval spot on outer surface of hind femur, ventral portion of apical expanded region and narrow apical ring and externoventral margin of hind tibia. All tarsi dusky brown. Wing veins red brown. Tegula clear transparent. Apical impressed areas of metasomal terga pale amber. Metasomal sterna brown. S 6 suffused with testaceous. Surface sculpture: As for C. tricarinata except as follows: Microsculpture sparser making surface somewhat shinier except clypeus duller. Punctation somewhat denser and less regular on clypeus, supraclypeal area and lower paraocular area, i= 0.5–2.5 d. Frons with punctures separated by somewhat less than their diameters. Vertex rugulose. Genal area with weak striae and shallow obscure punctures. Pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum irregularly punctate i= 0.2–2 d. Dorsal surface of propodeum rugoso-reticulate, lateral surface with only strong microsculpture below, dorsolateral area rugose. Mesopleuron irregularly punctate, i= 1–3 d. T 1 –T 2 densely punctate i~d; punctures smaller, more irregular and shallower on more apical terga; basal depressed portions of T 2 –T 3 transversely microstriate; apical impressed areas impunctate. Pubescence: As in C. tricarinata except as follows: Genal beard shorter, 1.5 MOD posteriorly; T 1 –T 3 with apicolateral hair patches sparse; S 2 with sparser and shorter erect pubescence <1 MOD; remaining sterna lacking specialized pubescence although with subapical transverse row <0.75 MOD on S 3 –S 5. Structure: Head (Fig. 11 A): As in C. tricarinata except as follows: Clypeus shorter, length to breadth (38: 45). Supraclypeal area less than 1.5 X as long as apical width (27: 20). IOC 2 X OOC (34: 17). Scape narrower, length to apical breadth 33: 13; flagellomeres broader, length to breadth of F 8 16: 10. Gena longer in comparison to compound eye (20: 48). Mesosoma: As in C. tricarinata except as follows: Hind basitarsus 5 X as long as greatest depth. Dorsal area of propodeum shorter, propodeum:metanotum:scutellum, 22: 18: 30; propodeal sulcus broader, pits clearly transverse throughout. Stigmal margin on marginal cell angularly convex. Metasoma: Subpetiolate, T 1 proportionately longer than in C. tricarinata (90: 65). Terminalia: S 7 as in C. tricarinata except membranous lobe with apicolateral margin broadly rounded with longer setae and anterior laterally directed hair bearing area more extensive (Fig. 11 B). S 8 with apical process comparatively broader and shorter than in C. tricarinata, more strongly broadened towards apex (Fig. 11 C). Genital capsule as in C. tricarinata except: gonobase with ventral process somewhat longer and penis valve with membranous lobe slightly larger. Material studied. Holotype and eight male paratypes (one in glycerin), ARGENTINA: Chubut, 8km S. of Rada Tilly, 45 ° 59 ’043S, 72 ° 36 ’ 322 W, 30m, 24.xi. 2003, L. Packer. The holotype and 3 paratypes are at MACN, the remainder at PYU. One paratype bears a blue label stating: VOUCHER SPECIMEN DNA EXTRACTION E.A.B.Almeida # 62. Comments. This species was collected at the same locality as C. chubutense described above.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
Chilicola (Stenoediscelis) denisii Packer, n. sp.
No full textChilicola (Stenoediscelis) denisii Packer, n. sp. (Figs. 13 A–H) Diagnosis: On the basis of numerous characteristics this species is clearly a member of Toro and Moldenke’s subgenus Stenoediscelis, subsumed within Anoediscelis by Michener (1995), but deserving of subgeneric status based upon phylogenetic analysis (Packer, in press). Synapomorphies for Stenoediscelis include, for both sexes, the previously unnoticed notched parascutal carina (Fig. 13 D); in the male, the form of the hind tibia and basitarsus, both of which are slightly outwardly concave (Fig. 13 E), and the terminalia with a particularly characteristic S 7 (Fig. 13 F); and in the female the subapical mandibular tooth, which is as long as, or almost as long as, the apical tooth and the presence of a medial angulation basal to the subapical tooth (Packer, in press). Males of Chilicola denisii can be differentiated from the two described species of Stenoediscelis, C. inermis (Friese) and C. mailen Toro and Moldenke, on the basis of its almost entirely dark hind tibia. Two additional undescribed species are known from the same geographic region as the type locality for C. denisii in Patagonian Argentina. One can be differentiated from C. denisii on the basis of size; it is less than 3.5mm in length whereas C. denisii is 4.5 –5.0mm, as well as having narrow pale rings on the base and apex of the hind tibia. The remaining species is as large as C. denisii and like it has an entirely dark hind tibia, but has the ventral surface of the hind femur angulate at the base so that it attains its maximum depth in its basal quarter. The hind femur of C. denisii is not swollen basally and attains its maximum depth near midlength (Fig. 13 E). Females of the new species can be differentiated from C. inermis and C. mailen by their generally sparse and irregular mesoscutal punctation, with i= 1–5 d as opposed to i= 1–2 d. The smaller of the undescribed species noted above also has irregular and sparser punctation but can be differentiated readily on the basis of size as noted. Description. Male: body length 5.0mm, forewing length 3.0mm, head width 0.9mm. Colouration: Black, with following parts yellow: Labrum, mandible (except apex red-brown), all of clypeus, lower paraocular area extending to half distance between anterior tentorial pit and upper margin of clypeus. Following parts orange or yellow-orange: Pedicel and flagellum, apical spot on fore- and midfemur, anterodorsal surface of foretibia, foretarsus, basal and apical rings on midtibia. Following parts testaceous: Mid- and hindtarsi and apical ring on hindfemur. Posterior surface of flagellum brown. Tegula translucent dusky brown. Wing veins dark brown, tending to testaceous towards base. Apical impressed areas of metasomal terga translucent dusky brown. Surface Sculpture: Labrum coarsely and irregularly punctate (id, becoming sparser on more posterior terga, apical impressed areas impunctate with weaker microsculpture. Pubescence: White, short and sparse, not especially plumose; longest on genal area (2 MOD), of intermediate length on legs and ventral surface of mesosoma. Without apico-lateral hair patches on metasomal terga and no specialized hair patches on metasomal sterna. Structure: Head: Longer than broad, length to width 13: 12 (Fig. 13 A). Labrum 2 X as broad as long, apical margin slightly produced medially. Mandible length:basal depth ~ 2: 1. Clypeus shorter than broad 38: 45, lower one quarter extending beyond lower ocular tangent, lacking median longitudinal groove (Fig. 13 A). Epistomal suture expanded below anterior tentorial pit into elongate comma, pit adjacent to suture. Subantennal sutures weakly concave outwardly. Supraclypeal area somewhat protuberant dorsally, flat below, length:breadth 25: 21. Frons lacking swellings or depressions. Frontal line raised for lower 0.4 X distance between supraclypeal area and median ocellus, replaced by narrow depression for remaining 0.6 X. Facial fovea present but extremely weakly developed as comparatively shiny area with weak wrinkling in surface above and below. Inner margin of compound eye weakly emarginate, strongly convergent below (Fig. 13 A), UOD:LOD 77: 48. OOC: IOC 22: 28. Lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by slightly less than 2 X its diameter. Vertex rounded in frontal view, slightly longer than LOL in dorsal view. Upper ocular tangent approximately 0.6 MOD below lower margin of median ocellus. Scape slightly shorter than pedicel+F 1 +F 2 combined, almost 3 X as long as broad; F 1 slightly broader than long; F 2 –F 10 almost 2 X as long as broad; F 11 0.75 X as long as F 10; flagellum not markedly increasing in breadth from F 1 to F 11; flagellomeres lacking unusual patterns of setation or structural modifications. Genal area narrower than compound eye (28: 40) (Fig. 13 B). Malar space linear such that presence or absence of malar suture indetectable. Mesosoma: Elongate, approximately 2 X as long as greatest depth. Pronotal collar short, subequal to LOL. Mesoscutum with parascutal carina notched (Fig. 13 D). Episternal groove complete; scrobal groove weakly defined posterior to scrobe, absent anteriorly. Propodeum elongate, dorsal surface as long as posterior depth and subequal to length of scutellum (scutellum:metanotum:propodeum 30: 15: 23), propodeal sulcus absent, area outside of dorsal triangle of propodeum swollen, and dorsal and posterior surfaces at angle of 135 º to each other. Hind trochanter unmodified. Hind femur 2.5 X as long as greatest depth, convex ventrally. Hind tibia laterally compressed, narrow basally, gradually expanding to apical third, somewhat parallel sided to apex, length to greatest depth 90: 23, attaining base of trochanter when folded, lacking angles or carinae (Fig. 13 E). Hind tibial spurs somewhat short but not robust, strongly curved or sclerotised. Hind basitarsus very slightly concave outwardly and slightly downcurved, 5.5 X as long as greatest depth (Fig. 13 E). Hind tarsal claws bifid. Basal vein weakly curved near base; distal stigmal perpendicular crossing near middle of second submarginal cell; stigma shorter than length of marginal cell on wing margin; stigmal margin on marginal cell angularly convex; first recurrent vein apical to first submarginal cross vein. Metasoma: Length and apical width of T 1 subequal; T 2 and T 3 with weak basal depressions; apical impressed area approximately 0.25 X length of tergum. Metasomal sterna unmodified except S 1 concave subapically in profile. Terminalia: S 7 with ventral lobe L-shaped and posteriorly directed, bearing row of long hairs in basal half of outer surface and a few short hairs at extreme apex, dorsal lobe short and flat (Fig. 13 F). S 8 with apical lobe narrowly joined to rest of sternum, apex concave. Gonobase with lateral projection of ventroapical process broadly rounded (Fig. 13 G). Volsella with outer margin angularly and deeply concave before apex. Gonoforceps elongate, gonostylus poorly demarcated from gonocoxite, elongate and narrow. Penis valve with two long membranous lobes, medial one dorsally oriented, lateral one bent inwardly at right angles over medial lobe (Fig. 13 H). Female: Body length 4.5mm, wing length 2.6mm, head width 1.0mm. Colouration: Entirely dark brown-black except anterior surface of F 4 –F 10 pale orange and apical impressed areas of metasomal terga amber. Surface Sculpture: As in male except as follows: Labrum with large dense punctures, i<d. Clypeus with punctures more distinct, i= 1–4 d. Lower paraocular area regularly punctate, i=d; upper paraocular area with shiny almost impunctate area. Frons more regularly punctate, i= 2 d. Vertex with weak transverse wrinkles. Genal area with distinct punctures anteriorly, i~d. Hypostomal area shiny lacking microsculpture with few minute punctures. Mesoscutum with punctures irregular, i= 1–5 d. Metanotum with punctures more distinct and regular than in male, i~d; Pubescence: Longest hairs on frons <1.5 MOD; on genal area, <2 MOD; on lateral surface of thorax 1 MOD. Hind trochanter, femur and tibia with sparse scopal hairs <2 MOD. Metasomal terga lacking apicolateral hair patches. S 2 with long scopal hairs forming corbicula, <4 MOD, with widely spaced, short branches on anterior surface. Structure: As in male except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows (mouthparts and sting apparatus not dissected in sole female specimen): Head longer, length to width 13: 11 (Fig. 13 C). Labrum 2.5 X as wide as long, with circular apicomedial ridge, bearing tuft of setae. Mandible with subapical tooth as long as apical one and with mesal angulation basal to subapical tooth. Frons lacking swellings or depressions. Frontal line raised for lower 0.6 X distance between supraclypeal area and median ocellus. Facial fovea absent but represented by shiny almost impunctate area. OOC: IOC 24: 26. Upper ocular tangent approximately 1 MOD below lower margin of median ocellus. Gena shorter than width of compound eye (30: 36). T 1 broader, length to width 60: 85. S 5 with apical lunule 0.75 X as long as apical width. Material studied. Holotype male: ARGENTINA, Santa Cruz, 20km E. of Los Antiguos, 46 o 36 ’ 595 ” S 0 71 o 21 ’ 472 ”W 17.xi. 2003, pan trap, L. Packer; allotype female: same except 0.5km E. of Los Antiguos, 46 ° 33 ’ 500 ” S 071° 35 ’ 507 ”W, 237m, 17–19.xi. 2003, pan trap, L. Packer. Both known specimens will be housed at MACN. The holotype bears a blue label that states: VOUCHER SPECIMEN DNA EXTRACTION E.A.B. Almeida # 58 extraction date: 7 / 2004. Etymology. This species is named, with gratitude and affection, after the senior author’s father, who ensured that the senior author was not afraid of insects as a child. Comments. The genitalia of this species are very similar to those of C. inermis and particularly, C. mailen, but the outer margin of the ventral lobe of S 7 is straighter and the whole lobe more L-shaped, whereas in the other two species the outer margin is rounded and the whole lobe more lunate. In C. inermis the ventral lobe of S 7 is also more gradually narrowed to the apex and the basal bare area longer than in the other two species.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on pages 37-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
Chilicola liliana Packer, n. sp.
No full textChilicola liliana Packer, n. sp. (Figs. 14 A–G) Diagnosis: This species is known only from females and species groupings in Chilicola are normally based largely upon male characters. Nonetheless, it seems most similar to C. olmue Toro and Moldenke and C. minor (Philippi) two Chilean species moved from Toro and Moldenke’s subgenus Heteroediscelis to Anoediscelis by Michener (1995). The following combination of characteristics allies this species to C. minor and C. olmue: mandible with subapical tooth shorter than apical tooth, maxillary palpus 6 -segmented, anterior tentorial pit elongate and comma-shaped, facial fovea absent (although area above antennal sockets somewhat depressed), pronotal collar short, distal stigmal perpendicular crossing second submarginal cell near middle, hind tibial spurs unmodified, dorsal surface of propodeum much shorter than scutellum, scopal hairs with short branches on anterior of rhachis. All of these characters appear plesiomorphic except for the elongate anterior tentorial pit (Fig. 14 A, Packer, unpublished data), but as this is found in many subgenera of Chilicola, it is not possible to associate this new species with named subgenera. It can be differentiated from C. minor and C. olmue by its shorter head only slightly longer than broad (62: 58) whereas both other species have heads that are almost 1.2 X longer than wide (68: 57). The next species described, C. tregualemu, also appears related to C. minor and C. olmue but is approximately 1.1 X larger than C. liliana with compound eyes more strongly convergent below and with stronger punctation and propodeal sculpture (see below). In the absence of males, this species is considered unassigned to subgenus. Description. Female: Length 3.7mm, wing length 2.5mm, head width 1.0mm. Colouration: Entirely dark brown except for apex of mandible (reddish), extreme apex of fore- and midfemora and extreme base of fore- and midtibiae orange. Tegula and wing veins dark brown. Apical impressed area of metasomal terga translucent. See comments section for variation in colour among individuals. Pubescence: White, fine, mostly short, few long hairs (2 MOD) on frons and genal area, 1.5 MOD on lateral surface of mesosoma and tibial scopa. Apicolateral patches of short plumose hairs on T 1 and T 2. Corbicula of S 2 with long hairs, 3 MOD, with numerous short branches anteriorly on rhachis. S 5 with apical lunule broadly U-shaped, 0.7 X as long as broad. Surface Sculpture: Microsculpture moderately dense, surface dull, shinier on lateral surface of mesosoma and metasomal terga. Punctures small and generally well defined on clypeus and lower paraocular with slightly larger punctures, i= 1–2 d, on clypeus; i~d on lower paraocular area. Supraclypeal area with punctures difficult to discern against roughened surface. Frons with punctures denser below, i~d; sparser laterally and in front of ocelli, i= 1–3 d. Vertex with obscure irregular punctures. Genal area with minute obscure sparse punctures. Pronotal collar with punctures dense laterally, i~d, obscure medially. Mesoscutum with i= 1–2 d except somewhat denser anteriorly and posteriorly. Scutellum with irregular punctures, i= 1–4 d. Metanotum with small dense punctures, i~d. Mesopleuron with small irregular punctures, i= 1–5 d. Dorsal surface of propodeum with irregular longitudinal striae on weakly rugulose background, striae not reaching posterior margin; rest of propodeum almost impunctate shiny with weak microsculpture; dorsolateral area narrowly roughened. Metasomal terga with very obscure and sparse punctures. Structure: Head: Slightly longer than broad, length to width 62: 58 (Fig. 14 A). Maxillary palpus unmodified 0.6 X as long as prementum. Prementum with fovea large, carinate laterally. Lacinia an elongate triangle, 3 X as long as greatest width. Lorum more than 0.33 X as long as cardo. Labrum more than 2 X as broad as long (33: 14), apex very slightly produced medially. Mandible short and broad, length:basal depth ~ 2: 1, subapical tooth long but not reaching apex of mandible. Clypeus slightly broader than long, length to breadth 41: 43, lower one quarter extending beyond lower ocular tangent, lacking median longitudinal groove. Epistomal suture expanded below anterior tentorial pit forming elongate comma, pit not separated from suture. Subantennal sutures slightly convergent below, supraclypeal area slightly longer than broad (20: 18). Frons above antennae depressed. Frontal line distinct for lower 0.4 X length between supraclypeal area and median ocellus. Facial fovea absent. Inner margin of compound eye emarginate, eyes convergent below UOD:LOD 74: 52. OOC shorter than IOC 25: 20. Vertex subequal to length of lateral ocellus, abruptly rounded onto occipital region. Upper ocular tangent crossing lower tangent of median ocellus. Genal area less than one 0.5 X as broad as compound eye (17: 40). Malar space linear such that presence or absence of malar suture indetectable. Mesosoma: Elongate, distance from anterior of pronotal collar to articulation of metasoma approximately 2 X its greatest depth. Pronotal collar short, 1.3 LOL. Episternal groove complete; scrobal groove weakly defined posterior to scrobe, absent anteriorly. Propodeum with dorsal surface short, not much longer than metanotum (scutellum:metanotum:propodeum 30: 14: 16); propodeal sulcus absent. Hind tibial spurs long and not strongly curved or strongly sclerotised. Hind tarsal claws bifid. Basal vein very weakly curved; distal stigmal perpendicular crossing near middle of second submarginal cell; stigma shorter than length of marginal cell on wing margin; stigmal margin on marginal cell very weakly convex; first recurrent vein and first submarginal crossvein approximately interstitial on Rs+M. Metasoma: T 1 shorter than wide (85: 110). Apical impressed areas poorly defined, approximately 0.25 X length of tergum. Sting apparatus: As in Figs. 14 B–G. Hemitergite 7 with lateral portion of marginal ridge somewhat thickened, considerably so close to base of lateral process; lateral process short and acute; lateral lamella long; medial portion of marginal ridge weakly concave; spiracle separated from posterior margin of lamina spiracularis by approximately its own diameter, closer to lateral than medial portion of marginal ridge; posterior margin of lamina spiracularis angularly concave (Fig. 14 B). Hemitergite 8 with anterior ridge weakly convex for basal 0.75, somewhat anteriorly produced for apical 0.25; apodeme larger than plate (Fig. 14 C). First valvifer with dorsal process shorter than ventral process, dorsal margin sinuate. Second valvifer with apodemal ridge straight, region basal to gonostylus membranous, gonostylus converging towards apex from broad base (Fig. 14 D). Ventral margin of sting shaft straight for basal half, then somewhat swollen before narrowing to apex (Fig. 14 E). Furcula with ventral arms parallel-sided, dorsal arm short, in lateral view ventral arm slightly convex dorsally, dorsal arm laterally compressed deeper than ventral arm (Figs. 14 F and G). Material studied. Holotype female and three female paratypes: ARGENTINA: Santa Cruz, ~ 56km S. of Perito Moreno, 19.xi. 2003, L. Packer; ten additional female paratypes, same data except 23.xi. 2003; ARGEN- TINA: Chubut, Estacion Agroforestal del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Trevellin, Site 1, 43°07’ 651 ”S, 071° 33 ’ 723 ”W, 30.i. 2006, M.E. Hollmann ex. Trifolium repens (Fabaceae), one female; same data except site 3, 43 o06’ 871 ” 0 71 o 35 ’ 410 ”, 6.xii. 2006, A–I. Gravel, one female; same as previous except 1.ii. 2006, two females; same except 17.i. 2006, one female; same except site 4, 43 o06’025” S 0 71 o 33 ’ 155 ”W, 26.i. 2006, one female. The holotype female and four paratypes are at MACN, Hollmann’s specimen is at INTA, the remaining paratypes are at PYU. One paratype bears a blue label that states: VOUCHER SPECIMEN DNA EXTRACTION E.A.B. Almeida # 60 extraction date: 7 / 2004. Etymology. This species is named, with gratitude and affection, after the senior author’s mother. Comments. There is some variation in colour among the type series. Some females have the basal portion of the mandible yellow and some have a small irregular orange mark on the clypeus. Most of the specimens from Santa Cruz were collected along the banks of a tiny stream from flowers of Taraxacum (Asteraceae).Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on pages 41-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
Chilicola (Oroediscelis) cuyense Packer & Dumesh 2019, new species
No full text<i>Chilicola</i> (<i>Oroediscelis</i>) <i>cuyense</i> Dumesh and Packer, new species <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A1E698E3- 2100-43 D8-8D34-3C11C4D9FB54</p> <p>(Figs. 74–75, 153, 158, 160)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species is most similar to <i>C. huarpe</i> and <i>C. jaguense</i>. It can be differentiated from the latter by the shorter malar space, ~1/2 as long as wide versus ~2/3 as long as wide. It can be differentiated from <i>C. huarpe</i> by having at least some metapostnotal striate reaching the posterior margin and in the striae of the metatpostnotum, at least some of which reach the posterior margin and T1 strongly imbricate.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Female.</i> Length 7.5 mm; forewing length 4.9 mm, head width 1.7 mm.</p> <p> <i>Head</i>: 1.2 X as long as wide, 80:67; black, orange mark below anterior tentorial pit, extending to apical 1/3 of malar space. Face below antennae shining, weakly imbricate, most strongly on lower 1/3 of supraclypeal area, upper 1/2 of clypeus, and around antennal sockets; face below antennae deeply punctate, i=1–3 d; frontal area densely and evenly punctate, i<d; facial fovea shiny, punctures smaller and sparser than on adjacent frontal area. Malar space slightly more than half as long as wide (12:21). Longest hairs on face above antennal sockets, 1.3 MOD, longer on vertex <2 MOD; genal beard 3 MOD.</p> <p> <i>Mesosoma</i>: Pronotum and anteromedial portion of mesoscutum doubly punctate, small punctures dense, i~d, larger punctures scattered; rest of mesoscutum slightly dull and imbricate, punctures distinct, i=1–1.5 d, smaller anteromedially, i<d; mesoscutellum shiny, punctures distinct, i=0.5–2 d with few scattered minute punctures; metanotum slightly dull, anterior punctures small and dense, i<d, posteriorly punctures larger and sparser, i=1–2 d; mesepisternum imbricate with numerous minute punctures (i=1–2 d) among larger ones, i=1–3 d; metepisternum longitudinally rugosostriate above, coarsely imbricate below, with dense punctures. Mesoscutum lacking long hairs, hairs <0.5 MOD; mesepisternum with longest hairs ventrally ~1.5 MOD. Stigma shorter than marginal cell on costal margin, 55:75; apex of marginal cell abruptly curving from anterior wing margin, almost truncate; distal stigma perpendicular just apical to first submarginal crossvein. Metapostnotum with most striae long, nearly reaching posterior margin of metapostnotum, median stria reaching posterior margin; lateral surface of propodeum imbricate, punctures shallow, large at midlength dorsally, smaller elsewhere.</p> <p> <i>Metasoma</i>: terga shiny, shallowly imbricate; T1 doubly punctate, minute punctures more abundant than large ones on disc, large punctures evenly spaced, i~d; minute punctures decreasing in abundance on T4–T5, i=1–2 d, mainly restricted to apical impressed areas.</p> <p> <i>Male</i>: unknown. <b>Material studied.</b> <i>Holotype</i> female: ARGENTINA, <i>San Juan</i>, Leoncito, Feb. 14. ii., 1966. C.C. Porter [MCZ] [See Figs. 184–185 for distribution map]. <b>Etymology.</b> The species is named after the historical province of Cuyo, which encompassed the present day provinces of San Luis, Mendoza and the home province for the new species, San Juan.</p>Published as part of <i>Packer, Laurence & Dumesh, Sheila, 2019, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Oroediscelis) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Xeromelissinae) with illustrated keys to the males and females of the subgenus, pp. 1-56 in Zootaxa 4559 (1)</i> on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2585011">http://zenodo.org/record/2585011</a>
Chilicola (Oroediscelis) huarpe Packer & Dumesh 2019, new species
No full text<i>Chilicola</i> (<i>Oroediscelis</i>) <i>huarpe</i> Packer and Dumesh, new species <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BC8DE4B2-5883-4978-8788-40C4C3B33CBD</p> <p>(Figs. 72–73, 144, 156–157, 159)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> The female of this species can be differentiated by the combination of short striae on the metapostnotum and abundant minute punctures among the larger ones on T1. It is most similar to <i>C. jaguense</i> but differs as noted in the diagnosis for that species.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Female.</i> Length 7.0 mm; forewing length 4.6 mm, head width 1.6 mm.</p> <p> <i>Head</i>: 1.2 X as long as wide, 98:81; black, small orange mark below anterior tentorial pit, and on apical 1/3 of malar space. Face below antennae shining, weakly imbricate, most strongly on lower 1/4 of supraclypeal area and upper 1/3 of clypeus; face below antennae deeply punctate, i=1–4 d; frontal area densely and evenly punctate, i<d; facial fovea shiny, punctures smaller than on adjacent frontal area. Malar space approximately half as long as wide (10:21). Longest hairs on face above antennal sockets, 1.3 MOD, longer on vertex <2 MOD; genal beard <3 MOD.</p> <p> <i>Mesosoma</i>: Pronotum but not anteromedial portion of mesoscutum doubly punctate, small punctures dense, i~d, larger punctures scattered; rest of mesoscutum somewhat dull, punctures distinct, i=1–1.5 d, smaller anteromedially, i~d; mesoscutellum shiny, punctures distinct, i=0.5–1d with few scattered minute punctures; metanotum somewhat shiny, anterior punctures small and dense, i<d, posteriorly punctures larger and sparser, i=0.5–2 d; mesepisternum with numerous minute punctures among larger ones, i=1–3 d; metepisternum longitudinally rugoso-striate above, coarsely imbricate below, with dense punctures. Mesoscutum lacking long hairs, hairs <0.5 MOD; mesepisternum with longest hairs ventrally ~2 MOD. Stigma shorter than marginal cell on costal margin, 32:45; apex of marginal cell abruptly curving from anterior wing margin, almost truncate; distal stigma perpendicular just apical to first submarginal crossvein. Metapostnotum with most striae short, ~1/2 length of metapostnotum except for median stria and few lateral ones; lateral surface of propodeum imbricate, punctures shallow, large at midlength dorsally, smaller elsewhere.</p> <p> <i>Metasoma</i>: terga shiny, shallowly imbricate; T1 doubly punctate, minute punctures more abundant than large ones on disc, large punctures evenly spaced, i~d, microsculpture absent basal to apical impressed area; minute punctures decreasing in abundance on more successive terga, i=1–2 d.</p> <p> <i>Male</i>: unknown.</p> <p> <b>Material studied.</b> <i>Holotype</i> female: ARGENTINA, <i>Mendoza</i>, Uspelleta,[Uspallata] i.1947, Hayward & Willink [MACN] [See Figs. 184–185 for distribution map].</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species is named after the Huarpe people, who used to inhabit northern Mendoza and southern San Juan.</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> This species is found further south than any other in the subgenus.</p>Published as part of <i>Packer, Laurence & Dumesh, Sheila, 2019, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Oroediscelis) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Xeromelissinae) with illustrated keys to the males and females of the subgenus, pp. 1-56 in Zootaxa 4559 (1)</i> on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2585011">http://zenodo.org/record/2585011</a>
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