382 research outputs found
El liderazgo de Blair y Aznar hacia el centro político
No full textLos modelos espaciales derivados de la teoría de Downs toman las preferencias de los votantes como exógenas al proceso político. Según esta visión los partidos que quieren maximizar el número de votos son los que deben moverse hacia el votante mediano y no viceversa. En este artículo rompemos con este supuesto y estudiamos la capacidad de los partidos de ejercer un efecto liderazgo sobre las preferencias de los votantes. Para ello analizamos los casos de moderación política de Tony Blair en el Reino Unido y de José María Aznar en España. Nuestros resultados confirman que estos líderes políticos fueron capaces de alterar las preferencias de los votantes, aunque esta capacidad dependió de la identificación o lealtad hacia el partido. The spatial models derived from Downs’s theory assume that voters’ preferences are exogenous to the political process. According to this vision, vote-maximising parties have to move towards the median voter and not vice versa. In this article we challenge this assumption and study the capacity of political parties to lead the preferences of the electorate. The article focuses on two cases of political moderation: Tony Blair in the United Kingdom and Jose Maria Aznar in Spain. Our results confirm that to some extent these political leaders were able to modify the preferences of the electorate, although their capacity to do so depended on voters’ identification with or loyalty towards the party
Narrativa española fuera de España (1963): el epistolario Max Aub-José Ramón Marra-López
No full textEl epistolario inédito entre Max Aub y José Ramón Marra-López, que se conserva en el Archivo de la Fundación Max Aub (AMA) de Segorbe, consta de veintiséis cartas cruzadas entre ambos desde 1960 hasta 1971: doce de Marra-López y catorce de Aub, cuya edición se publicará en El Correo de Euclides (Aznar Soler 2025b). En este artículo me propongo estudiar, a partir de su correspondencia, la relación entre el autor de Narrativa española fuera de España, residente en aquel Madrid franquista, y el escritor exiliado en México.
The unpublished correspondence between Max Aub and José Ramón Marra-López, preserved in the Archive of the Max Aub Foundation (AMA) in Segorbe, consists of twenty-six letters exchanged between the two from 1960 to 1971: twelve from Marra-López and fourteen from Aub, an edition of which will be published in El Correo de Euclides (Aznar Soler 2025b). In this article I propose to study, based on their correspondence, the relationship between the author of Narrativa española fuera de España, resident in that Francoist Madrid, and the writer exiled in Mexico.The unpublished correspondence between Max Aub and José Ramón Marra-López, preserved in the Archive of the Max Aub Foundation (AMA) in Segorbe, consists of twenty-six letters exchanged between the two from 1960 to 1971: twelve from Marra-López and fourteen from Aub, an edition of which will be published in El Correo de Euclides (Aznar Soler 2025b). In this article I propose to study, based on their correspondence, the relationship between the author of Narrativa española fuera de España, resident in that Francoist Madrid, and the writer exiled in Mexico.
El epistolario inédito entre Max Aub y José Ramón Marra-López, que se conserva en el Archivo de la Fundación Max Aub (AMA) de Segorbe, consta de veintiséis cartas cruzadas entre ambos desde 1960 hasta 1971: doce de Marra-López y catorce de Aub, cuya edición se publicará en El Correo de Euclides (Aznar Soler 2025b). En este artículo me propongo estudiar, a partir de su correspondencia, la relación entre el autor de Narrativa española fuera de España, residente en aquel Madrid franquista, y el escritor exiliado en México
José Camón Aznar: Documentación de la Crítica de Arte en la “Tercera de ABC”
No full textDocumentation hemerográfica -preceded of a study centered in the art critic's theory- of José's articles Camón Aznar published in daily ABC, in the "Third" page. They overcome more than five hundred collaborations, what locates the author among the main collaborators of this noted tribune. It is not about a doctrinal body, but of a great unfolding, in some cases determined by the present time of the topic, of ("theories") meditations, reflections on the most demanding topics in the culture of the decades that go of the forty, at the end of the seventy, years of true vertigo in the artistic ideas. It is a group of united reflections, not from a topic, but from a time. The articles are, fundamentally, of art, art critic and aesthetics, matters in those that Camón Aznar was a great specialist. We specify that so extensive production overflows these sciences of the culture to go into in the most varied fields in the spirit.Documentación hemerográfica -precedida de un estudio centrado en la teoría de la crítica de arte- de los artículos de José Camón Aznar publicados en el diario ABC, en la “Tercera” página. Superan más de quinientas colaboraciones, lo que sitúa al autor entre los principales colaboradores de esta prestigiosa tribuna. No se trata de un cuerpo doctrinal, sino de un gran despliegue, en algunos casos determinados por la actualidad del tema, de (“teorías”) meditaciones, reflexiones sobre los temas más exigentes de la cultura de las décadas que van de los cuarenta, al final de los setenta, años de verdadero vértigo en las ideas artísticas. Es un conjunto de reflexiones unidas, no desde un tema, sino desde un tiempo. Los artículos son, fundamentalmente, de arte, crítica de arte y estética, materias en las que Camón Aznar era un gran especialista. Precisamos que tan extensa producción desborda estas ciencias de la cultura para adentrarse en los más variados campos del espíritu
Narrativa española fuera de España (1963): el epistolario Max Aub-José Ramón Marra-López
No full textThe unpublished correspondence between Max Aub and José Ramón Marra-López, preserved
in the Archive of the Max Aub Foundation (AMA) in Segorbe, consists of twenty-six letters
exchanged between the two from 1960 to 1971: twelve from Marra-López and fourteen from
Aub, an edition of which I will publish in El Correo de Euclides (Aznar Soler 2025b). In this
article I propose to study, based on their correspondence, the relationship between the author
of Narrativa española fuera de España, resident in that Francoist Madrid, and the writer exiled in
Mexico.El epistolario inédito entre Max Aub y José Ramón Marra-López, que se conserva en el Archivo
de la Fundación Max Aub (AMA) de Segorbe, consta de veintiséis cartas cruzadas entre ambos
desde 1960 hasta 1971: doce de Marra-López y catorce de Aub, cuya edición publicaré en El
Correo de Euclides (Aznar Soler 2025b). En este artículo me propongo estudiar, a partir de su
correspondencia, la relación entre el autor de Narrativa española fuera de España, residente en
aquel Madrid franquista, y el escritor exiliado en México
An impact model to understand and improve work-life balance in early-career researchers in radiation oncology.
No full textPurpose
The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial effect on mental health and work productivity of early-career researchers working in Radiation Oncology (RO). However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects are unclear. The aim of the current qualitative study was therefore to achieve a better understanding of how these effects arose and could be managed in the future.
Methods
This study was conducted jointly by RO and qualitative health researchers. Data was collected in four online Focus Groups with 6-11 RO researchers (total N = 31) working in Europe. The transcripts were analysed through a qualitative cross-impact analysis.
Results
Causal relations were identified between seventeen variables that depict the impact of disrupted working conditions. Mental health and work productivity were indeed the most important affected variables, but relations between variables towards these impacts were complex. Relations could either be positive or negative and direct or indirect, leading to a cascade of interrelated events which are highly personal and could change over time. We developed the model 'impact of disrupted working conditions' depicting the identified variables and their relations, to allow more individual assessment and personalised solutions.
Conclusion
The impacts of disrupted working conditions on RO researchers varied due to the complexity of interrelated variables. Consequently, collective actions are not sufficient, and a more personal approach is needed. Our impact model is recommended to help guide conversations and reflections with the aim of improving work/life balance. The participants showed high levels of personal responsibility towards their own mental health and work productivity. Although being an individual issue, a collective responsibility in developing such approaches is key due to the dependency on organizational variables
Humanismo y derecho canónico: la obra de Jean Doujat
No full textEl plan de estudios de 1772, para la universidad de Alcalá de Henares, erigió la cátedra de Historia eclesiástica. En ella
debían cursar los aspirantes a la licencia en Cánones, quienes utilizarían como manual las Praenotiones canonicae del canonista francés
Jean Doujat. ¿Quién fue Jean Doujat? ¿Cuál fue su producción jurídica? ¿Qué criterios inspiraron la redacción de sus Praenotiones?
Estas son básicamente las preguntas a las que he tratado de responder. Así mismo, he analizado el capítulo que el autor dedicó al
método de enseñanza del derecho canónico. En él se evidencia que Doujat ha de ser enmarcado en las coordenadas del humanismo
jurídico y del galicanismo. El conocimiento de la historia y de las lenguas, el afán de síntesis, orden y claridad, la conexión entre los derechos civil y canónico, además de su actitud proclive a los intereses políticos de la Corona de Francia definieron su actividad como jurista.In 1772, the Spanish University oí Alcalá de Henares included within its program of studies a Chair for Ecclesiastic History.
The students of Canonical Law had to study under this Chair and to use as textbook the Praenotiones canonicae written by the French canonist Jean Doujat. Who was Jean Doujat? What other books on Law he wrote? What criteria he used on writing Praenotiones?
These are the questions that the author tries to answer in this work. Mn Aznar analyzes the chapter that Jean Doujat dedicated to the methodology of the teaching of Canonical Law. From this analysis, it becomes evident to the author that Jean Doujat has to be considered
within the Juridical Humanism and the Gallicanism. Jean Doujat s activity as a jurist was set up by his knowledge of history
and languages, his zeal for synthesis, order and clarity and the connexion he established between Civil and Canonical Law, as well as
by his defense of all political interests of the French Crown.Publicad
Real-time <i>in vivo</i> luminescence dosimetry in radiotherapy and mammography using Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:C
No full textNew treatment and clinical imaging techniques have created a need for accurate and practical in vivo dosimeters in radiation medicine. This work describes the development of a new optical-fiber radiation dosimeter system, based on radioluminescence (RL)and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from carbon-doped aluminium oxide (Al2O3:C), for applications in radiotherapy and mammography. This system offers several features, such as a small detector, high sensitivity, real-time read-out, and the abilityto measure both dose rate and absorbed dose. Measurement protocols and algorithms for the correction of responses were developed to enable a reliable absorbed dose assessment from the RL and OSL signals. At radiotherapy energies, the variation of thesignal with beam parameters was smaller than 1% (1 SD). Treatment-like experiments in phantoms, and in vivo measurements during complex patient treatments (such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy) indicate that the RL/OSL dosimetry system canreliably measure the absorbed dose within 2%. The real-time RL signal also enables an individual dose assessment from each field. The RL/OSL dosimetry system was also used during mammography examinations. In such conditions, the reproducibility of themeasurements showed to be around 3%. In vivo measurements on three patients showed that the presence of the RL/OSL probes did not degrade the diagnostic quality of the radiograph and that the system could be used to measure exit doses (i.e., absorbeddoses on the inferior surface of the breast). A Monte carlo study proved that the energy dependence of the RL/OSL system at these low energies could be reduced by optimizing the design of the probes. It is concluded that the new RL/OSL dosimetry systemshows considerable potential for applications in both radiotherapy and mammography.New treatment and clinical imaging techniques have created a need for accurate and practical in vivo dosimeters in radiation medicine. This work describes the development of a new optical-fiber radiation dosimeter system, based on radioluminescence (RL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from carbon-doped aluminium oxide (Al2O3:C), for applications in radiotherapy and mammography. This system offers several features, such as a small detector, high sensitivity, real-time read-out, and the ability to measure both dose rate and absorbed dose. Measurement protocols and algorithms for the correction of responses were developed to enable a reliable absorbed dose assessment from the RL and OSL signals. At radiotherapy energies, the variation of the signal with beam parameters was smaller than 1% (1 SD). Treatment-like experiments in phantoms, and in vivo measurements during complex patient treatments (such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy) indicate that the RL/OSL dosimetry system can reliably measure the absorbed dose within 2%. The real-time RL signal also enables an individual dose assessment from each field. The RL/OSL dosimetry system was also used during mammography examinations. In such conditions, the reproducibility of the measurements showed to be around 3%. In vivo measurements on three patients showed that the presence of the RL/OSL probes did not degrade the diagnostic quality of the radiograph and that the system could be used to measure exit doses (i.e., absorbed doses on the inferior surface of the breast). A Monte carlo study proved that the energy dependence of the RL/OSL system at these low energies could be reduced by optimizing thedesign of the probes. It is concluded that the new RL/OSL dosimetry system shows considerable potential for applications in both radiotherapy and mammography
Membership Data From Scientific and Professional Societies: An Ally in the Quest to Improve the Retention of Women in Medical Physics and Radiation Oncology Societies.
No full textBiological optimization for mediastinal lymphoma radiotherapy – a preliminary study
No full textPurpose: In current radiotherapy (RT) planning and delivery, population-based dose-volume constraints are used to limit the risk of toxicity from incidental irradiation of organs at risks (OARs). However, weighing tradeoffs between target coverage and doses to OARs (or prioritizing different OARs) in a quantitative way for each patient is challenging. We introduce a novel RT planning approach for patients with mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) that aims to maximize overall outcome for each patient by optimizing on tumor control and mortality from late effects simultaneously.
Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 34 HL patients treated with conformal RT (3DCRT). We used published data to model recurrence and radiation-induced mortality from coronary heart disease and secondary lung and breast cancers. Patient-specific doses to the heart, lung, breast, and target were incorporated in the models as well as age, sex, and cardiac risk factors (CRFs). A preliminary plan of candidate beams was created for each patient in a commercial treatment planning system. From these candidate beams, outcome-optimized (O-OPT) plans for each patient were created with an in-house optimization code that minimized the individual risk of recurrence and mortality from late effects. O-OPT plans were compared to VMAT plans and clinical 3DCRT plans.
Results: O-OPT plans generally had the lowest risk, followed by the clinical 3DCRT plans, then the VMAT plans with the highest risk with median (maximum) total risk values of 4.9 (11.1), 5.1 (17.7), and 7.6 (20.3)%, respectively (no CRFs). Compared to clinical 3DCRT plans, O-OPT planning reduced the total risk by at least 1% for 9/34 cases assuming no CRFs and 11/34 cases assuming presence of CRFs.
Conclusions: We developed an individualized, outcome-optimized planning technique for HL. Some of the resulting plans were substantially different from clinical plans. The results varied depending on how risk models were defined or prioritized
Quantitative analysis of metabolic breast images from Positron Emission Mammography (PEM)
No full textX-ray mammography cannot always distinguish between benign and malignant breast lesions. This leads to unnecessary biopsies, costs, and stress for the patient. Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) provides images of increased glucose metabolism in malignant tumours compared with healthy tissue. After injection of a radioactively-labelled glucose analog, cancerous tumours appear as bright spots on the breast image.Quantitative analysis of PEM images consists in comparing the amount of activity absorbed in both breasts of a patient. Based on ROC analysis of 15 subjects, an asymmetry of 10% in the number of counts detected from each breast was taken as a sign of cancer. The application of the count asymmetry method seems to results in a 22% improvement of PEM accuracy (from 64% to 86%). It is particularly useful for the detection of big or diffuse tumours. Quantitative data will also provide tools for future applications of PEM technology, such as follow-up of patients after cancer therapy
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