7,562 research outputs found
Anacroneuria bari Stark 1995
No full textAnacroneuria bari Stark Anacroneuria bari Stark 1995:226. Holotype ♂ (United States National Museum), 45 km SW Machiques, El Tucuco, Zulia State, Venezuela. Material examined. Venezuela: Lara State, Quebrada Los Frailes, 8.3 km from San Pedro, 9 ° 48.358’N, 70 ° 05.297’W, 1892 m, 23 June 2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, Cressa, 3♂ (pinned, BPSC) . Comments. This species is reported from Colombia, Ecuador and five states in Venezuela (Maldonado et al. 2002; Stark 1995; 1999, 2001; Zúñiga et al. 2007). These are the first records from Lara State in western Venezuela. This region has an abundance of xerophitic vegetation, but the mountainous regions have remnants of cloud forests. Streams in this area flow into the Caribbean or into the Orinoco River drainage basin. The Colombian specimens are from the Region Natural Andina in the Cordillera Occidental and the CaucaPublished as part of Stark, Bill P. & Zúñiga, Maria del Carmen, 2014, New Species And Records Of Colombian, Ecuadorian And Venezuelan Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With A Review Of The Anacroneuria Aymara Stark & Sivec Complex, pp. 66-79 in Illiesia 10 (8) on page 71, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475274
Cooperation and Wealth
No full textWe calculate the equilibrium fraction of cooperators in a population in which payoffs accrue from playing a single-shot prisoner’s dilemma game. Individuals who are hardwired as cooperators or defectors are randomly matched into pairs, and cooperators are able to perfectly find out the type of a partner to a game by incurring a recognition cost. We show that the equilibrium fraction of cooperators relates negatively to the population’s level of wealth.Equilibrium fraction of cooperators, Population's level of wealth, Single-shot prisoner's dilemma game
Anacroneuria inza Zuniga & Stark 2002
No full textAnacroneuria inza Zúñiga & Stark Anacroneuria inza Zúñiga & Stark 2002:210. Holotype ♂ (Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle), 1 km S San Andrés de Pisimbalá, Cuenca Rio Paez, Quebrada San Andrés, Municipio de Inzá, Cauca Department, Colombia Material examined. Colombia: Cauca Department: San Andreas [= San Andrés], Tierradentro, ~ 1500 m, 21-22 November 1971, B. Malkin, 1♂ (CAS). Comments. The species was originally described from five male specimens collected in Cauca Department. The “San Andreas” location listed on the label for Malkin’s specimen is the same site as “ San Andrés de Pisimbalá” from the original description. The site is in the Central Andes of southwestern Colombia and the species is known only from this region in a narrow elevational range of 1500-1750 m a.s.l. The site is the seat of the indigenous Paez community (Zúñiga & Stark 2002).Published as part of Stark, Bill P. & Zúñiga, Maria del Carmen, 2014, New Species And Records Of Colombian, Ecuadorian And Venezuelan Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With A Review Of The Anacroneuria Aymara Stark & Sivec Complex, pp. 66-79 in Illiesia 10 (8) on page 73, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475274
Anacroneuria paleta Stark
No full textAnacroneuria paleta Stark Anacroneuria paleta Stark 1995:236. Holotype ♂ (USNM), 4 km S Santo Domingo, Merida State, Venezuela Anacroneuria paleta: Stark et al., 1999:41. Anacroneuria paleta: Maldonado et al., 2002:227. Material examined. Colombia: [Cesar Department]: Socorpa Mission, Sierra de Perija, 1350 m, 20-21 August 1968, B. Malkin, 8♂ (CAS). Same location, 10- 22 August 1968, B. Malkin, 16♂ (CAS). [Magdalena Department.], San Sebastian de Rabago, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 2000 m, 1-10 April 1968, B. Malkin, 7♂, 1♀ (CAS). Venezuela: Lara State, Parque Nacional Dinira, Quebrada Buenos Aires, 9 ° 36.407’N, 70 ° 04.178’W, 1850 m, 18-19 June 2001, Holzenthal, Blahnik, Paprocki, Cressa, 3♂ (pinned, BPSC). Comments. This species is known from specimens collected in Barinas and Mérida states, Venezuela (Stark 1995; Maldonado et al. 2002) and is also recorded from Santander Department, Colombia (Stark et al. 1999) and Trujillo State, Venezuela (Stark 1999), however the Colombian specimens from Santander figured in Stark et al. (1999) appear to have a shorter apical projection of the aedeagus and the keel is shown as an obscure V-shaped structure (Figs. 136-138 in Stark et al. 1999). The Colombian specimens reported in this study have a narrow, relatively long keel and the apical aedeagal projection is more slender and slightly longer than those shown for other populations. The records given above include the first Colombian specimens from Cesar and Magdalena Departments, the first from Serrania de Perijá, and the sixth Anacroneuria species to be reported from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Zúñiga et al. 2013). The new records from Lara State are from a national park in the foothills of the northern mountain range of the Venezuelan Andes. Streams in this region drain into several basins, including the Orinoco River and Lake Maracaibo.Published as part of Stark, Bill P. & Zúñiga, Maria del Carmen, 2014, New Species And Records Of Colombian, Ecuadorian And Venezuelan Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With A Review Of The Anacroneuria Aymara Stark & Sivec Complex, pp. 66-79 in Illiesia 10 (8) on page 75, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475274
Anacroneuria aymara : Stark 2001
No full textKey to Male Members of the Anacroneuria aymara Complex 1 Dorsal keel lines touch near midlength (Fig. 5) ………..……….……….………………………….… 2 1’ Dorsal keel lines completely separated throughout length (Fig. 5, Maldonado et al. 2002) ……………………………………...…………….…. 4 2 Lateral margins of aedeagus convergent from shoulders to tip (Fig. 3) …………………… barinas 2’ Lateral margins of aedeagus relatively straight from shoulders to tip (Fig. 17, Zúñiga & Stark 2002) …………………………………………..……. 3 3 Dorsal keel lines much more widely divergent anteriorly than posteriorly; hooks subchelate; lateral margins of aedeagus slightly constricted near apex (Figs. 17-19 in Zúñiga & Stark 2002) …………………………………………….….…. toni 3’ Dorsal keel lines diverge to a similar degree anteriorly and posteriorly; hooks slender; lateral margins of aedeagus not constricted subapically (Figs. 22 -24, Zúñga & Stark 2002) …………... ricki 4 Lateral margins of aedeagal apex more or less parallel at least near tip (Fig. 3, Stark et al. 2012) ………………………………………………...……. 5 4’ Lateral margins of aedeagal apex convergent from shoulders to tip (Fig. 12, Stark & Sivec 1998) …………………………………………………….…. 8 5 Aedeagal apex notched; keel lines curved abruptly laterad near apex (Figs. 3-5, Stark et al. 2012) ……………………………….……..…. apuela 5’ Aedeagal apex truncate or rounded; keel lines not curved abruptly laterad near apex (Fig. 100, Stark et al. 1999) ………………………………………... 6 6 Lateral margins of aedeagal apex parallel to slightly convergent; lateral margins relatively straight (Figs. 98-100, Stark et al. 1999) …………………..………….……………….. portilla 6’ Lateral margins of aedeagal apex wider subapically than at the tip; lateral margins undulant from beyond hooks (Fig. 31, Zúñiga & Stark 2002) …………………………………….…. 7 7 Aedeagal tip wider than subapex; keel short, consisting of two lines (Fig. 29-31, Zúñiga & Stark 2002) ………………………….………... farallonensis 7’ Aedeagal tip narrower than subapex; keel lines relatively long, but consisting of two obscure beaded lines (Figs. 24-26, Zúñiga et al. 2007) ……………………………….…..………..… tatama 8 Dorsal keel lines widely spaced and abruptly bent outward near midlength; lateral margins of aedeagal apex slightly convergent from shoulders to tip (Fig. 14, Stark & Sivec 1998) …..……….….. 9 8’ Dorsal keel lines almost straight, or curved slightly outward; lateral margins of aedeagal apex distinctly convergent from shoulders to tip (Fig. 14, Zúñiga et al. 2006) ………………………….. 10 9 Aedeagal apex projecting beyond hooks in ventral aspect approximately triangular in outline, strongly convergent to tip (Fig. 14, Stark 1999) ………………………..……………..……….. chaima 9’ Aedeagal apex projecting beyond hooks in ventral aspect more gradually convergent with lateral margins almost parallel for part of length, and with broadly rounded apex (Figs. 12-14, Stark & Sivec 1998) …………………………………. aymara 10 Apex of aedeagus notched; keel lines narrowly separated (Fig. 14, Zúñiga et al. 2006) ………………………….………..……..…… chachis 10’ Apex of aedeagus truncate or rounded; keel lines more widely separated (Figs. 35-37, Stark 2001) ……………………………………………………. 11 11 Hooks subchelate; pronotal dark pigment bands together about as wide as pale median band (Figs. 1, 3, Maldonado et al. 2002) …………..….. segnini 11’ Hooks slender; pronotal dark pigment bands together much narrower than pale median band (Figs. 33, 35, Stark 2001) ……..………….. cotacachiPublished as part of Stark, Bill P. & Zúñiga, Maria del Carmen, 2014, New Species And Records Of Colombian, Ecuadorian And Venezuelan Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With A Review Of The Anacroneuria Aymara Stark & Sivec Complex, pp. 66-79 in Illiesia 10 (8) on pages 70-71, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475274
Anacroneuria curiosa Stark 1998
No full textAnacroneuria curiosa Stark Anacroneuria curiosa Stark, 1998:563. Holotype ♂, Río Tempisquito, Maritza, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Costa Rica (USNM) Material examined. COLOMBIA: 1♂, Valle del Cauca, Municipio de Buenaventura, Río Calima low basin, 90 m, 20 June 1996, V. H. Serrano (MEUV). Discussion. This species was previously known from Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama. This is the first Colombian record of the species and the second Mesoamerican species to be authenticated in South America (Stark 1998; Zúñiga & Stark 2002). The collection locality is in the Región Natural del Pacífico in the lowland, and the life zone according to the Holdridge system is very humid tropical forest (Espinal & Montenegro 1963).Published as part of Zúñiga, Maria del Carmen, Stark, Bill P., Cardona, William, Tamaris-Turizo, César & Ortega, Oscar E., 2007, Additions To The Colombian Anacroneuria Fauna (Plecoptera: Perlidae) With Descriptions Of Seven New Species, pp. 127-149 in Illiesia 3 (13) on pages 139-140, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475466
Anacroneuria cruza : Stark 1999
No full textAnacroneuria cruza Stark (Figs. 9-11) Anacroneuria cruza Stark 1995:231. Holotype ♂ (USNM), north of Duida, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela Anacroneuria cruza: Stark, 1999:75. Records from Guyana and Venezuela Material examined. Colombia: [Putumayo Department]: Santa Rosa, Rio San Miguel headwaters, Kofan Indian Village, 2-24 October 1970, B. Malkin, P. Burchard, 7♂, 2♀ (CAS). Santa Rosa de Sucumbios, Kofan Indian Village, Rio San Miguel, 400 m, 26 August-9 September, 1971, B. Malkin, 1♂ (CAS). Comments. The original description of this species included male and larval specimens, but the adults were in poor condition and the habitus could not be adequately described. This larger sample of male and female specimens allows the descriptions of adult habitus, female genitalia and the egg. This species was previously reported from Guyana and Venezuela. These first records from Colombia are from the Amazon Natural Region. Rio San Miguel joins Rio Putumayo and forms one of the major tributaries of the Amazon River basin. Adult habitus. General color yellow-brown, patterned with dark brown. Head with obscure, yellow-brown spot forward of ocelli and dark brown lappets and antennae (Fig. 9). Pronotum brown over most of disc but with moderately pale anterolateral area and pale median band. Dark brown bands on apical third of hind femora; fore and mid femora with wider dark bands; tibiae brown but with darker proximal and distal brown bands. Wings dark amber, veins pale brown except Sc, R and Cord crossvein dark brown. Female. Forewing length 13.5 mm. Subgenital plate with four, approximately equal sized lobes; median notch deeper than lateral notches (Fig. 11). Posterior margin of sternum 9 with narrow sclerotized band bearing several thick setae; median field of sternum 9 with patch of shorter setae lying in median notch of sternum 8, additional longer setae occur posterolateral to median patch. Egg. Length ca. 0.3 mm, greatest width ca. 0.16 mm. Outline spindle shaped with low, button-like collar (Fig. 10). Anchor bearing a small membranous knob which lies over collar.Published as part of Stark, Bill P. & Zúñiga, Maria del Carmen, 2014, New Species And Records Of Colombian, Ecuadorian And Venezuelan Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With A Review Of The Anacroneuria Aymara Stark & Sivec Complex, pp. 66-79 in Illiesia 10 (8) on page 73, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475274
Malcolm Stark Correspondence
No full textEntries include typed correspondence on The Camden Herald Publishing Company stationery concerning the whereabouts of Mr. Stark, a handwritten letter from Stark on plain paper, and a typed letter on receipt of the Maine poet\u27s book Way Out and Close About for the Maine Author Collection
Anacroneuria oreja Zuniga & Stark 1999
No full textAnacroneuria oreja Zúñiga & Stark Anacroneuria oreja Zúñiga & Stark in Stark et al., 1999:31. Holotype ♂, Río Azul, Río Calima middle basin, Valle del Cauca, Colombia (MEUV) Material examined. COLOMBIA: 1♂, Antioquia, Municipio de Santo Domingo, Porce, 1950 m, December 1995, light, R. Vélez (MEFLG). Discussion. This species was previously known from a single male in Valle del Cauca in southwest Colombia. This specimen, collected on the east slope of the Cordillera Central, is the first record from Antioquia and the second known report of the species.Published as part of Zúñiga, Maria del Carmen, Stark, Bill P., Cardona, William, Tamaris-Turizo, César & Ortega, Oscar E., 2007, Additions To The Colombian Anacroneuria Fauna (Plecoptera: Perlidae) With Descriptions Of Seven New Species, pp. 127-149 in Illiesia 3 (13) on page 142, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475466
Figs. 20-23 in New Species And Records Of Colombian, Ecuadorian And Venezuelan Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With A Review Of The Anacroneuria Aymara Stark & Sivec Complex
No full textFigs. 20-23. Distribution of Anacroneuria aymara group species.Published as part of Stark, Bill P. & Zúñiga, Maria del Carmen, 2014, New Species And Records Of Colombian, Ecuadorian And Venezuelan Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae), With A Review Of The Anacroneuria Aymara Stark & Sivec Complex, pp. 66-79 in Illiesia 10 (8) on page 77, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475274
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