32 research outputs found
Oral history of Mr. Jeffery Chaddock Conducted on April 17, 2025 By Bryson Phillip Pantoja
No full textMr. Jeffery D. Chaddock shares his personal history and reflects on the many philanthropic efforts he and his husband, Mark Morrow, have undertaken—particularly in support of the arts and environmental conservation in Appalachian Ohio.
Among their most impactful contributions are a 20 million gift to support the Ohio University Press and the university\u27s Pride Center. In recognition of their generosity, the College of Fine Arts was officially renamed the Jeffery D. Chaddock and Mark A. Morrow College of Fine Arts in 2024.
Mr. Chaddock also discusses the cultural and political changes he witnessed during his time as a student at Ohio University. His story—and his enduring commitment to the region—represent an important chapter in the ongoing history of southeastern Ohio and the university.
This interview was conducted as part of a class project for Recording Memory: Methods and Uses of Oral History, Spring 2025, Alexander G. Lovelace (Ph.D.) Instructorhttps://ohioopen.library.ohio.edu/hist4798/1002/thumbnail.jp
Diagnostic and clinical value of routine polymerase chain reaction analysis of intraocular fluid specimens in the diagnosis of suspected infectious posterior uveitis
No full textA neuroimaging investigation of the association between aerobic fitness, hippocampal volume and memory performance in preadolescent children
No full textBecause children are becoming increasingly overweight, unhealthy and unfit, understanding the neurocognitive benefits of an active lifestyle in childhood has important public health and educational implications. Animal research has indicated that aerobic exercise is related to increased cell proliferation and survival in the hippocampus as well as enhanced hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Recent evidence extends this relationship to elderly humans by suggesting that high aerobic fitness levels in older adults are associated with increased hippocampal volume and superior memory performance. The present study aimed to further extend the link between fitness, hippocampal volume, and memory to a sample of preadolescent children. To this end, magnetic resonance imaging was employed to investigate whether high- and low-fit 9- and 10-year-old children showed differences in hippocampal volume and if the differences were related to performance on an item and relational memory task. Relational but not item memory is primarily supported by the hippocampus. Consistent with predictions, high-fit children showed greater bilateral hippocampal volumes. Furthermore, hippocampal volume was positively associated with performance on the relational but not the item memory task. The findings are the first to suggest that aerobic fitness can impact the structure and function of the developing human brain.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2009-11-11T15:00:02Z
Item was in collections:
University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1)
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The effects of physical activity on the brain and cognition during childhood
No full textThis dissertation investigates the influence of physical activity on the cognitive and brain health of children. It is motivated by experimental studies in rodents and older adults that demonstrate a positive influence of physical activity and aerobic exercise on cognition, brain structure, and brain function. Furthermore, a growing number of cross-sectional studies suggest that physical activity and higher levels of aerobic fitness in children are positively associated with brain structure, brain function, cognition, and school achievement. Higher fit children have larger brain volumes in the basal ganglia and hippocampus, which relate to superior performance on tasks of cognitive control and memory, respectively, when compared to their lower fit peers. Higher fit children also show superior brain function during tasks of cognitive control and better academic achievement compared to lower fit and less active children. This dissertation extends previous cross-sectional research by examining the influence of a 9-month randomized controlled after school physical activity program on brain structure, brain function, and cognition in children. Children were randomized into a physical activity intervention group or a wait list control group, and VO2 max fitness testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive testing were conducted before and after the 9-month intervention. Structural brain measures included volumes of the basal ganglia and hippocampus characterized by FMRIB’s Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST) as well as the integrity of white matter tracts using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Brain function was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while children performed a task that required attentional, interference and inhibitory control. Although this dissertation is limited by a small sample size and lack of statistical interactions, it is one of the first studies to use MRI techniques to make preliminary conclusions about the association between participation in an after school physical activity program and cognitive and brain health in children. Eight- to 9-year-old children who participated in more than the recommended 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity, 5 days per week, for approximately 9 months, showed within-group increases in the volume of the dorsal striatum of the basal ganglia and the hippocampus. Physically active children also demonstrated within-group increases in fractional anisotropy (an estimation of white matter integrity) and decreased radial diffusivity (an estimation of myelination) in a global network of white matter tracts throughout the brain from pre-test to post-test. Additionally, children in the physical activity program demonstrated within-group improvements in attentional control during a flanker task, which paralleled decreases in fMRI brain activation in the right anterior prefrontal cortex. In fact, their changes in activation and performance led to brain function similar to young adults. Children in the wait list control group did not show changes in anterior prefrontal activation or performance from pre-test to post-test. Given that children have become increasingly sedentary, unfit and overweight, understanding the benefits of physical activity on cognition is of great significance. This dissertation suggests that physical activity may improve the cognitive and brain health of 8- to 9-year-old children. Although the results are preliminary, they have implications for the biological potential of the brain during periods of maturation and brain development, and suggest that the developing brain is plastic and sensitive to lifestyle factors. In particular, this dissertation demonstrates that physical activity during childhood may influence the volume of the basal ganglia and hippocampus, the integrity of white matter tracts, and brain activation in the prefrontal cortex. Hopefully, the results will raise public awareness of the cognitive benefits of physical activity during childhood.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2012-11-26T15:25:48Z
Item was in collections:
University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1)
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Values Affecting Collaboration Among Psychologists and Evangelical Clergy
No full textPrevious research has shown that shared values are important to both clergy and psychologists when considering the possibility of collaborating with one another, but it is not clear which values must be shared. Eighty-one psychologists and 56 evangelical Protestant clergy were surveyed using a values questionnaire developed by Jensen and Bergin (1988) with some additional items specifically pertaining to evangelical beliefs, revealing differences within value themes between clergy and psychologists. The epistemological foundations of the two professions create obstacles to collaboration, suggesting a need for psychologists to develop trusting relationships with clergy, engage in specialized training, and reevaluate the post-modern distinction between facts in the public domain and privately held values
Engineering Botulinum Toxins to Improve and Expand Targeting and SNARE Cleavage Activity
No full textBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are highly successful protein therapeutics. Over 40 naturally occurring BoNTs have been described thus far and, of those, only 2 are commercially available for clinical use. Different members of the BoNT family present different biological properties but share a similar multi-domain structure at the molecular level. In nature, BoNTs are encoded by DNA in producing clostridial bacteria and, as such, are amenable to recombinant production through insertion of the coding DNA into other bacterial species. This, in turn, creates possibilities for protein engineering. Here, we review the production of BoNTs by the natural host and also recombinant production approaches utilised in the field. Applications of recombinant BoNT-production include the generation of BoNT-derived domain fragments, the creation of novel BoNTs with improved performance and enhanced therapeutic potential, as well as the advancement of BoNT vaccines. In this article, we discuss site directed mutagenesis, used to affect the biological properties of BoNTs, including approaches to alter their binding to neurons and to alter the specificity and kinetics of substrate cleavage. We also discuss the target secretion inhibitor (TSI) platform, in which the neuronal binding domain of BoNTs is substituted with an alternative cellular ligand to re-target the toxins to non-neuronal systems. Understanding and harnessing the potential of the biological diversity of natural BoNTs, together with the ability to engineer novel mutations and further changes to the protein structure, will provide the basis for increasing the scope of future BoNT-based therapeutics
A literature review and critical analysis of school violence and teachers' perception of the zero tolerance policy
No full textPlan BAs a precursor to a proposed study examining teacher perceptions of the zero tolerance policy, this paper will review and critically analyze research and literature pertaining to school violence and zero tolerance policies. The goal of the proposed research is to identify the benefits, drawbacks, and perceived effectiveness of the zero tolerance policy as a preventative tool against school violence. The research hypothesis for the proposed study is that the majority of public school teachers will believe the zero tolerance policy is ineffective, has a negative impact on students, and does not prevent school violence; that is it does not fulfill its intended purpose
Market Potential and Operational Scenarios for Virtual Coupling
No full textThis document evaluates the attractiveness of Virtual Coupling (VC) for different market segments (high-speed, main line, regional, urban/suburban, freight) and defines operational scenarios for each of them. A SWOT analysis identifies main strengths and weaknesses of the Virtual Coupling concept and corresponding opportunities and threats to each specific railway market segment. The research relies on a Delphi method with an extensive survey of expert opinions and stated travel preferences assuming VC has been implemented. The survey involved subject matter experts of the wide European railway industry including infrastructure managers, railway undertakings, system suppliers, transport authorities, railway institutions, private consultants and academics. In addition, travel preferences have been collected by interviewing European representatives belonging to other socio professional categories. Results show that the implementation of Virtual Coupling can be attractive to customers of high-speed, main line, regional and especially freight segments. Virtual Coupling has the potential of completely changing the way in which such segments operate and attract a modal shift from other transport modes to railways. Customers are even willing to pay higher fares for more frequent and flexible train services, especially on the regional and freight segments which are currently perceived as not satisfactory. Several operational scenarios have been defined based on the outcomes of the survey, setting market-attractive VC service headways for each market segment as well as specifying characteristics of rolling stock, power supply, traffic, and platform crowd management. Principles to couple/decouple convoys of virtually coupled trains are also provided based on the specific network characteristics of the different market segments.A SWOT analysis is presented which builds on the outcomes of the survey, the operational scenarios and brainstorming sessions with experts of the European railway industry. The main strengths identified for VC are a substantial increase in capacity and reduced operational costs with respect to Moving Block while mitigating delay propagation and improving reliability of ground/train communication. On the other hand, weaknesses of this concept refer to the fact that capacity gains at diverging junctions equipped with current switch technologies might be marginal, since here trains still need to be separated by a full braking distance. Also, the implementation of VC operations would require an investment to upgrade the overhead line system, platform lengths (to allow platoons of trains to stop) and possibly the switch technology. An upgrade of the switch technology towards faster and more reliable ones (e.g. Railtaxi and REPOINT) will unleash the full potential of VC operations. Significant opportunities will be brought about Virtual Coupling such as potential increase in the profit of infrastructure managers and operators as well as a deregulation of the current railway market which could be opened also to smaller transport operators due to the increase of available train paths and the decrease of operational costs by full train automation. In addition, the train-to-train communication could lead to the institution of cooperative consortia of railway operators which can be more economically beneficial than the current competitive market model. This would also provide the chance to migrate obsolescent command and control systems towards future-proof digital railway architectures. Possible threats to the introduction of this concept mainly relate to potential increase of train control complexity increasing risks of approval from the railway industry. The need for an initial investment might be not well received by infrastructure managers and local governments. As well as the necessity of partially changing policies, operational procedures and engineering rules currently in place. When overcoming such challenges, Virtual Coupling has potentials to fully revolutionise and improve current train operations so to induce a sustainable shift to railways.Transport and Plannin
Role of Childhood Aerobic Fitness in Successful Street Crossing
No full textIn this work, task complexity is considered as a multidimensional, integral characteristic of a task. The more complex a task is, the higher the cognitive demands for performing the task. Components of task complexity impose demands on the mental efforts of users. This article proposes a general approach to evaluate the complexity of computer-based tasks. The proposed principles of complexity evaluation and measures of complexity provide a proper basis for optimization, modification, and enhancement of the software design process. Experimental results support the effectiveness of the proposed method for both the design of man-machine systems and human-computer interfaces. The suggested methods and principles of complexity assessment derive from systemic-structural activity theory. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
