1,720,984 research outputs found
Small Sample Bias Corrections for Entropy Inequality Measures
No full textIn this mini review, we discuss the main results obtained so far by us and other authors on the matter of bias correction for entropy inequality measures in small samples
On the gap between emitted and absorbed carbon dioxide. Are trees enough to save us?
No full textThe Carbon Footprint (CFP) is one of the most common indicators to quantify environmental
pollution and it is based on household consumption. In this paper, we estimate
the per capita CFP of the Italian regions and we compare CFP with the CO2 absorbed by
forest per inhabitant. The idea that is enough to plant more and more trees to obtain carbon
neutrality, i.e. emitted CO2 equal to the intake one, is debunked
Finite population framework for a quantile-based inequality indicator
No full textSeveral statistical indicators exist for the measurement of economic in
equality. These are mostly based on distribution moments or depend on few per
centiles at the tails of the distribution, selected a priori. This work analyzes a re
cently proposed quantile-based income inequality indicator, which solely depends
on quantiles and considers the whole distribution. It provides for this indicator a
complete finite population estimation framework that works also for data collected
with complex sampling design. Simulations based on Italian EU-SILC 2017 data
demonstrates that the proposed direct estimator has large accuracy, precision and
robustness to outlying observations
Data Sources for the Study of Economic Inequality
No full textMeasuring economic inequality requires sound data on individuals’ resources. The collection and storage of this information involves methodological and definitional choices that have been the subject of much debate, as they affect the possibilities for the subsequent analysis and the interpretation of the results. This chapter aims to answer the question “where to look for data on economic inequality?” by presenting the different types of sources available and highlighting the definitions considered and methodologies used. A discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each source is provided, together with a detailed description of the main survey databases. Moreover, data used to study inequality need to satisfy multiple requirements in terms of quality. In particular, non-sampling errors can seriously affect data and synthetic information derived from all types of sources. Typologies of non-sampling errors and methods to prevent and reduce their impact are discussed. Finally, secondary databases containing measures of economic inequality are described and some examples of studies of multidimensional inequality that are based on inequality data sources are reported
Finite population framework for a quantile-based inequality indicator
No full textSeveral statistical indicators exist for the measurement of economic in
equality. These are mostly based on distribution moments or depend on few per
centiles at the tails of the distribution, selected a priori. This work analyzes a re
cently proposed quantile-based income inequality indicator, which solely depends
on quantiles and considers the whole distribution. It provides for this indicator a
complete finite population estimation framework that works also for data collected
with complex sampling design. Simulations based on Italian EU-SILC 2017 data
demonstrates that the proposed direct estimator has large accuracy, precision and
robustness to outlying observations
Small domain estimation of business statistics by using multivariate skew normal models
Full text linkSmall domain business statistics are becoming important for better planning business policies. We focus on the estimation of the averages of value added and labour cost in small domains. To take into account the positive skewness in the distribution of outcomes and the correlation between them, we propose a bivariate skew normal small area model. Estimates are obtained from real survey data. The performance of the estimator proposed is evaluated on the basis of both survey data and a synthetic firm population. Results show that the model proposed increases the estimates’ reliability and that the estimates obtained make it possible to perform detailed regional economic studies
Testing the Learning-by-Exporting at Micro-Level in Light of Influence of "Statistical Issues" and Macroeconomic Factors
No full textLocal spillovers, production technology and the choice to make and/or buy. Empirical evidence from Emilia Romagna mechanical industry
Full text linkBy exploiting a new rich firm-level dataset, this paper investigates the decision to subcontract production activities (outsourcing) with respect to vertically integrate them. In particular, we aim at identifying the main factors underlying the decision to either fully or partially decentralise production activities by mechanical firms located in Emilia Romagna (Italy). In so doing, we first account for firm characteristics, such as size, age and the skill composition of the labour force, then we focus on labour costs per employee, product diversity and the presence of the firm on international markets. Finally, and differently from previous research, we include in the analysis both the qualitative composition of the production process, as given by the stages of production potentially developed by the firm, and the industrial composition of the local market. On this last purpose, we estimate the relationship between the propensity and the intensity of concurrent and total sourcing and the main sources of agglomeration economies identified in the literature: specialisation economies, variety and urbanisation economies. Our estimates show a particularly strong and positive relation between the intensity of 'pure' outsourcing and our measure of variety, workforce skill intensity and the internal composition of production, while a negative relation emerges with respect to firm size, age and labour cost. Results concerning concurrent sourcing, instead, appear weaker, but, differently from the case of full outsourcing, we nd a positive relationship with rm size and product diversity
Small area models for skew and kurtotic variables
No full textModels for small area estimation, used in the economic field, often have
the necessity to assume or to lead back through appropriate transformations to the
normality of the dependent variable. This work tries to extend the well known
methodology of small area estimation at unit level with a family of models (Generalized
additive model for location, scale and shape), which do not need the assumption
of normality but which, as special case, has in itself most of the uni-variate models
presented in literature
The Measurement of Economic Security through Relative Indicators
No full textEconomic Security is a topic which focused the attention of many researchers in the past years. With the COVID-19 pandemic, interest has grown drastically because economic security influences the lives of many individuals and consequently the government’s economic and political choices. In this framework the individual insecurity indicator proposed by Bossert and D’Ambrosio [1] it’s a landmark, because of its useful analytical properties. We embrace their notion of economic insecurity and we propose relative security indicators starting by the absolute one they suggested. We compare the indicators in terms of analytical
properties and in terms of applicability to European countries using the EU-SILC
(2019) data-set
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