181 research outputs found
A Cellular Automata Simulation of the 1990s Russian Housing Privatization Decision
No full textThe study uses a computational approach to study the phenomenon of housing privatization in Russia in the 1990s. As part of the housing reform flats in multi-family buildings were offered to their residents free of payment. Nevertheless rapid mass housing privatization did not take place. While this outcome admits a number of explanations this analysis emphasizes the fact that the environment in which the decision-making households were operating had a high degree of uncertainty and imposed a high information-processing requirement on the decision-makers. Using the bounded rationality paradigm, the study builds a case for a cellular automata simulation of household decision-making in the context of housing privatization reforms in Russia in the 1990s. Cellular automata is then used to simulate a household’s decision to become the owner of its dwelling.cellular automata, complex systems, housing reform, Russia, simulation
Public spending and Scottish devolution : crowding out, or crowding in?
No full textThere has been a developing debate about the performance of the Scottish economy under devolution and the effect of the expansion of the public sector on Scottish growth. Several commentators have expressed concern that the size of the public sector in Scotland is now a drag on growth, while others take a more sanguine view. This debate is well summarised in Marsh and Zuleeg (2006). However, this is a debate in which the evidence is often not well marshalled and there is often more heat than light generated. There is a suspicion that arguments about the effect and role of the public sector often derive more from the ultimate values and political preferences of proponents than from hard analysis and evidence
The Effect of a Capital Budget on Capital Spending in the U.S. States
No full textThis thesis analyzes the impact of capital budget on capital spending in the U.S. states. The analysis is based on the James Poterba's 1995 study of the impact of a capital budget on capital spending using 1962 U.S. state-level data. I first replicate Poterba's model using the 1992-1996 data set that I had constructed for this study. I then extend Poterba's model to include a set of variables that allows exploration of the specific effects of the regulatory environment on spending outcomes in each state. These are mainly categorical variables that classify states in accordance with their definition of capital expenditure, organization of capital planning process, project selection and cost estimating techniques and capital financing practices. These were constructed using the data of the 1997 NASBO survey after reviewing the suggestions of practitioners and policy makers, as well as those engaged in research in this field. The introduction of a set of budget rule/budget composition variables into the analysis is an important contribution of this study. I also introduce additional control variables such as those controlling for the age of infrastructure. This study supports the claim that government spending is determined by a host of causal factors that can be grouped into four broad categories, (1) demographic-economic factors, representing both demand for public capital and source of its financing, (2) political decision-making factors that reflect electorate/party in power preferences for spending, (3) capital stock variables that relate to the age of infrastructure and control for spending culture in a state, and (4) budget composition/spending rules. The main finding of this study is the confirmation of Poterba's finding with respect to the positive effect of capital budget on capital spending using a recent data set and longer time frame of analysis. Another major contribution of this study is a statistically significant effect of sixteen spending rule/ budget composition variables. The results of this study support the basic premise found in the literature that budget process affects capital spending.Master of Public and International Affair
Features of the internal control of foreign trade transactions
No full text© 2015, MCSER-Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. The article describes the requirements of the legislation in the field of implementation of internal control system on the enterprises, a necessity and an importance of control, explores the possibilities and features of the organization of the internal control of the foreign trade transactions, analyzes all possible risks (financial, legal, market, credit, geographic) arising in foreign trade activity. The author reveals the possible methods, techniques and procedures to exercise the internal control. Besides there is documentation’s aspect under the internal control of foreign trade operations in the article
Features of the internal control of foreign trade transactions
No full text© 2015, MCSER-Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. The article describes the requirements of the legislation in the field of implementation of internal control system on the enterprises, a necessity and an importance of control, explores the possibilities and features of the organization of the internal control of the foreign trade transactions, analyzes all possible risks (financial, legal, market, credit, geographic) arising in foreign trade activity. The author reveals the possible methods, techniques and procedures to exercise the internal control. Besides there is documentation’s aspect under the internal control of foreign trade operations in the article
WORD CREATION BY PROSE V. TOKAREVA
No full textThe article considers adjectival neologisms of V. Tokareva, through which the author verbalizes her attitude and aesthetic views. The paper presents a typology of such neologisms considering the ways of word formation and derivation formants. It is noted that the predominantly words, created according to productive word-formation models have clear meaning shown in their structure. The authors note that prefixes sub-, super- and suffixes -ovat-, -sk-, n- are the most productive ones. Among active prepositional formants are super-, semi-. The specific feature of V. Tokareva’s prose is the use of grammar forms. The article also identifies and analyzes structural, semantic, and functional features of neologisms. Special attention is drawn to the subjects and objects of reality receiving non-standard definitions
Slick Oil: Impacts on Liver and Blood Endpoints
No full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants that can be responsible for a variety of deleterious effects on organisms. These adverse outcomes are relatively well studied, but at concentrations rarely found in the environment. Among the documented effects of sublethal acute PAH exposure are reductions in osmoregulatory capacity and immune function, and changes in the function of critical metabolic organs such as the liver. Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) were exposed to control seawater (0.006 µg tPAH
/L) or water accommodated fractions of Deepwater Horizon spill oil diluted to 3 flow-through exposure regimes (0.009, 0.059, and 2.82 µg tPAH
/L) for 7 d, with a recovery period of equal duration. We hypothesized that these chronic exposures would induce the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated pathways and result in significant impacts on markers of osmoregulatory, immune, and metabolic function. We further hypothesized that measurable reversal of these impacts would be observed during the recovery period. Our results indicate that activation of cytochrome P 450 (CYP)1A1 was achieved during exposure and reversed during the recovery phase. The only significant deviations from controls measured were a reduction in plasma glucose in fish exposed to medium and high levels of PAH after 7 d of exposure and a reduction in plasma osmolality fish exposed to high levels of PAHs after 7 d of recovery, when CYP1A1 messenger (m)RNA levels had returned to control levels. Our study illustrates a disconnect between the activation of CYP1A1 in response to environmentally realistic PAHs concentrations and several physiological endpoints and supports the idea that the AhR might not be associated with mediating osmoregulatory, immune, and metabolic changes in Gulf toadfish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1075-1086. © 2020 SETAC
Regional Productivity Differentials in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic
No full textThis paper starts by describing the distribution of GVA, employment and productivity growth across the regions of Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. Next, we investigate in what extent regional per capita income gaps to the European average can be attributed to differences in productivity per worker. Finally, we extend Esteban’s (2000) shift-share analysis to measure how regional productivity gaps are due to differences in industrial mix as opposed to region-specific factors. The results point out the greater influence of the second element and therefore support policies benefiting homogenously all the sectors in the least developed regions.Eastern Europe, Poland, Aggregate Productivity, Shift-share, Regional Policy
Author Correction: A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, the ATLAS Collaboration
author names, affiliations and acknowledgements were omitted and
have now been included in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
The role of dual-energy computed tomography in the diagnosis of gout and other crystalline arthropathies: A review
No full textThe importance of dual-energy computed tomography in the diagnosis of gout, the principles of dual-energy computed tomography, the accuracy of the methodology, and the types of artifacts are discussed in this study. The possible dependence of the presence of deposits of sodium monourate on other clinical data and the role of dual-energy computed tomography in the differential diagnosis of other crystalline arthropathies are considered.
The dual-energy computed tomography has several advantages, including noninvasiveness, speed of execution, and a significant reduction in the risk of iatrogenic consequences compared with diagnostic arthrocentesis, which is the gold standard in diagnosing gout. Dual-energy computed tomography can accomplish gout detection, treatment, and differential diagnosis
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