60 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-anp-10.1177_00048674221089231 – Supplemental material for Subjective cognitive complaints and subjective cognition following electroconvulsive therapy for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-anp-10.1177_00048674221089231 for Subjective cognitive complaints and subjective cognition following electroconvulsive therapy for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Maria Semkovska, Hannah Knittle, Janet Leahy and Johanne Raasø Rasmussen in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry</p
sj-pdf-2-anp-10.1177_00048674221089231 – Supplemental material for Subjective cognitive complaints and subjective cognition following electroconvulsive therapy for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-2-anp-10.1177_00048674221089231 for Subjective cognitive complaints and subjective cognition following electroconvulsive therapy for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Maria Semkovska, Hannah Knittle, Janet Leahy and Johanne Raasø Rasmussen in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry</p
Supplemental Material - Modelling the Relationship Between Resilience to Depression and Recent Stressful Life Events in University Students
No full textSupplemental Material for Modelling the Relationship Between Resilience to Depression and Recent Stressful Life Events in University Students by Maria Semkovska, Ciara Joyce, Jessica Keyes, Sinead Reilly, Aoife Delaney, Aine Harrold and Hannah McManus in Psychological Reports</p
A systematic review & meta-analysis of randomised controlled cognitive-based interventions for dementia – restorative, compensatory, & mixed approaches
No full textBackground: Cognitive impairments are a central feature of dementia and have a significant impact on those with the disease and their caregivers. Cognitive-based interventions for dementia, (e.g., stimulation, training, and rehabilitation), are often used to ameliorate the symptoms of cognitive impairments. These interventions are based on processes that restore or compensate for the impairments found in dementia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the existing research and establish the most effective approach for improving cognitive and functional outcomes for persons with dementia (PwD).
Objectives: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of restorative and compensatory interventions to improve cognitive and functional outcomes for PwD.
Search Methods: PsycInfo, PubMed, SCOPUS, and CENTRAL were searched between 01.01.2000 and 31.12.2015 in January 2016. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of restorative, compensatory, and mixed interventions, published in English, were considered for inclusion.
Data Collection & Analysis: 24 RCTs were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis – 18 restorative, two compensatory, and four mixed. The unit of analysis was change scores from baseline to post-intervention for all groups. Estimates of treatment effect were calculated using a random effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was measured using a Chi2
statistic. Where heterogeneity was found a moderator analysis was conducted.
Main Results: Restorative interventions demonstrated positive effects on cognition, language, and working memory. Compensatory approaches led to improvements on PwD and caregiver quality of life. Mixed approaches increased self-efficacy for PwD. Moderator analysis indicated that restorative interventions led to significantly greater improvements on language compared to mixed.
Conclusions: Restorative interventions demonstrated greater improvements on measures of language. A lack of RCTs on compensatory and mixed interventions precluded a comparison of the approaches for several variables. Future research needs to describe the contents of their interventions in greater detail to establish the active ingredients in these treatments
Cognitive function and neurocognitive deficits in depression
No full textImpaired cognitions are a recognised feature of major depression. Current research aims to disentangle their specific nature and stability over the disorder’s course, with the distinction between cold (emotionally independent) and hot (emotionally-laden) cognitions providing useful for this purpose. Existing evidence points toward a normal neurocognitive functioning prior to the first depressive episode, with no cold cognitive deficits pre-existing the diagnosis. Higher (pre-)adolescent IQ increases the future likelihood of developing depression, while a trait-like vulnerability is conferred by the hot cognitive tendency to attribute stressful life events to global, stable, and internal causes. In the presence of perceived stress, these negative cognitive styles trigger the depressive episode, characterised by both hot and cold cognitive dysfunctions. Specifically, depression presents as a dysregulation of hot cognition where the individual’s focus on analysing the negative aspects of the environment and the self leads to fewer resources being available for other cognitive processes. This expresses primarily through a state-related cold deficit in psychomotor speed, whereas cold memory deficits progressively install with persistent depression and/or multiple episodes, probably because of state-associated hippocampal changes. Robust evidence indicates that depression has a scarring effect on cold cognitive abilities. While these improve after remission, they do not return to premorbid levels. Moreover, cold deficits in processing speed and long-term memory worsen with every consecutive episode – from negligible after first episode’s remission to large when all recurrences are considered. Depression does not appear to cause a specific scarring to hot cognitions once remission is achieved, although future studies need to ascertain this hypothesi
Electroconvulsive therapy for depression: Effectiveness, cognitive side-effects, and mechanisms of action
No full textElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is currently the most effective treatment for depression. However, concerns relative to cognitive side-effects and uncertainties regarding its mode of action limit ECT use. Consistent evidence over the past 40years indicates that, except for retrograde memory, cognitive side-effects are temporary and limited to the first few days post-ECT. During that period, memory and executive function are the most affected cognitive domains. Over the following weeks, cognition progressively improves above pretreatment levels. Retrograde autobiographical memory can be affected for up to 3 months, and possibly longer with bitemporal ECT. However, this retrograde amnesia is limited to a small number of specific personal events, does not affect every treated patient, and is reversible for some individuals. ECT most likely exerts its antidepressant effect by promoting both structural and functional neuroplasticity. The decreased cerebral resting state and increased bilateral hippocampal volume that follow ECT may be central in explaining its effectiveness and cognitive side-effects. An integrated model of existing evidence on the neuronal, synaptic, structural, and connectivity changes is proposed for ECT’s therapeutic action.</p
PROTOCOL for a systematic review and meta-analysis on executive function following unipolar depression remission: Rethinking the role of processing speed dysfunction
No full textOnline neurocognitive remediation therapy to improve cognition in community-living individuals with a history of depression: A pilot study
No full textMajor depression is a highly prevalent psychopathology with high relapse rates. Following remission from a depressive episode, neurocognitive difficulties in attention, working memory and executive function often persist, preventing full clinical recovery. These neurocognitive deficits are often present since the first depressive episode and have been shown to predict relapse. The efficacy of computerised neurocognitive remediation therapy (NCRT) to improve attention, memory and executive function has been demonstrated in several clinical populations but randomised controlled trials (RCT) have not been conducted in depression. The present study aimed to conduct a pilot, randomised study, of computerised NCRT for individuals with past depression, currently in remission. Twenty two individuals remitted from depression were randomly assigned to receive 20 one-hour sessions over 5 week of ether computerised NCRT or a component-equivalent allocation (play online computer games). The NCRT group showed significantly larger improvements in performance relative to the Games group in the three targeted neurocognitive domains: divided attention, verbal working memory, and planning, but also in non-targeted domains of long-term verbal memory and switching abilities. No significant effect was observed in the NCRT-targeted domain visual working memory. These preliminary results suggest computerised NCRT efficacy to improve targeted neurocognitive processes during depression remission and support its potential value as preventative connected intervention tool
Unravelling Autobiographical Retrograde Amnesia Following Bitemporal Electroconvulsive Therapy: Effect of Treatment versus Effect of Time
No full textAn Examination of the Mediatory Role of Resilience in the Relationship Between Helicopter Parenting and Severity of Depressive Symptoms in Irish University Students
No full text- …
