1,720,982 research outputs found
I can see my virtual body in a mirror: The role of visual perspective in changing implicit racial attitudes using virtual reality
No full textINTRODUCTION: Recent studies showed that VR is a valid tool to change implicit attitudes toward outgroup members. Here, we extended this work by investigating conditions under which virtual reality (VR) is effective in changing implicit racial attitudes. METHODS: To this end, participants were embodied in a Black or White avatar and we manipulated the perspective through which they could see their virtual body. Participants in one condition, could see their virtual body both from a first-person perspective (i.e., by looking down toward themselves) and reflected in a mirror placed in front of them in the VR environment. Participants in another condition could instead see their virtual body only from a first-person perspective (i.e., by looking down toward themselves) as no mirror was placed in the VR environment. Implicit racial attitudes were assessed using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) before and immediately after the VR intervention. RESULTS: Results showed that when White participants were embodied in a Black avatar compared to a White avatar, they showed a decrease in their implicit pro-White attitudes but only when they could see their virtual body both from a first-person perspective and in a mirror. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that, in immersive virtual reality interventions, the possibility for participants to see their body also reflected in a mirror, might be a critical factor in changing their implicit racial attitudes
The implicit association between masculinity and criminal organizations
No full textAbstract Criminal groups, such as Italian criminal organizations, exert governance over communities. According to Intra-Cultural Appropriation Theory (ICAT), these groups can gain a degree of legitimacy by strategically appropriating masculinity values. Specifically, by portraying themselves as embodying masculinity, criminal organizations are evaluated more positively by individuals who endorse masculine honor ideologies. An untested assumption of this process is that individuals ascribe masculine qualities to criminal groups. In two studies (N tot = 310), we employed the Single Category Implicit Association Test to investigate whether individuals implicitly associated the categories of ‘male’ (Study 1) and ‘masculinity’ (Study 2) with criminal organizations as opposed to the state. Additionally, in Study 2, we tested whether this implicit association moderated the relationship between individuals’ endorsement of masculine honor ideology and their attitudes toward criminal organizations. The findings supported the hypothesis that individuals implicitly attributed masculinity-related concepts to criminal organizations. Study 2 further showed that the positive link between endorsement of masculine honor ideology and legitimizing attitudes towards criminal organizations was stronger when individuals also held a stronger implicit association between masculinity and criminal organizations
Sospensione dell'incredulità e false credenze: una verifica sperimentale
No full textLa sospensione dello scetticismo è un atteggiamento che consiste nell’accettare delle affermazioni sospendendo il giudizio di veridicità delle stesse. Quindi consideraremomentaneamente come vere delle affermazioni che altrimenti giudicheremmo come false.Gilbert e colleghi (Gilbert, Krull, & Malone, 1990) sostengono che la sospensione dell’incredulità, e la conseguente accettazione di ogni affermazione come vera, sia un processoautomatico e condizione necessaria per comprendere. Le persone quindi avrebbero una scarsa capacità di mantenere un atteggiamento scettico o di non farsi influenzare daaffermazioni non veritiere se sottoposte a carico cognitivo o a limiti temporali.L’obiettivo di questo studio è di testare tali assunzioni in due esperimenti
Sociodemographic and ideological factors predict implicit and explicit gender discrimination beliefs
No full textAre Women or Men the Target of Discrimination in Society? The Role of Benevolent and Hostile Sexism in Implicit and Explicit Gender-Discrimination Beliefs
No full textGli uomini sono ora considerati un gruppo discriminato? Credenze esplicite e implicite di discriminazione.
No full textDo women or men experience more discrimination? The role of benevolent and hostile sexism in implicit and explicit gender-discrimination beliefs
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Implicit racial stereotypes may temporarily shift after reading a story
Full text linkThis study demonstrated that implicit preferences for Whites compared to Blacks can be temporarily (i.e., less than a week) reduced or reversed by reading a counter- stereotypical scenario about an assault. Explicit racial associations (i.e., White = Bad, Black = Good) appear to be not a crucial component of the scenario for shifting the bias but seem to play a role in increasing the malleability effect of implicit racial attitudes. When they were not included in the scenario, a reduction of the implicit preferences for Whites compared to Blacks (Experiment 2) was observed, whereas when they were included we found a reverse of the implicit racial bias indicating a preference for Blacks than to Whites (Experiment 1)
Developmental Coordination Disorder: State of the Art and Future Directions from a Neurophysiological Perspective
No full textDevelopmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition characterized by disabling motor impairments being visible from the first years of life. Over recent decades, research in this field has gained important results, showing alterations in several processes involved in the regulation of motor behavior (e.g., planning and monitoring of actions, motor learning, action imitation). However, these studies mostly pursued a behavioral approach, leaving relevant questions open concerning the neural correlates of this condition. In this narrative review, we first survey the literature on motor control and sensorimotor impairments in DCD. Then, we illustrate the contributions to the field that may be achieved using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex. While still rarely employed in DCD research, this approach offers several opportunities, ranging from the clarification of low-level cortical electrophysiology to the assessment of the motor commands transmitted throughout the corticospinal system. We propose that TMS may help to investigate the neural correlates of motor impairments reported in behavioral studies, thus guiding DCD research toward a brain-oriented acknowledgment of this condition. This effort would help translational research to provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools
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