838 research outputs found
Multiscale computational modelling and analysis of cancer invasion
No full textRecognised as a key stage in cancer growth and spread in the human body, the cancer cell invasion process is crucial for metastatic spread and the subsequent development of secondary cancers. Tissue scale proliferation and migration in conjunction with a pallet of arising cell-scale dynamics including altered adhesion and secretion of matrix degrading enzymes enable the cancer cells to actively spread locally into the surrounding tissue. This biological multiscale character that cancer invasion exhibits therefore explores the natural two-way link between the molecular processes occurring at the level of individual cells (micro-scale) and the processes occurring at the level of cell population (macro-scale). This chapter will address these multiscale biological processes from a mathematical modelling and analysis perspective, gradually paving the way towards an integrated multiscale framework that explores the tight connection between the tissues scale changes in tumour morphology and the cell-scale dynamics of proteolytic enzymes in the neighbourhood of the tumour interface
Modelling, simulations, and social impact of evolutionary virus pandemics
No full textThis chapter provides an introduction to the contents of this edited book which is devoted to the modelling and simulation of mutating virus pandemics in a globally connected world. The presentation is proposed in three parts. Firstly we report about motivations and objectives of the edited book consistent with the idea that mathematical models should go beyond deterministic population dynamics by considering multiscale, heterogeneous features of the complex system under consideration. The second part provides a brief introduction to the contents of the chapters that follow this editorial introduction. A forward look to research perspectives follows
A study of role conflict in a changing society with special reference to some twentieth century problems
No full textThis thesis arises out of a very practical and personal need to identify, examine and possibly resolve any role conflict that might be experienced by the military chaplain in the performance of his religious and military duties. It endeavours to trace the dilemma against a background of certain military and political activities and in the light of some theological comment to arrive at some form of modus Vivendi whereby those who legitimately take up arms in the defence of their country are not without the ministry and help of those who, in ordination, have taken up the profession of Jesus Christ. The history of the military chaplain is traced from the early days of his acceptance by society to the time when he begins to feel rejected and serious doubts are being raised as to his ability to serve both God and Caesar. In an attempt to discover if there is any support or even understanding for his peculiar and specialised ministry the relationship between Church and State is examined and analysed. The role of the chaplain in both war and peace is studied with particular reference to the nuclear deterrent debate, Northern Ireland and its problems and of course the two great world wars of the twentieth century. Questions are asked of many chaplains in an attempt to discover if the conflict is in any sense destructive of their ministry or indeed oreative. In the end the role of the military chaplain is seen to be but a microcosmic .reflection of the paradoxical role that is continually being experienced by all Christians in their attempts to establish the Kingdom of God in a world which is far from perfect
Mathematical Modelling of Cancer Invasion: A Review
No full textFunding: MAJC gratefully acknowledges the support of EPSRC Grant No. EP/S030875/1 (EPSRC SofTMech∧MP Centre-to-Centre Award).A defining feature of cancer is the capability to spread locally into the surrounding tissue, with cancer cells spreading beyond any normal boundaries. Cancer invasion is a complex phenomenon involving many inter-connected processes at different spatial and temporal scales. A key component of invasion is the ability of cancer cells to alter and degrade the extracellular matrix through the secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes. Combined with excessive cell proliferation and cell migration (individual and collective), this facilitates the spread of cancer cells into the local tissue. Along with tumour-induced angiogenesis, invasion is a critical component of metastatic spread, ultimately leading to the formation of secondary tumours in other parts of the host body. In this paper we present an overview of the various mathematical models and different modelling techniques and approaches that have been developed over the past 25 years or so and which focus on various aspects of the invasive process
The Free Church army chaplain 1830-1930.
No full textThe study traces the efforts of English Nonconformists to provide
chaplains for their adherents in the British Army. Unrecognised
by the War Office, and opposed by the Church of England, the
Wesleyan Methodists persisted in providing an unpaid civilian
ministry until, by stages, they secured partial recognition in
1862 and 1881. The respect earned by volunteer Wesleyan civilian
chaplains, who accompanied the troops on most colonial and
imperial expeditions in the last quarter of the century,
culminating in the Boer War, prompted the War Office in 1903 to
offer them a number of commissioned chaplaincies. The Wesleyans
declined the offer. Although they had earlier, and after
anguished debate, accepted State payment of chaplains, they were
not prepared to accept military control of them.
In the Great War, Wesleyan chaplains were nevertheless obliged to
accept temporary commissions. Congregationalists, Baptists,
Primitive and United Methodists, through a United Board, provided
another stream of chaplains. With the political help of Lloyd
George, both sets of Nonconformists secured equitable treatment
at the hands of the Church of England and, through an
Interdenominational Committee, gained positions of considerable
influence over chaplaincy policy. In the field, remarkably for
the age, they joined with Presbyterians and Roman Catholics in a
single chain of command. By 1918, over 500 Wesleyan and United
Board commissioned chaplains were engaged. After the war, as the price of retaining their newly won standing
and influence, both the Wesleyans and the United Board
denominations accepted permanent commissions for their chaplains
and their absorption within a unified Chaplains Department.
Acceptability was secured through willingness to compromise on
voluntaryism and conformity to the State
Army chaplain credited with inventing Basketball (March 26, 2015)
No full textA printed copy of an article titled "Army chaplain credited with inventing basketball," published by the Department of Defense through their defense.gov website. The article was published on March 26, 2015 and was written by Mark W. Johnson. It details James A. Naismith's work as an army chaplain in the Kansas Army National Guard and his work in France during World War I.To learn more about Dr. James Naismith, see: https://springfield.as.atlas-sys.com/agents/people/64
Derivation and application of effective interface conditions for continuum mechanical models of cell invasion through thin membranes
No full textFunding: UK EPSRC grant no. EP/N014642/1.We consider a continuum mechanical model of cell invasion through thin membranes. The model consists of a transmission problem for cell volume fraction complemented with continuity of stresses and mass flux across the surfaces of the membranes. We reduce the original problem to a limiting transmission problem whereby each thin membrane is replaced by an effective interface, and we develop a formal asymptotic method that enables the derivation of a set of biophysically consistent transmission conditions to close the limiting problem. The formal results obtained are validated via numerical simulations showing that the relative error between the solutions to the original transmission problem and the solutions to the limiting problem vanishes when the thickness of the membranes tends to zero. In order to show potential applications of our effective interface conditions, we employ the limiting transmission problem to model cancer cell invasion through the basement membrane and the metastatic spread of ovarian carcinoma.Peer reviewe
UNIVERSITY OF UTAH HOSPITAL NAMES FIRST CHAPLAIN
No full textMark L. Allison, a hospice chaplain and pastoral counselor from Seattle, Washington, has been named the first chaplain of University of Utah Hospitals & Clinics
Hopf bifurcation in a gene regulatory network model : molecular movement causes oscillations
No full textM.A.J.C. and M.S. gratefully acknowledge the support of the ERC Advanced Investigator Grant 227619, “M5CGS — From Mutations to Metastases: Multiscale Mathematical Modelling of Cancer Growth and Spread”. M.S. would also like to thank the support from the Mathematical Biosciences Institute at the Ohio State University and NSF Grant DMS0931642.Gene regulatory networks, i.e. DNA segments in a cell which interact with each other indirectly through their RNA and protein products, lie at the heart of many important intracellular signal transduction processes. In this paper, we analyze a mathematical model of a canonical gene regulatory network consisting of a single negative feedback loop between a protein and its mRNA (e.g. the Hes1 transcription factor system). The model consists of two partial differential equations describing the spatio-temporal interactions between the protein and its mRNA in a one-dimensional domain. Such intracellular negative feedback systems are known to exhibit oscillatory behavior and this is the case for our model, shown initially via computational simulations. In order to investigate this behavior more deeply, we undertake a linearized stability analysis of the steady states of the model. Our results show that the diffusion coefficient of the protein/mRNA acts as a bifurcation parameter and gives rise to a Hopf bifurcation. This shows that the spatial movement of the mRNA and protein molecules alone is sufficient to cause the oscillations. Our result has implications for transcription factors such as p53, NF-κB and heat shock proteins which are involved in regulating important cellular processes such as inflammation, meiosis, apoptosis and the heat shock response, and are linked to diseases such as arthritis and cancer.Peer reviewe
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