219 research outputs found
Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) andreevae Moravec 2007
No full textPogonostoma (Microstenocera) andreevae Moravec, 2007 (Figs 25–31) Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) andreevae Moravec, 2007: 361–363, figs 1298–1306, 1777. Type locality. Evergreen forest of the Ranomafana National Park, south-eastern area of Central Highlands (Fianarantsoa Province). Type material. Holotype ♀ in JWCW, labelled: “ Madagascar / Ranomafana res. / 15–25.XII.2004, leg. R. Andreeva & I. Andreev ” [printed]; “ Holotype / Pogonostoma / (Microstenocera) andreevae sp. nov. / J. Moravec 2006 det.” [red, printed]. Allotype ♂ in CAS: “ Madagascar: Fianarantsoa province / Ranomafana Nat. Park / Talatakely, elev. 1080 m / 14–23. April 2002 ” [printed] // “ 21°15.99’S, 47°25.21’E / California Acad. of Sciences / malaise [trap]” // “secondary tropical forest MA-02-09C-25” [printed] // “CASENT 8068375” [printed] // “ Pogonostoma sp. 11, det. D.H. Kavanaugh 2006” // “ Allotype / Pogonostoma / (Microstenocera) andreevae sp. nov. / J. Moravec 2006 det.” [red, printed]. Other material examined. 1 ♀ in CJVB: “ Madagascar Centr. / Ranomafana N. P., 8.I.2017 / Jan & Ondřej Vybíral lgt.”. Differential diagnosis. Pogonostoma (M.) andreevae is immediately distinguished from all species of the genus by its yellow-testaceous metatarsi. For other diagnostic characters see under P. (M.) borisbubeniki sp. nov. above, as well as the illustrations here and the original description and illustrations in Moravec (2007). Distribution and ecology (Fig. 37). Pogonostoma (M.) andreevae is known only from the evergreen forest of the Ranomafana National Park in south-eastern part of the Central Highlands. The three known adults were caught along Talatakely touristic circuit in an elevation 1080 m, in fact nearby the village of Ranomafana. Despite that Talatakely is characterized as a low montane secondary forest, it maintains amazing biodiversity. Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) sawadai Moravec, 2007, P. (Mantistenocera) zasterai Moravec, 2003 and P. (Mitopogon) ranomafanense Moravec, 2007 also come from Talatakely (Moravec 2007, Rainio 2012). Developmental stages unknown. Remarks. Pogonostoma (M.) andreevae was originally described by the first author (Moravec 2007) from the female holotype, while the only known male was identified by him from specimens sent for his study by David Kavanaugh (CAS) much later, when the monograph of Pogonostoma was in press. Consequently, the male was additionally included into the monograph and designated as allotype. As only diagnostic characters of the male allotype were illustrated in the monograph, its habitus and metatarsi are illustrated for the first time here (Figs 30–31, photographed in CAS database).Published as part of Moravec, Jiří & Trýzna, Miloš, 2022, New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 25. Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) borisbubeniki sp. nov., compared to P. (M.) andreevae Moravec, 2007 and a revised key to the species-group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 245-260 in Zootaxa 5155 (2) on page 255, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5155.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/667345
Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai Moravec 2003
No full textPogonostoma (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai Moravec, 2003 (Figs 85–103, 107). Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai Moravec, 2003: 29, 33, figs 63–70. Type locality. East Madagascar, evergreen forest of Sandranantitra, north-east of Tamatave (S18°02.907’; E49°05.516’). Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) parvulum: Cassola & Andriamampianina 2001: 56. Non P. (Microstenocera) parvulum Riva-lier, 1970! Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai: Moravec 2007: 417, figs 1524–1530, 1806. Type mater ial. Holotype ♁ (by monotypy) in FCCR labelled: “ Madagascar, 450 m. Sandranantitra / 20. Jan. 1999, S18°02.907’ – E49°05.516’ / Lanto Andriamampianina leg.” [printed] // “Pogo. sp. 12” [printed // “ Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) / cf. parvulum Rivalier, 1970 / det. F. Cassola 1999” [printed] // “ Holotype / Pogonostoma / (Mi-crostenocera) / fabiocassolai sp. n. / J. Moravec 2002 det.” [red, printed]. Other material examined. 2 ♁♁, 1 ♀ in CJVB, 1 ♁ in CCJM: “ Madagascar Central-East / Andasibe-Perinet N. P. / Circuit Aduant, 13.I.2017 / leg. Jan & Ondřej Vybíral”. Differential diagnosis. Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai is a species of the P. (Microstenocera) minimum species-group (sensu Moravec 2007). It may resemble Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) sicardi W. Horn, 1927 and P. (M.) perexiguum Moravec, 2000, particularly due to their similarly anteriad-constricted pronotal disc, but immediately distinguished from them and also from all other species of the subgenus Microstenocera by its consistently 2-setose labrum completely lacking lateral setae and lateral indentations (Figs 100–103) and by the very different shape of its aedeagus with remarkably dorsally beak-hooked acute apex (Fig. 88); moreover, its galea has a brownish penultimate galeomere and bases of femora are not testaceous but concolorous with other femoral portions (only trochanters are testaceous). Within the genus only Pogonostoma (Dipogonum) anthracinum Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1835 possesses consistently 2-setose labrum, but the single species of the monobasic subgenus Dipogonum Moravec, 2007 differs in a complex of other diagnostic characters (Moravec 2007). For the wording of the original description and other illustrations of the male holotype see Moravec (2003). Redescription (male) and first description of female. Body black, very small, males 5.45–5.70 (HT 5.45) mm long, 1.45–1.55 (HT 1.45) mm wide; female 6.00 mm long, 1.65 mm wide. Head (Fig. 93) much narrower than body, width 1.05–1.00 mm; temples short, 2.7 times shorter than eyes in males, 3.1 times shorter in female. Frons not differentiated from clypeus and vertex, distinctly convex in middle; supraantennal keels indistinct or more distinct, consisting of moderately elevated anterior edge and blunter, and lower crest directed posteriad; surface of frontoclypeal portion nearly smooth, surface of frons sparsely, but distinctly longitudinally scabrous-rugulose; vertex with two orbital setae on either side, flat in middle, surface sculpture scabriculous to almost areolate, posterior area moderately convex; lateral rugae subparallel when passing onto temples; vertex-occipital impression distinct, delimiting temples laterally; occiput with irregular, almost transverse directed short rugae; surface of vertex covered with inconspicuous, sparse and very short, white decumbent setae. Genae sparsely wrinkled on anterior and postgenal areas, glabrous except for only few short hairlike setae. Clypeus with sparse, short setae. Labrum consistently 2–setose with only two pale yellow or straw-yellow anterior setae; surface almost smooth and faintly shiny, very finely coriaceous, appearing entirely glabrous, rarely with few, almost invisible tiny microtrichia (visible only under higher magnification and different angles of illumination and found only in HT and one other male); male labrum (Figs 100–102) rather short, length 0.27–0.29 (HT 0.28) mm, width 0.54–0.57 (HT 0.55) mm, deep brownish to black-brown. usually with paler ochre-brownish area of baso-median convexity; lateral margins widely arcuate (indentations absent), anterolateral teeth nearly effaced or only indicated, anterior margin with rather deep emargination between two blunt anterior teeth; female labrum (Fig. 103) similar in shape to that in male but notably longer, length 0.34 mm, width 0.58 mm. Maxillae. Galea with penultimate galeomere brownish except for its dirtily whitish base and apex, terminal galeomere black except for its paler apex; lacinia (see Moravec 2007: 427, fig. 1526) black-brown with ochraceous setae, elongate, with simply spatulate-dilated apex (width 0.14 mm). Palpi (Fig. 93). Maxillary palpi (in HT missing) with testaceous basal palpomere, two other palpomeres blackbrown with whitish microsetae, terminal palpomere ochre-testaceous; labial palpi (only right labial palpus preserved in HT) with basal (short) palpomeres testaceous, penultimate (longest) palpomeres yellow to ochre-testaceous (in HT brownish except for testaceous basal area), terminal palpomeres yellow-testaceous. Mandibles normally shaped, subsymmetrical (terminal tooth of left mandible somewhat longer), black with cinnamon-brown or mahogany-brown teeth; male mandibles (Fig. 95) with second tooth smaller than fourth tooth in both mandibles; female mandibles (Fig. 94) with terminal teeth notably shorter than those in male, and inner teeth of almost same size in both mandibles. Antennae (Figs 85–87, 93) shorter than body in both sexes, reaching only elytral anteapical angles, in male mostly black-brown sometimes with more or less distinctly mahogany-testaceous ventral side of scape and small basal area of pedicel, somewhat paler or indistinctly testaceous base of antennomere 4; female antennomeres 3–4 almost uniformly black; antennomeres 5–11 brownish or brownish-testaceous in both sexes. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 96–99) cylindric, almost uniformly shaped and sized in both sexes; length 1.30–1.40 mm, width 0.85–0.90 mm; anterior lobe narrower than posterior one, transversely parallel-wavy rugose; lateral margins of disc notably dilated towards base; notopleural sutures invisible from above; median line indistinct, partly merging with surface sculpture; discal surface coarsely but rather densely and mostly irregularly transversely wavyrugulose, lateral areas mostly vermicular-rugulose; posterior lobe rather variably black-brown (as also in HT and the only female), or entirely black, its surface covered with irregular, transverse rugae; pronotal surface nearly glabrous with only occasional, very short and barely visible decumbent setae; ventral thoracic sterna black-brown; prosternum narrow, nearly smooth, with sparse short setae; proepisterna large, shiny-black, with parallel-wavy rugae (passing from disc over notopleural sutures), glabrous except for few setae on effaced area adjacent to ventral suture; mesosternum smooth, with two long central-sublateral setae and covered with short microtrichia; metasternum smooth but covered with denser, mostly short hairlike setae; mesepisterna smooth and with only few microtrichia; metepisterna with deep longitudinal sulcus and almost glabrous. Elytra (Figs 89–92) elongate, length 3.30–3.60 mm, almost uniformly shaped in both sexes, lateral margins notably dilated towards distinctly delineated anteapical angles; apices rather indistinctly sexually dimorphic; male apex (Figs 89, 91) rounded in middle (in left elytron of HT narrowed and appearing nearly subacute), widely emarginate towards bluntly terminated suture; female apex (Figs 90, 92) externally widely arcuate and pointed in middle, then more steeply excised towards small, blunt sutural spine; elytral surface appearing matt, moderately convex and somewhat flattened on posterior area of disc, discal impression indistinct, rather coarsely punctate throughout; punctures deep, smaller on basodiscal convexity, conspicuously deep and large on anterolateral areas, punctation on flattened posterior discal area converted into shallow irregularly bumpy-imbricate sculpture; punctures on posterior declivity shallow, apex with shallowly foveolate-uneven surface; intervals between punctures on discal area of matt appearance, as they are bumpy and covered with tiny tubercles, intervals on lateral areas wider, smooth and shiny, widest intervals on anteapical angles; setal vesture irregular (as usual for the subgenus) consisting of dense, very short decumbent ornamental setae originating from the microtubercles on bumpy intervals; several long erect hairlike setae present on humeral and anteapical area. Abdomen. Ventrites pitchy black or black-brown, surface with sparse short setae and usual two long setae on either side along the middle at posterior margin of ventrite 4; female ventrite 8 testaceous. Legs. Coxae pitchy black or brownish with blackened basal areas, procoxae with indistinct short appressed setae, mesocoxae smooth with apical seta, metacoxae black, covered with sparse short setae and with long apical seta; trochanters translucently whitish-testaceous except for brownish metatrochanters; femora and tibiae pitchy black to black-brown with only indistinctly paler apex of femora and base of pro- and mesotibiae except for paler longitudinal stripe on ventral apical third of profemora; tarsi black-brown; last two tarsomeres of metatarsi and claws ochraceous. Aedeagus (Fig. 88) elongate, nearly straight, length 1.35–1.40 mm, width 0.20 mm, in its left lateral view with conspicuously dorsally hooked, beak-like, acute tip which is thinly leaf-flattened in dorsal view; dorsoapical orifice long. Variability. The original line drawing of the male labrum of the holotype (Moravec 2003: 33, Fig 77) shows more distinct and numerous microtrichia on the labral surface. However, the figure was drawn schematically and as emphasized in the redescription above, only one other male of the four recently examined adults has few indistinct, barely visible microtrichia on its labral surface. The coloration of the penultimate (longest) palpomere of labial palpi somewhat varies as mentioned in the redescription above. The pattern of the elytral punctation with uneven bumpy intervals in the four recently caught adults perfectly corresponds to that in the holotype and its original description (Moravec 2007), although the punctures may appear more spaced and nitid in the habitus of the holotype (Fig. 85). However, the seemingly somewhat different appearance of the elytral surface was caused by a different angle of illumination and a different method of the photography used 16 years ago (for the recent method used for the other figures published here see “Material and methods” above). Biology and distribution (Fig. 107). Pogonostoma (P.) fabiocassolai was originally described from the evergreen forest of Sandranantitra, northeast of Tamatave, inland area of eastern Madagascar (Moravec 2003). Three other males and one female were caught recently by the second author and his son Ondřej Vybíral in the AndasibePerinet National Park (evergreen forest of Analamazaotra). The examined male holotype adult held in its mandibles remains of a very small Diptera-like insect (Moravec 2003, 2007). Remarks. The absence of any lateral indentation and lateral setae in the labrum has been confirmed in all five recently examined adults of P. (M.) fabiocassolai. Such consistently 2-setose labrum represents a unique diagnostic character within the subgenus Microstenocera.Published as part of Moravec, Jiří & Vybíral, Jan, 2020, New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 201-230 in Zootaxa 4881 (2) on pages 223-225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/428353
Physodeutera (Toxoma) conturbata Moravec 2002
No full textPhysodeutera (Toxoma) conturbata Moravec, 2002 (Figs 1–23, 106) Physodeutera (Toxoma) conturbata Moravec, 2002a: 118, figs 309–316, 724–725. Type locality. Antseva, northwestern Madagascar, Sambirano (see “Distribution” below). Type material. Holotype ♂ in SDEI, labelled: “Antseva / XI. 33” // “NW-Madag. / J. Mellis ” [printed] // “ Coll. W. Horn / DEI Eberswalde” [printed // “ Holotype / Physodeutera (Toxoma) / conturbata sp. n. / det. Jiří Moravec, 2000 ” [red, printed]. Paratypes. 2 ♀♀ in SDEI: “Antseva-Ammbobako / N.W. Madagaskar ” [printed] // “ R. Ramena N.W. Madag. / J. Mellis ” [printed] // “ Coll. W. Horn / DEI Eberswalde” [printed]. 1 ♀ in SDEI with partly illegible locality label: “Antsabetsienne / XI. 33” [handwritten]; other labels identical. All paratype specimens labelled: “ Paratype / Physodeutera (Toxoma) / conturbata sp. n. / det. Jiří Moravec, 2000 ” [red, printed]. Differential diagnosis. Physodeutera (Toxoma) conturbata and the three other species treated below are clearly distinguished from Physodeutera (Toxoma) sikorai (W. Horn, 1896) and Ph. (T.) breviformis (W. Horn, 1904) by their white elytral maculation reduced to only humeral macula, somewhat thinner penultimate palpomeres of labial palpi, and shorter, much stouter aedeagus. Ph. (T.) conturbata immediately differs from Ph. (T.) lokobensis sp. nov. and Ph. (T.) dubia in having much darker, prevailingly deep cyaneous-violaceous dorsal coloration particularly on elytra, with indistinct shadowy tinge on elytral disc and much finer punctures on the posterior declivity (Figs 1, 19–22) than in Ph. (T.) dubia, distinctly anteriad-attenuated lateral margins of its pronotal disc (Figs 16–17) (except for one large aberrant female (Fig. 18), entirely metallic black antennomeres 2–4 in both sexes (Figs 2–3), darker penultimate palpomere of maxillary palpus in female (Fig. 4) and wider aedeagus with short, regularly rounded apex (Figs 8–9). Physodeutera (Toxoma) sulcoprothoracica immediately differs in having rather matt green-blue elytra with notably distinct, velvety-black shadowy zone on the elytral disc and almost effaced punctures within the area and on posterior declivity (Figs 90, 102–104). For other differences see under Ph. (T.) lokobensis sp. nov. and Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica below. Redescription. Body (Fig. 1) medium-sized to large, length 9.25–10.35 (HT 9.25) mm long, width 2.90–3.20 (HT 2.90) mm, deep cyaneous-violaceous. Head (Figs 10–12) with large eyes, only slightly narrower than body, width 2.65–3.10 mm. Frons metallic deep green-blue, convex in middle, finely longitudinally striate-wrinkled, wrinkles passing through frons-vertex blunt fold onto vertex; supraantennal plates flat, indistinct. Vertex black-cyaneous with deep, transverse anterior impression reaching eyes, surface coarsely and irregularly (mostly longitudinally) striate-rugulose, striae wavy, passing to irregularly vermicular rugae on posterior and occipital areas; large juxtaorbital areas with denser parallel striae deformed by anterior and two posterior impressions (on either side); sublateral parallel rugae divergent when passing onto temples. Genae deep blue with violaceous lustre, finely wrinkled. Clypeus metallic black-blue with green lustre, lateral upper areas reddish. Labrum ivory to ochre-testaceous with metallic black-blue basolateral areas of central convexity (more expanded in female); male labrum (Fig. 13) rather short, length 0.95 mm width 1.20 mm, lateral margins conically attenuated towards indistinct lateral indentations, and prominent, acute anterolateral teeth; tridentate anteromedian lobe short and subtruncate with right-angled teeth and bluntly indicated median tooth; female labrum (Figs 14–15) almost as long as wide, length 1.20–1.35 mm, width 1.25–1.45 mm, anteromedian lobe tridentate with prominent acute or subacute teeth and longer, protruding, almost cylindrical, blunt median tooth. Mandibles (Fig. 10) subsymmetrical, brown with testaceous basolateral areas, teeth mahogany-brown with dark margins, shaped as in other species treated below (the exact shape of opened mandibles is not illustrated here as the mandibles in the type specimens are firmly closed, resistant to rehydration). Palpi. Maxillary palpi (Figs 4–5) ivory-testaceous with terminal palpomere brownish in male, with last two palpomeres brownish in female; labial palpi in male with brown terminal palpomere, their penultimate (longest) palpomere moderately dilated with subparallel lateral margins, ochre-testaceous in male (Fig. 7), brownish in female (Fig. 6). Antennae (Figs 1, 2–3) slightly surpassing elytral half; scape whitish-testaceous in male (Fig. 2), while dark mahogany-brown in female (Fig. 3), antennomeres 2–4 metallic black-brown in both sexes, antennomere 5 ochretestaceous or brownish-testaceous, antennomere 6 variably testaceous or brownish, 7–10 brownish, gradually darkened towards terminal antennomere that is smoky-blackish. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 16–18), elongate, length 1.95–2.25 mm, width 1.55–1.80 mm, dorsally deep cyaneous with violaceous lustre within sulci and on lateral areas of disc and faint bronze lustre in middle in male, greenish lustre in female; anterior and posterior sulci well pronounced, anterior lobe narrower than posterior lobe and disc; lateral margins of disc distinctly attenuated anteriad, except for subparallel margins in one of the females (Fig. 18); notopleural sutures almost invisible from above; median line narrow, partly merging with surface sculpture anteriorly; surface of disc distinctly and coarsely transversely rugose on entire discal surface, rugae rather sharp, wavy and occasionally anastomosing, passing to transverse-parallel rugae on lateral areas; posterior lobe bordered with sharp basal rim, dorsolateral bulges rather distinct, pulvinate, fluently passing to irregularly and shallowly rugulose median area; prosternum and mesosternum deep blue, finely wrinkled; proepisterna shiny black-blue with violaceous lustre, nearly smooth; mesepisterna black blue with purple lustre, mesepisternal coupling sulci variable (also between left and right mesepisternum), entirely absent, or present in form of indistinct, rarely distinct pit. Elytra (Figs 19–22), elongate, 5.55–6.20 mm long; lateral margins subparallel, only slightly dilated towards arcuate anteapical angles, apices almost subacute in male, rounded in female, indistinctly emarginate towards indistinct sutural spine; juxtaepipleural area with sparse white microsetae; humeral impressions very short, basodiscal convexity and discal impression rather distinct, apical impressions moderate; surface punctate throughout (except for smooth basohumeral limited area), punctures much coarser on anterior elytral half and lateral area, occasionally anastomosing in chains, their elevated anterior margins optically forming subreticulate ornament (in different light angle the intervals appear as if forming crests giving rasp-like appearance of the surface sculpture); posterior half of elytral disc with much smaller and more spaced punctures, particularly within indistinctly shadowed area; elytral coloration deep cyaneous with brighter greenish lustre within discal impression and deep violaceous on lateral and apical areas, and with indistinct, feebly diffusing shade on elytral disc; whitish maculation consisting of distinct humeral macula in male, which is brownish-darkened, barely visible in female. Abdomen. Abdominal ventrites black-blue with violaceous reflections, smooth and glabrous (except for usual sublateral sensory seta (on either side) at ventrite margins. Legs. Male procoxae and mesocoxae pale testaceous, metacoxae and all female coxae metallic blue with testaceous apices, trochanters in both sexes testaceous, male femora distinctly bicoloured: profemora dorsally brown, while their whole ventral and apical area ochre-yellow; mesofemora brown, their ochre ventral area less expanded; metafemora almost entirely brown; tibiae and tarsi testaceous to brownish, protarsi darkened; female legs much darker, entirely brown to black-brown. Aedeagus (Figs 8–9), stout, length 2.25 mm, width 0.45 mm, dorsally dilated, apical portion conically constricted, while ventral outline almost straight, only slightly ventrad-bent apically and fluently arcuately passing into short, regularly rounded apex; structure of internal sac consisting of distinctly arcuate-bent arciform piece accompanied with shorter, apically bilobed satellite piece, basal plates, and large, longitudinal, apically clavate-rounded, membranous piece. Only cleared aedeagus was illustrated by the first author (Moravec 2002a, fig. 316) and since the same aedeagus is photographed here, it is impossible to compare the shape of untreated aedeagus to that of Ph. (T.) dubia and Ph. (T.) lokobensis sp. nov. Distribution. (Fig. 106). Only the four type specimens from the type locality of Physodeutera (Toxoma) conturbata are known. Antseva (Antseva-Ambobako) lies 15–20 km southeast of the town of Ambanja at the base of the Tsaratanana Massif and the Ramena River, geographically Sambirano (see Viette 1991). The locality name Antseva must not be confused with homonymous places in other areas of Madagascar named as such not only recently (a case of homonymous names and recent changes in names in a number of places throughout Madagascar). The same is true of the name of the Sambiranense Ramena River, which must not be confused with the town of Ramena in the northernmost promontory of Madagascar. Behaviour of adults unknown. Remarks. The four type specimens examined were deposited in a series standing under the name Prothyma schaumi in the collection of Walther Horn (SDEI). Because of the complex of characters, particularly the shape of its penultimate palpomeres of the labial palpi and the structure of the internal sac of the aedeagus, characteristic of the subgenus Toxoma, this species was described by the first author (Moravec 2002a) in the subgenus Toxoma. The characters clearly differentiate Ph. (T.) conturbata from the holotype of Megalomma schaumi W. Horn, 1872, which is a junior synonym of Ph. (Diarrhiza) viridicyanea (Audouin & Brullé, 1839), and also from all other species of the subgenus Diarrhiza Jeannel, 1946. It must be noted here that there are in fact three females in SDEI originally labelled as paratypes instead of the two females mentioned in typo error in the monograph of the genus (Moravec 2002a).Published as part of Moravec, Jiří & Trýzna, Miloš, 2021, New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 151-182 in Zootaxa 5060 (2) on pages 155-160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/562721
Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) borisbubeniki Moravec & Trýzna 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPogonostoma (Microstenocera) borisbubeniki sp. nov. (Figs 1–24) Type locality. Madagascar, Ambohitantely Special Reserve in the north-eastern part of Central Highlands, district of Ankazobe (Analamanga Region). Type material. Holotype ♂ in NMPC (temporarily in CJVB), labelled: “ Madagascar, 19.-25.XII. / Ambohitantely Spec. Res. / circuit Botanique, 2019 / S18°11´44´´; E47°17´16´´, / 1623 m, M. Trýzna leg.” [printed]. Allotype ♀ in CJVB (later in NMPC) with same locality label. Paratypes. 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ in CCJM, 1 ♂ in CJVB, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in CMTD, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in COSJ, 1 ♂ in BBFM, 1 ♂ in BMNH, 1 ♂ in SDEI with same locality labels. 1 ♀ in CIMO: “ Madagascar, Antana- / narivo pr. Ankazobe Mts. / Ambohitantely res., 1600 m. / 2.–3.I.2013, I. Martinů leg.” [printed]. These type specimens labelled: “ Holotype (“ Allotype ” or “ Paratype ” respectively) Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) / borisbubeniki sp. nov. / det. Jiří Moravec / & Miloš Trýzna 2022 ” [red, printed]. Differential diagnosis. Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) borisbubeniki sp. nov. is treated here as a member of P. (Microstenocera) fleutiauxi species-group (as proposed by Moravec 2007). Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) andreevae Moravec, 2007 (Figs 25–31) notably resembles the new species in having the same coloration of its antennae, yellow-testaceous palpi, apices of femora and bases of tibiae (leg-knees), but is immediately distinguished by its testaceous metatarsi (Figs 28, 30, 31) (unique character within Pogonostoma), its pronotum (Fig. 30) particularly in female (Fig. 25) more elongated and with clearly testaceous posterior lobe in both sexes, and the sculpture on the pronotal disc consisting of more transversely arranged rugae. In addition, the labrum of P. (M.) andreevae is longer and with truncate anterolateral lobe (female labrum Figs 26–27), while the anterolateral lobe is deeply excised in P. (M.) borisbubeniki sp. nov. (Figs 6–10). Aedeagi of these two species also clearly differ. Despite the similar apex and some variability in the shape of the aedeagi of P. (M.) borisbubeniki sp. nov. in their lateral view (Figs 17–23), they are always widest in their upper straight portion and narrowed towards their bent basal portion. In contrast, the aedeagus of the male allotype of P. (M.) andreevae (Fig. 29) has markedly voluminous, ventrad-dilated base of its straight portion and the aedeagus is, moreover, notably shorter. Last but not least, these two species are separated also by their disjunct habitats. Although their localities are formally included into the Central Highlands domain, P. (M.) andreevae is known only from the Ranomafana National Park in the south-eastern part of the Central Highlands, considerably distant from Ambohitantely which is situated on the north-eastern edge of the domain with considerably separate ecosystems. Two other species, Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) skrabali Moravec, 2000 and P. (Microstenocera) horni Fleutiaux, 1899, are rather similar to the new species by their yellow-testaceous palpi and leg-knees, but the pattern of testaceous areas on their antennae markedly differ, and their pronotal disc is much wider and with much coarser surface sculpture. Although the aedeagus of P. (M.) skrabali also has rather similar apex, its basal portion is more distinctly (“boomerang-like”) bent. In addition, P. (M.) horni clearly differs in having its aedeagus distinctly elongated and constricted into narrow, dorsally hooked apex. For these and other characters of P. (M.) skrabali see Moravec (2007: 358–361, figs 1289–1296, 1776), and for P. (M.) horni (which belongs to P. (M.) schaumi species-group) see Moravec (2007: 353–357, figs 1275–1287, 1775). Description. Body (Fig. 1) medium-sized, length 8.00–8.80 (HT 8.60, AT 8.80) mm, width 2.10–2.50 (HT 2.40, AT 2.50) mm (size independent of sex), black, setal vesture white. Head (Figs 1–2) narrower than body, width 1.70–1.80 mm; temples rather long, only 2 times shorter than eyes. Frons-vertex. Frons indistinctly separated from clypeus by thin, barely visible suture and fluently merging with vertex; supra-antennal keels in shape of rather distinctly elevated, shortly sinuous anterolateral edge and small posterior one which usually merges with surface sculpture; frons-vertex and occipital surface finely scabriculousrugulose throughout (partly very irregularly and sometimes passing to fine, almost areolate-scabriculous sculpture), with two shallow sublateral anterolateral impressions (in form of only barely noticeable or even unrecognizable Ushaped impression) and indistinct vertex-occipital impression; surface appearing almost glabrous as covered with dorsally barely visible, scattered, white microtrichia which are denser and longer on frons and temporal areas. Genae shallowly wrinkled, with scattered, whitish, hairlike setae, which are partly appressed and therefore barely visible. Clypeus black, usually convex in middle, its surface finely coriaceous-rough, covered with white microsetae. Labrum 4-setose with yellow-testaceous setae, black, with moderate central convexity; surface coriaceous, sparsely covered with irregularly scattered, short, white microtrichia which occasionally surpass labral margin; male labrum (Figs 6–7) notably short, 0.50–0.55 mm long, 0.90–1.00 mm wide, lateral margins widely arcuate, lateral indentations with lateral setae indistinct and placed anteriad below small, irregularly acute anterolateral teeth; anterior margin with deep median excision forming two distinct, mostly acute but right-angled anterior teeth on either side; female labrum (Figs 8–10) longer, length 0.65–0.70 mm, width 0.90–0.95 mm, more prolonged anteriad with narrow bidentate anteromedian lobe formed by deep median excision. Maxillae (Fig. 5). Galea elongate, entirely black; lacinia black, with rather distinctly enlarged, 0.20–0.23 mm wide apex; setae black to black-brown. Palpi (Figs 1–2) rather long, both maxillary and labial palpi yellow-testaceous except for terminal palpomeres that are black with brownish-testaceous margin; setae black. Mandibles (Fig. 4) black with mahogany-testaceous teeth, rather slender, terminal teeth comparatively long, subsymmetrical (as usual, left terminal tooth shorter than right one); inner teeth in left male mandible almost of the same size, while right mandible in both sexes with third tooth smaller than the second tooth. Antennae (Figs 1, 3) very long, distinctly surpassing elytra in both sexes; scape black with ochre dorsoapical area in variable extend, pedicel black with ochre base or ochre-yellow basal half, antennomeres 3–4 black with ochre-yellow basal spot; antennomere 5 yellow-testaceous except for black-darkened apical quarter or third; antennomere 6 black-brown with short, yellow basal area; antennomeres 7–11 black-brown (antennomeres 2–4 with sparse microsetae, 5–11 with usual, dense pad of microtrichia). Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 11–12) black, elongate, length 1.80–2.05 mm, width 1.20–1.30 mm; anterior lobe narrower than posterior one, its surface finely irregularly granulate to granulate-rugulose; disc with arcuate-convex lateral margins (slightly less convex in female); notopleural sutures rather distinctly elevated, clearly obvious from above as separated from dorsally visible proepisternal margins only at discal basal area, then gradually narrowed anteriad and vanishing below anterior sulcus; median line thin but continuous, or only partly merging with surface sculpture in middle; discal surface very finely tuberculate-rugulose to wavy rugulose, rugae very irregular and almost vermicular on anterior area, becoming irregularly wavy and more continuous on large median area; only limited posterior area continuously transverse-striate; lateral areas irregularly and finely tuberculate; whole surface of anterior lobe and disc appearing glabrous, but in fact covered with short, sparse, barely visible, white microtrichia; posterior lobe black, very rarely with indistinct brownish shade at base (also in HT), obvious only under a certain light-angle, surface very irregularly transverse-rugulose, or very irregularly uneven in middle, glabrous, with only occasional microsetae laterally; proepisterna separated by the distinct notopleural sutures, nearly smooth with shallow rugae on large juxtanotopleural area, glabrous, shiny-black; ventral sterna black, prosternum with rather dense semierect or erect and rather long hairlike setae; mesosternum and metasternum with sparser hairlike setae; mesepisterna black, nearly smooth, glabrous, in both sexes with small deep pit-like impression at dorsal margin (mesepisterna in female indistinguishable from those of male); metepisterna with deep, longitudinal furrow and few microtrichia in their upper surface. Elytra (Figs 13–16) notably elongate, length 4.50–5.20 mm, surface convex with deep discal impression; humeri arcuate, obliquely declined; outer margins subparallel, then arcuate-dilated at anteapical angles; apices in male (Figs 13, 15) shallowly emarginated towards suture; apices in female (Figs 14, 16) with notably deep sutural excision, forming distinct inner tooth which is pointed or blunted; elytral surface irregularly, rather finely punctate, intervals flat, nearly smooth and shiny as covered with indistinct setigerous microtubercles of irregular density; punctures deepest and largest on basodiscal convexity and anterolateral areas, very irregular within discal impression, becoming smaller posteriad, sparse and shallow with flat, shiny intervals on median area of elytral disc (as covered with dense appressed microsetae, the punctate-sculpture may be barely visible); setal vesture consisting of whitish, decumbent or tightly appressed ornamental microsetae which, due to the black surface are darkened, usually forming tightly “coiffured-like” variously oriented ornaments; long, erect, hairlike sensory setae sparsely scattered on anteapical and humeral areas. Abdomen. Ventrites black, sparsely covered with white appressed microtrichia. Legs (Fig. 1). Coxae black with testaceous apex; trochanters yellow-testaceous; femora black with yellowtestaceous apical area (knees), tibiae black with yellow basal third; pro- and mesotarsi black (protarsi sometimes black-brown), metatarsi consistently black; setal vesture usual, femora appearing as glabrous. Aedeagus (Figs 17–24) elongate, length 2.00– 2.05 mm, width 0.35–0.40 mm, widest in its upper straight portion, narrowed towards rather moderately bent basal portion, apical portion constricted towards small, blunt rarely nearly pointed, dorsad directed apex; in its ventral view (Fig. 24) the aedeagus is conically attenuated towards rounded apex. Variability. Only unimportant variability, particularly in the shape of the aedeagi mentioned in the description above and obvious from the illustrations. Etymology. Dedicated to Boris Bubeník (M.D.), a dear colleague in entomology, Frýdek Místek, Czech Republic. Distribution and ecology (Figs 32–36). The new species is known only from its type locality in the Ambohitantely Special Reserve situated on the north-eastern edge of the Central Highlands in the district of Ankazobe, 140 km northwest of Antananarivo. The reserve was established in 1982 and represents the only protected area in the Analamanga Region. Encompassing 5600 ha, the area includes 1800 ha of primary forest and 3800 ha of grassland, at altitudes of 1300–1650 m. Ambohitantely is, therefore, highly important for its unique ecosystem as it includes both lowland and riparian forest, as well as upland forest formations with amazing biodiversity (e.g. Goodman et al. 2018). It is also noteworthy that apart from the 14 adults of P. (M.) borisbubeniki sp. nov., numerous adults of another possibly new species, externally similar to P. (Microstenocera) vybirali Moravec, 2000 and P. (Microstenocera) laportei W. Horn, 1900, were caught exclusively in Ambohitantely. Their prevailing occurrence may explain that only two other species of Pogonostoma come from the reserve. First male of P. (Pogonostoma) densisculptum Moravec, 2003 was described from Ambohitantely by Moravec & Vybíral (2020). One additional female of the latter was caught there together with one female of another rare species P. (Pogonostoma) impressum Rivalier, 1970 (new record here). Regarding adults of non-arboreous tiger beetle genera, Ambalia aberrans (Fairmaire, 1871), Cylindera (Cicindelina) pierroni (Fairmaire, 1880), Hipparidium equestre (Dejean, 1826), Chaetotaxis rugicollis (Fairmaire, 1871), and Peridexia fulvipes fulvipes (Dejean, 1831) were recently found there by the second author, who conducted his research in Ambohitantely. It is noteworthy that no historical specimens of tiger beetles labelled “Ambohitantely” were found in collections during the thorough revision of Madagascan Cicindelidae by the first author (Moravec 2002, 2007, 2010), and that Ambohitantely was not treated by Horn (1934) as well as in the map of Madagascar in Olsoufieff (1934). It might have been due to the fact that Ambohitantely lies merely 25–30 km northeast of Ankazobe (as addressed by Viette 1991), which has been a much better-known place. Also Andriamampianina et al. (2000) mentioned Ambohitantely as: “ areas of the central region that could be of interest include Ankazobe (Ambohitantely) ”. Consequently, among a number of historical tiger beetle specimens labelled “Ankazobe” and recently also “Manankazo env.”, some might have been in fact caught in Ambohitantely. It may be supported by the fact that the above-mentioned species (except for P. (M.) borisbubeniki sp. nov. and the above-mentioned potentially new Pogonostoma) also occurred in the forest near Manankazo and Ankazobe. The forest, formerly a forest station Manankazo (Viette 1991), lying along the road NR4 from Antananarivo to Mahajanga, is now destroyed and consists of mostly degraded forest fragments, yet still with some tiger beetle species which have found refuge in the forest remnants after the formerly large forested area had been destroyed (Moravec 2022). Unfortunately, like other Madagascan preserved areas, the ecosystem of Ambohitantely is in increasing danger, also due to fires, which have been commonly considered an important contributing factor to the rapid decline of Madagascan biodiversity. Klein et al. (2007) widely discussed recent alarming problems in protection of preserved areas, particularly of Ambohitantely. Frappier-Britton & Lehman (2022) presented a complete analysis to quantify the distribution and seasonal timing of fires across the entire island, based on satellite VIIRS data. They widely confer on the alarming danger for preserved ecosystems due to anthropogenic fire used across the entire island, which is now a major source of mortality for many Madagascan forest species. Regarding Ambohitantely, there are some fire-protection strips built in places where the forest adjoins the savannah, to prevent possible spread of fires to the protected forest. However, another serious danger for the biodiversity in Ambohitantely resides in the unregulated spread of an invasive grass species (tentatively considered to be Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q. Nguyen). This introduced and highly aggressive weed has been rapidly spreading into the forest of the reserve during the last few years. Ambohitantely was repeatedly visited in November 2011, January 2016, January 2017, and December 2019 by the second author who noticed a gradual but accelerating decline in the diversity of tiger beetles. In comparison to the as yet unaffected forest parts, a significant decrease in species of the strictly arboreous genus Pogonostoma was obvious on the trees densely overgrown by this invasive grass (Fig. 35).Published as part of Moravec, Jiří & Trýzna, Miloš, 2022, New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 25. Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) borisbubeniki sp. nov., compared to P. (M.) andreevae Moravec, 2007 and a revised key to the species-group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 245-260 in Zootaxa 5155 (2) on pages 249-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5155.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/667345
Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) noheli Moravec & Vybíra 2018, sp. nov.
No full textPogonostoma (Microstenocera) noheli sp. nov. (Figs 1–20) Type locality. Eastern Madagascar: province of Toamasina (= Tamatave), Lakato forest near Moramanga. Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) flavomaculatum sensu Moravec (2007: 398), partim. Non P. (M.) flavomaculatum W. Horn, 1892! Type material. Holotype ♂ in SDEI, labelled: “Madagascar Est / Lakato / Moramanga / 20–23.I.2000, leg. Jan Vybíral” [printed] // “Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) / flavomaculatum / W. Horn, 1892 / det. Jiří Moravec 2003” [printed] // “Holotype / Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) / noheli sp. nov. det. / J. Moravec et Jan Vybíral 2017” [red, printed]. Allotype. 1 ♀ in CJVB: “Madagascar Est / Lakato / (Moramanga) / 20–23.I.2000, leg. Jiří Moravec” [printed] // “Allotype / Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) / noheli sp. nov. det. / J. Moravec et Jan Vybíral 2017” [red, printed]. Paratypes. 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ in CCJM: “Madagascar Est / Lakato near Moramanga / 19.XII.1998 leg. Jiří Moravec”. 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ in CJVB: ibid., except for leg. Jan Vybíral” // “Paratype / Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) / noheli sp. nov. det. / J. Moravec et Jan Vybíral 2017” [red, printed]. Differential diagnosis. Externally similar to P. (M.) flavomaculatum, but the main diagnostic difference is in the unique shape of the aedeagus of P. (M.) noheli sp. nov. which is in the middle ventrally deeply excavated, and then constricted into elongate thorn-like apex (Figs 14, 16, 18–20). In contrast, P. (M.) flavomaculatum possesses a longer aedeagus with a much wider, gradually conically attenuated apex, usually emarginated dorsally (Figs 37– 38, 40–43). Moreover, the pronotal posterior lobe of P. (M.) noheli sp. nov. is consistently ochre-yellow or testaceous, while in P. (M.) flavomaculatum the posterior lobe is mostly black, rarely partly brownish, or brownishtestaceous, very rarely predominantly testaceous. The pronotal disc in P. (M.) noheli sp. nov. (Figs 5–6) is more narrowed anteriad and notably oviform, particularly so in females, covered with more distinctly transverse rugae, and the labrum (Figs 12–13) is mostly brownish and with clearly outlined central convexity, while the pronotal disc in both sexes of P. (M.) flavomaculatum is almost regularly ellipsoid with much finer and irregular surface sculpture, and the labrum is entirely black and with central convexity almost keel-like raised in middle. Similar coloration of the body and appendages is also found in P. (M.) sawadai Moravec. (2007) described from Ranomafana (south-eastern Madagascar), but it clearly differs from both P. (M.) noheli sp. nov. and P. (M.) flavomaculatum in having its pronotal disc with much coarser surface sculpture consisting of more continuous transverse ridges, and with distinctly elevated notopleural sutures visible in dorsal view along the whole margins of the pronotal disc, and its aedeagus has the conical apical portion notably ventrally directed (Moravec 2007: 403, figs 1448–1450). P. (M.) pusillum (Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1835) immediately differs from P. (M.) noheli sp. nov. in having entirely black legs, truncate elytral apices in both sexes and very different shape of the aedeagus (similar to that in P. (M.) flavomaculatum W. Horn, 1892). Description. Body (Figs 1–2) small, length 5.55–7.50 (HT 7.30, AT 7.50) mm, width 1.55–1.90 (HT 1.70, AT 1.90) mm, both ventrally and dorsally shiny pitchy-black, except for ochre-yellow to ochre-testaceous pronotal posterior lobe; setal vesture whitish. Head (Fig. 9) narrower than body, 1.25–1.45 mm wide, with only one orbital sensory seta (on each side), lacking frontoclypeal setae; temples moderately long (2 times shorter than eyes). Frons flat or moderately convex, merging with clypeus in middle and not differentiated from vertex; supraantennal keels consisting of distinctly elevated anterior crest and smaller posterior one; vertex nearly flat on anterior area, convex between posterior half of eyes, with variably shallow or deep posterior impression; surface of the frons, anterior and median area of vertex rather finely scabrous-rugulose to partly areolate (thin intervals forming irregular subreticulate sculpture); posterior area more scabrous-rugulose, occipital area and temples with much more irregular, short and wavy rugae, or partly bumpy; whole dorsal surface densely covered with very short and therefore indistinct, decumbent to erect, whitish ornamental microtrichia which are barely obvious in dorsal view. Genae shiny black, variably very shallowly or markedly rugulose, particularly on postgenal area, finely wrinkled on anterior area, ventral half nearly smooth with sparse whitish micrortichia. Clypeus matt black, rough, distinctly elevated in frontoclypeal area, with sparse, short, whitish setae. Labrum (Fig. 12–13) 4–setose bearing long, yellowish setae, surface brownish or black-brown, rarely black, sparsely covered with short, appressed, white microtrichia; central convexity moderate but clearly outlined by semicircular shallow impression; shape and size similar in both sexes: lateral margins moderately rounded towards mostly blunt, more or less distinct lateral indentations, small, subacute or blunt, right-angled anterolateral teeth, constricted towards narrow median lobe which is short or more anteriad prolonged, shallowly emarginate between two blunt or subacute anterior teeth; male labrum 0.35–0.45 mm long, 0.60–0.85 mm wide; female labrum 0.45– 0.53 mm long, 0.75–0.85 mm wide. Maxillae (Fig. 11). Galea black with brownish apex; lacinia black-brown, elongate and outward-turned, gradually dilated towards simple, subacute apex with sinuous, but never bilobed margin, 0.15–0.70 mm wide; setae ochre-brown to testaceous. Palpi (Fig 9) black-brown to black with rusty to rusty-brown apical area of terminal palpomeres; setae on longest palpomeres very long, ivory-yellow. Mandibles (Figs 9–10) black-brown with reddish-brown to ochre brown to testaceous teeth and ochrebrownish juxtamolar area, separated by distinct edge from large, distinctly outward-convex basolateral portions, normally shaped, lateral margins (with terminal teeth) arcuate and moderately bent in middle, subsymmetrical (terminal tooth of left mandible slightly shorter than that of right one), both left and right mandible in male with second tooth smaller than third one, less markedly so in female. Antennae (Figs 1–2, 9) in male very slightly shorter than body, in female reaching only angles of anteapical convexity, black, indistinctly maculate: scape black or black-brown with ochre-testaceous ventral side, bearing white apical seta and several surface microsetae, pedicel and antennomere 3 black or black-brown; antennomere 4 either entirely black or with more or less paler, brownish or dark testaceous basal half, antennomere 5 with either indistinctly or markedly ochre-testaceous basal half, or entirely testaceous, also antennomere 6 sometimes with pale brownish basal half, remaining antennomeres black-brown or brown; setal vesture usual, antennomeres 3–4 rather densely covered with whitish to ochre microsetae, antennomeres 5–11 with usual micropubescence. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 5–6) elongate, length 1.45–1.90 mm, width 0.90–1.05 mm; anterior lobe markedly narrower than posterior one, surface irregularly rugulose, nearly glabrous; disc notably oviform, particularly in female, with lateral margins moderately convex and narrowed anteriad; median line thin; notopleural sutures thin, indistinctly elevated, in dorsal view obvious only on posterior discal quarter or third; surface sculpture finely striate-rugulose, consisting of generally transverse rugae, continuous but also partly irregularly anastomosing, particularly on sublateral areas, but always clearly carved; whole discal surface appearing glabrous, but scattered, extremely short, indistinct microtrichia are obvious when the pronotum is observed in its lateral aspect in higher magnification; posterior lobe ochre or ochre-testaceous except for black area adjacent to disc, usually with small black spots, smooth and glabrous; proepisterna shiny and smooth except for shallowly wrinkled juxtanotopleural area, rarely finely wrinkled throughout, glabrous except for sparse microtrichia on ventral area; prosternum usually with testaceous anterior margin, sparsely covered with long and erect, whitish hairlike setae; basal half of mesosternum with scattered hairlike setae; metasternum with sparse microsetae; mesepisterna smooth, shiny, in both sexes with deep anterior-ventral furrow and scarce microtrichia on their ventral area; metepisterna transversely elongate with furrows, glabrous. Elytra (Figs 3–4) elongate, length 3.40–4.30 mm, dorsal surface with moderate basodiscal convexity, deep widely V-shaped discal impression and distinctly convex disc; humeri oblique-arcuate; lateral margins moderately dilated towards rounded angles of anteapical convexity, more distinctly so in female; apices with more or less distinct ochre coloured marginal area, sexually dimorphic: apex in male (Fig. 7) rounded in middle but with wide, shallow sutural emargination towards rounded sutural termination (usually lacking sutural spine); apex in female truncate as obliquely shallowly emarginate towards right-angled or blunt outer tooth, and with deep and steep sutural excision which forms right-angled, subacute, or sharpened inner tooth; elytral surface notably shiny, punctate throughout: punctures deep, isolated, with wide, shiny intervals, much larger, deeper and sparsely anastomosing on elytral base, within the V-shaped discal impression and on lateral areas of anterior elytral half, becoming smaller towards apices, but smallest on posterior half of elytral disc posteriad from the discal impression, particularly so along sutures, in female this area, lateral margins of humeri, basal area adjacent to pronotum and lateral areas of anteapical convexity are often almost effaced and polished; setal vesture white, ornamental setae irregularly arranged, very short, mostly appressed, arising both from the punctures and from micropits of microtexture, rather densely covering shiny intervals, densest on discal area, but on female elytra on the areas with more spaced punctures the setae appearing as only arising from the punctures, because those on the shiny intervals are usually sparser, tightly appressed and therefore barely visible; the ornamental setae are mixed with sparse, long, and erect, whitish hairlike sensory setae which are particularly present on humeral, basolateral and anteapical areas. Abdomen. Ventrites black except for testaceous margin of last ventrite, their surface sparsely or more densely covered with short whitish microtrichia. Legs (Figs 1–2). Coxae black or partly rusty-testaceous; trochanters ochre to brownish-testaceous, metatrochanters sometimes partly blackened; femora black with ochre-yellow apical areas, glabrous or with only few, indistinct, short, whitish microtrichia; tibiae black with ochre-yellow basal areas (“knees” together with tibiae, Fig. 21), protibiae rarely also with paler apical third, rather densely covered with short, whitish or ferrugineous microtrichia which are darker on metatibiae; tarsi black, rarely protarsi and even more rarely mesotarsi with first two tarsomeres brownish-testaceous, densely covered with whitish microtrichia; claws testaceous. Aedeagus of consistent shape (unique within the genus), notably short, 1.35–1.45 mm long, 0.22–0.25 mm wide, in its left lateral aspect (Figs 14, 16, 18–20) nearly straight with dorsal outline deeply excavated in middle, then constricted into narrow apical portion terminated with elongate, moderately ventrally directed and slightly dorsally bent, thorn-like apex which is in dorsal view (Figs 15) and ventral view (Fig. 17) conical and blunt. Variability. The shiny areas of almost or entirely effaced punctures on the elytral disc in female vary. The mostly brown labrum is rarely almost entirely black. While the yellow-testaceous apices of the femora and bases of tibiae (“knees”) are consistent in all specimens, the testaceous areas on antennomeres vary (as mentioned in the description). The male labrum is in some males longer, thus of the same shape as the female labrum. Etymology. Dedicated to Marcel Nohel, one of the friendly colleagues of the second author who is active in the research, specified to the protection of the ecosystems in Madagascar. Biology and distribution. The nine type specimens come only from the eastern evergreen rainforest near the village Lakato southeast of Moramanga, approximately 19°11´S; 48°26´E. The locality is between the forest stations Amboditiana and Ankasoka, 1050–1130 m (Viette 1991). Within our last visit in the January 2002, a great part of the forest was destroyed and other portions were just burning. The area is rather isolated from the Analamazaotra forest where P. (M.) flavomaculatum occurs. Remarks. In the monograph of the genus (Moravec 2007), P. (M.) noheli sp. nov. was previously partly included within the externally very similar P. (M.) flavomaculatum, but due to some differences from the holotype (by monotypy) of P. (M.) flavomaculatum deposited in SDEI, the possibility of an existence of a separate, undescribed species was mentioned in the monograph. For the circumstances leading to the confusion of these two species see “Remarks” under P. (Microstenocera) flavomaculatum below. The recent discovery of the numerous adults of the hitherto very rare P. (M.) flavomaculatum in the Andasibe-Mantadia National Park, has confirmed that these two species possess very different shape of their aedeagi, and that the photos in Moravec (2007, figs 1436–1437) show in fact the aedeagus of P. (M.) noheli sp. nov. The examination of the numerous specimens has enabled the separation and description of this new species.Published as part of Moravec, Jiří & Vybíra, Jan, 2018, New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 17. Description of Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) noheli sp. nov. and redescription of P. (M.) flavomaculatum W. Horn (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 76-88 in Zootaxa 4388 (1) on pages 77-82, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4388.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/118784
Pogonostoma (Microgeniatum) signifemorale Moravec & Trýzna 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Pogonostoma</i> (<i>Microgeniatum</i>) <i>signifemorale</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1–10, 14)</p> <p> <b>Type locality</b>. Northwestern Madagascar: dry deciduous forest of the Ankarafantsika National Park, “Tour du Lac” (Ambato Boeni Region, Province of Mahajanga).</p> <p> <b>Type material</b>. Holotype in NMPC (temporarily in JVCB), labelled: “NW Madagascar, 71 m, / Ankarafan- tsika N.P., Tour du Lac / S 16°18´13.0´´; E 46°48´49.1´´, / 23.- 26.i.2015, M. Trýzna leg.” [printed] // “Pogonos- toma / (Microgeniatum) / signifemorale sp. nov. ” / det Jiří Moravec / & Miloš Trýzna 2021 ” [red, printed].</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis</b>. By its extremely small body and boomerang-bent aedeagus with similarly shaped apex, <i>P</i>. (<i>M</i>.) <i>signifemorale</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> may resemble <i>P</i>. (<i>M</i>.) <i>infimum</i>. The new species is immediately distinguished from it, however, and from other three species of the subgenus by its markedly bicoloured meso- and metafemora (Fig. 1) with their basal third yellow, while their remaining, markedly dilated portions are black; moreover, also the basal area of all tibiae is yellow. Antennomeres of the new species are uniquely coloured as well: the scape is black dorsally, yellow-testaceous apically; antennomeres 2–4 ivory to yellow-testaceous (Figs 1, 3–4). In contrast, the femora and tibiae, as well as the antennae of <i>P</i>. (<i>M</i>.) <i>infimum</i> are uniformly black or black-brown (Moravec 2007, fig. 1819); the other two species also possess black femora, tibiae and antennae. In addition, the surface of the pronotal disc of the new species is covered with finer rugae (Fig. 8) than the coarser and more almost subreticulateanastomosing ridges on the pronotum of <i>P</i>. (<i>M</i>.) <i>infimum</i> (see Moravec 2007, fig. 1621). Moreover, the aedeagus of the new species is more abruptly bent above the middle and wider in the point of the angle (Fig. 5), while the angle is arcuate in <i>P</i>. (<i>M</i>.) <i>infimum</i> (see Moravec 2007, fig. 1622); the aedeagi of other two species are very differently shaped. For other differences see “Key to species” above, and the detailed redescriptions and illustrations in the monograph of the genus (Moravec 2007).</p> <p> It should be mentioned here that also <i>P</i>. (<i>Microstenocera</i>) <i>sicardi</i> W. Horn, 1927 may superficially resemble the new species by its yellow femoral bases; however, the yellow area is much less expanded and apart from the irregular elytral setal vesture (diagnostic for <i>Microstenocera</i>), <i>P</i>. (<i>Microstenocera</i>) <i>sicardi</i> differs in a complex of other characters including the very different shape of its aedeagus (see Moravec 2007).</p> <p> <b>Description</b> (male holotype). Body (Fig. 1) extremely small, length 5.60 mm, width 1.50 mm, shiny-black; setae whitish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 3) slightly narrower than body, width 1.20 mm; temples obliquely sloped, only indistinctly arcuate, 2 times shorter than eyes.</p> <p>Frons anteriad-prolonged, merging with clypeus in middle and continuously confluent with vertex, surface rather finely, irregularly scabrous-rugulose and granulate to foveolate, much finer on anterior area; supra-anten- nal keels indistinct, merging with coarse surface sculpture. Vertex with indistinct anterior-sublateral impressions, median area moderately convex, occipital impression shallow, median area coarsely, irregularly scabrous-rugulose, passing posteriad into irregularly subreticulate-scabrous sculpture; limited occipital area with several very coarse, transverse-wavy rugae; temporal area irregularly sculptured by short, irregularly wavy ridges; whole surface ap- pears glabrous as covered with indistinct, sparse and extremely short, white microtrichia, which are barely notice- able in dorsal view.</p> <p>Genae coarsely rugose nearly throughout their surface, glabrous or with few inconspicuous, short, white mi- crotrichia.</p> <p>Clypeus black, convex in middle when merging with frons, finely wrinkled, with sparse, whitish microtrichia.</p> <p>Labrum (Fig. 2) 4–setose, rather short, length 0.32 mm, width 0.60 mm, basolateral margins arcuate towards right-angled lateral indentations, then obliquely narrowed anteriad towards rather distinct, right-angled anterolateral teeth, anterior margin shallowly emarginate between two blunt, yet well developed anterior teeth; surface blackbrown, with moderate basodiscal convexity, glabrous except for a few, barely noticeable whitish microtrichia.</p> <p>Maxillae. Galea black (except for whitish apical orifice of penultimate galeomere); lacinia black with brown- ish-testaceous setae, 0.12 mm wide.</p> <p>Palpi (Fig. 3). Maxillary palpi with longest palpomere metallic black (only short basal palpomere testaceous), penultimate and terminal palpomere brown with faint reddish tinge; setae whitish; penultimate (longest) palpomeres of labial palpi notably long, their glabrous side black, while their uneven setose side is pale brownish with ivorytestaceous tinge and ivory-white apices; long setae pure white but irregularly interspaced with darker setae; terminal palpomeres brownish with mahogany tinge.</p> <p>Mandibles (Fig. 3) metallic black with mahogany-reddish teeth; with moderately arcuate margins, subsymmetrical, with terminal tooth in left mandible notably shorter than that in right mandible; second tooth of left mandible shorter than third one, while inner teeth of right mandible of approximately equal size; distinct basolateral portions arcuate, with very sparse indistinct microtrichia.</p> <p>Antennae (Figs 1, 3–4) shorter than body, reaching anteapical elytral angles (when completed), notably pale, scape black dorsally, while ventrally and apically yellow-testaceous; antennomeres 2–4 ivory to yellow-testaceous with darkened apices, antennomeres 5–6 with ivory base, then gradually testaceous-darkened towards brownish apex, remaining antennomeres pale brownish-testaceous.</p> <p>Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 8) elongate, length 1.35 mm, width 0.85 mm; anterior lobe narrower then posterior one, irregularly rugulose and with coarse, irregularly transverse ridges; disc oblong, lateral margins only moderately arcuate; notopleural sutures invisible from above; sculpture of discal surface consisting of coarse but rather dense transverse-wavy ridges which are irregularly anastomosing on anterior area, while more continuous, wavy and coarser on median area of posterior discal half, and more irregular and commonly anastomosing on lateral areas; rugae passing over notopleural sutures on proepisterna; median line indistinct, partly merging with surface sculpture; posterior lobe rather finely and irregularly transverse rugulose, its posterior half ochre-testaceous; whole pronotal surface appears glabrous; proepisterna covered with coarse but rather dense ridges (passing from lateral discal areas over notopleural sutures), glabrous; prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum rather sparsely covered with long and short, hairlike setae; mesepisterna with uneven surface and sparse microtrichia; metepisterna nearly glabrous.</p> <p>Elytra elongate, 3.30 mm long, humeri arcuate, then obliquely sloped towards posterior pronotal suture; outer margins subparallel with slightly arched dilatation above the middle and slightly dilated towards rather distinct anteapical convexity; apex arcuate and shallowly emarginated towards small sutural spine; surface moderately convex, basodiscal convexity and discal impression rather distinct, coarsely punctate throughout, punctures notably large and deep with shiny intervals, often anastomosing with declined lateral intervals, often forming irregularly elongate caverns; setal vesture regular, microsetae confined to punctures, very short and therefore barely visible and easily abraded to the measure that particularly posterior elytral third appears glabrous.</p> <p>Abdomen. Ventrites black, except for last ventrite and pleurite which are testaceous, their surface rather sparse- ly covered with short, whitish microtrichia.</p> <p>Legs (Fig. 1). Coxae black, trochanters testaceous; profemora voluminous, black, except for yellow base; meso- and metafemora with basal third yellow, remaining portion black and subclavate-dilated towards constricted apex; basal quarter or third of all tibiae yellow; tarsi brownish to black-brown, claws testaceous; setal vesture of legs inconspicuous: femora glabrous, tibiae and tarsi covered with usual, rather dense microsetae.</p> <p>Aedeagus (Fig. 5) abruptly boomerang-bent above middle, length 1.10 mm, width 0.20 mm, apical portion rather wide, notably dilated in the dorsal angle, conical-constricted towards blunt apex which is ventrally arcuate, dorsally very slightly emarginate, thus slightly directed dorsad; in its dorsal (and ventral) aspect the apical portion appears gradually conical-constricted towards blunt apex.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and habitat</b> (Figs 9–10, 14). Known only from the male holotype caught by the second author in the dense, dry deciduous forest of the Ankarafantsika National Park (previously known as Ampijoroa Forest Station, see Viette 1991) near Marovoay, northwestern Madagascar (Ambato Boeni Region, district of Mahajanga). The only male was caught along the tracking path “Tour du Lac” in a margin between primary and secondary forest when running along a surface of an almost horizontal fallen twig of about 10 cm in diameter (Fig. 9, bottom). No other adult was observed in the area despite an intense search. Unfortunately, due to serious bushfires which have recently afflicted some of the Madagascan protected areas, including the Ankarafantsika National Park (see Bezain 2021, Vyawahare 2020), the chance of finding other adults of the new species appears even more improbable.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Derived from Latin <i>signo</i> [<i>signum</i>] = marked, referring to the markedly bicoloured femora of the new species.</p>Published as part of <i>Moravec, Jiří & Trýzna, Miloš, 2021, New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 24. Pogonostoma (Microgeniatum) signifemorale sp. nov. with revised key to species of the subgenus Microgeniatum Rivalier (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 524-534 in Zootaxa 5081 (4)</i> on pages 527-532, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5081.4.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5778843">http://zenodo.org/record/5778843</a>
Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali Moravec & Vybíral 2020, sp. nov.
No full textPogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov. (Figs 1–29, 104) Type locality. Southwestern Madagascar (Ihorombe Region): sclerophylous woodland area with Tapia trees (Uapaca boeri Baill) in the Isalo National Park near Ranohira. Type material. Holotype ♁ in SDEI, labelled: “ Madagascar SW: Isalo N.P / S22°33´07´´; E45°24´49.5´´ / 825 m, 11-I. 2010 / leg. Jan Vybíral ” [printed]. Allotype ♀ in CJVB with the same locality label except for: “ 4.I.2017 / leg. Jan & Ondřej Vybíral”. Paratypes. 1 ♁, 6 ♀♀ in CJVB with same locality label as in holotype. 7 ♁♁, 22 ♀♀ in CJVB, 1 ♁ in MNHN, 1 ♀ in SDEI, 1 ♀ in MFNB, 1 ♀ in BMNH, 2 ♁♁, 5 ♀♀ in CCJM with same locality label as in allotype. 4 ♁♁, 4 ♀♀ in MSCB with same labels as in allotype except for “leg. Miroslav Svoboda ”. 1 ♀ in CMTD, 2 ♁♁ in CJVB: “ Madagascar, 2007 / Isalo Nat. Park, camp / Namaza, near Ranohira / M. Trýzna leg., 17-18.I.” [printed]. 1 ♁ in ZUAC, 2 ♁♁, 1 ♀ in MHCW: “near Ranohira, Isalo N. P., / Iforombe Reg. / Madagascar / Dec. 9, 2017, Michio Hori & / Elysé Razanajaonarivalona leg.” [printed]. All type specimens labelled: “ Holotype (Allotype or Paratype respectively) / Pogonostoma (s. str.) / ondravybirali sp. nov. / det. Jiří Moravec / & Jan Vybíral 2020”. [red, printed]. Other material examined. 2 ♁♁ in CJVB: “ Madagascar SW / Zombitse N.P., 6.I.2017 / leg. Jan & Ondřej Vybíral”. Differential diagnosis. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov. is placed here in the P. (P.) alluaudi species-complex within the rather large P. (P.) elegans species-group (sensu Moravec 2007). P. (P.) atrorotundatum W. Horn, 1934 (treated below) shares the punctate-setose posterior pronotal lobe with the new species but is clearly differentiated by notably larger punctures on its elytral surface (Figs 41–49), and its pronotal disc is covered with more anastomosing tubercles forming short or more elongate and continuous transverse rugae on wide median discal area (Figs 50–54); moreover the aedeagus in (P.) atrorotundatum has notably elongated and ventrad-bent apex (in its left lateral aspect, Figs 55–66). Other two rather similar species of the complex are P. (P.) natsuae Moravec, Razanajaonarivalona & Hori 2020 and P. (P.) meridionale Fleutiaux, 1899. Both share a comparatively fine elytral punctation with the new species, but differ in having their posterior pronotal lobe glabrous and aedeagus apex of a different shape (see Moravec et al. (2020). In addition, P. (P.) meridionale possesses notably more irregular elytral punctation and conspicuously ferrugineous (rusty) setosity. P. (P.) rivalieri Moravec, 2005 possesses a similar (though rather straighter) aedeagus apex, but principally differs from the new species in having outer pronotal margins subparallel to parallel (particularly in male) and posterior pronotal lobe glabrous. P. (P.) praetervisum Moravec, 2005 has its aedeagus (in its lateral view) somewhat similar to the new species, but clearly differs in having its elytral punctation much coarser (similar to that of P. (P.) atrorotundatum) and its pronotal disc covered with rather fine and shallow transverse rugae (see Moravec 2005, 2007). The leading representative of the P. (P.) alluaudi species-complex, P. alluaudi W. Horn, 1898, differs from the new species in having coarser elytral punctation, and immediately in its black-blue to violaceous-blue body. The labrum possesses a rather similar shape (including usual variability) in all species of the P. (P.) alluaudi species-complex, except for the number of anterior setae (but their number may vary in some specimens and the setae may be easily abraded). Description. Body (Figs 1–2) medium-sized, 9.50–11.0 (HT 10.5, AT 10.9) mm long, 2.40–2.90 (HT 2.65, AT 2.90) mm wide, pitchy-black. Head (Fig 10) notably narrower than body, width 2.00– 2.15 mm; temples short (approximately 2.6–2.8 times shorter than eyes). Frons merging with clypeus in middle and not differentiated from vertex, flat or moderately convex; supraantennal keels sometimes merging with surface sculpture, usually consisting of moderately elevated posterior crest forming semi-ovoid apex of supraantennal plate; surface very irregularly scabrous. Vertex moderately convex in middle with faint posteromedian impression, surface rather coarsely and very ir-regularly scabriculous-cristulate, posterior and occipital area covered with somewhat finer, irregularly vermicular or wavy, short crests, passing to irregular and coarsely scabrous sculpture on temples; dorsal surface of head covered with erect, very short, whitish, or partly pale straw-yellow hairlike setae which are better obvious in lateral view. Genae rather finely and shallowly striate, striae coarser and more irregular on postgenal and juxtaorbital area while basal area almost smooth and with few semierect, easily abraded whitish setae. Clypeus pitchy-black, rough coriaceous to irregularly scabriculous, covered with scattered whitish, mostly short setae. Labrum primarily 8-setose, rarely 7-setose (with 5–6 anterior and 2 lateral, ochre to ochre-brown setae); surface black, with only moderate central convexity, rough-coriaceous, glabrous (except for occasional setae passing from clypeus); lateral margins moderately arcuate towards indistinct lateral indentations with deep setigerous puncture, sexually dimorphic; male labrum (Figs 6–7) short, 0.60–0.65 mm long, 1.05–1.25 mm wide, anterolateral teeth variably rounded or subacute or else flattened, anterior margin truncate or shallowly emarginate, irregularly dentate, the teeth usually partly or entirely effaced; female labrum (Fig. 8) notably prolonged anteriad, mostly almost semicircular due to almost arcuate anterolateral margins towards small almost right-angled subacute anterolateral teeth and rather narrow, truncate and irregularly dentate anterior margin; length 0.75–0.80 mm, width 1.10–1.30 mm. Maxillae (Fig. 5): galea black, usually with depigmented median orifice and tip of basal (longest) galeomere and with brownish tip of the terminal palpomere; lacinia with apical portion moderately to more distinctly spatulatedilated, 0.30–0.33 mm wide, black with brownish, rarely reddish-brown faint tinge and with brownish or rusty setae mixed with whitish hairlike setae. Palpi (Fig. 10). Both maxillary and labial palpi elongate (of usual length and shape), black, except for cinnamon-brown apical half of terminal palpomeres, with long, black-brown setae with mahogany to violet tinge; surface of maxillary palpi covered with scattered, short whitish or greyish microtrichia; longest palpomeres of labial palpi with bumpy surface and depigmented apices. Mandibles (Figs 34) mahogany-brown, teeth usually paler, with rather short terminal teeth; sexually dimorphic in shape: male mandibles (Fig. 4) subsymmetrical (apart from the universally longer terminal tooth in right mandible) with second tooth in both mandibles notably smaller than third tooth; female mandibles (Fig. 3) with inner teeth of right mandible longer and almost of the same size; convex basolateral portions black-brown with short, scattered greyish-white setae Antennae (Figs 1–2, 10) black, in male as long as body or slightly longer, in female somewhat shorter; scape with one or two long, yellow-brown subapical (easily abraded) setae, surface covered with indistinct whitish microsetae; antennomeres 2–4 with scattered whitish microsetae, 5–11 with usual micro-pubescence. Thorax: pronotum (Figs 17–20) elongate, 2.35–2.70 mm long, 1.55–1.80 mm wide; anterior lobe slightly or more notably narrower than posterior lobe, its surface rather coarsely and irregularly scabrous-rugulose with scattered umbilicate tubercles bearing whitish hairlike setae; pronotal disc in male (Figs 17, 19) with moderately convex, lateral margins (ellipsoidal); in lateral view subgibbose (Fig. 20) in female subglobose (Fig. 18); notopleural sutures invisible from above; median line indistinct, partly merging with irregular surface sculpture consisting of rather coarse tubercles which are mostly isolated and umbilicate, particularly on lateral areas, while those on median area are occasionally or more commonly transversely connected into very short, transverse crests; shiny posteromedian area adjacent to posterior lobe covered with fine and shallow, mostly transverse stria-like rugae; whole discal surface covered with scattered, short, decumbent or erect, whitish to pale straw-yellow hairlike setae mostly arising from setigerous pits of the umbilicate tubercles (setae easily abraded and usually barely obvious on median area in dorsal view, but better recognizable in lateral view (Fig. 20); posterior lobe shiny, sparsely irregularly wrinkled and sparsely or rather densely punctate-setose with whitish setae which may appear blackened, particularly on lateral areas; proepisterna (Fig. 20) large, almost smooth and shiny, with only sparse and fine setigerous punctures and short parallel-wrinkles on juxtanotopleural area; mesepisterna shiny, with occasional setae on ventral area adjacent to mesosternum; mesepimeron deeply impressed; metepisterna notably long, deeply longitudinally impressed, smooth, with very sparse, barely visible whitish microtrichia; prosternum smooth, except for very fine transverse wrinkles, together with mesosternum rather densely covered with long and erect, whitish hairlike setae arising from barely visible setigerous micropunctures; metasternum almost smooth, indistinctly sparsely whitish setose, glabrous in middle. Elytra (Figs 11–16) elongate, 5.50–6.40 mm long, outer margins of elytral base obliquely sloped towards arcu-ate-rounded humeri; lateral margins almost parallel, with only slightly arched bulge in anterior third of the margin in male, and only indistinctly enlarged towards rounded lateral anteapical angles; elytral apices sexually dimorphic: male apex (Figs 11, 13) with mostly acute, almost thorn-like outer tooth, then faintly obliquely sloped towards small, right-angled inner tooth, and with faint sutural emargination towards very small or indistinct sutural spine; female apex (Figs 12, 14) with blunter and right-angled outer tooth and with right-angled but notably large inner tooth and deep (but narrow) excision towards indistinct sutural spine; elytral surface convex with moderate basodis-cal convexity delineated by deep (mutually V-shaped) discal impression, punctate throughout, except for effaced narrow basal and anterior basohumeral area; punctures larger and deep on two elytral thirds, large and mostly isolated also on lateral areas, deepest, largest and irregularly anastomosing by lowered lateral intervals on basodiscal convexity and median part of elytral disc, but reduced or partly (never entirely) effaced within the deep discal impression; limited area along sutures is covered with smaller and very irregular punctures; posterior declivity and whole anteapical area covered with smaller and more spaced punctures of a carinate shape, partly with almost aciculate posterior margins of intervals; surface of intervals shiny; setal vesture consisting of nearly erect, copious, moderately long, pale to straw-yellow ornamental setae which are mixed with very sparse, long and erect, whitish hairlike sensory setae, which are longest and numerous on lateral portion of humeri. Abdomen. Ventrites pitchy-black, covered with scattered, short and mostly appressed whitish setae; female ventrite 8 usually paler. Legs pitchy-black; coxae rather densely whitish-setose; profemora covered with rather dense medium-long whitish and darker setae; mesofemora with dense whitish setae on their dorsal surface, much sparser setae on ventral area; metafemora with sparser, brownish and black mostly stiffer setae; protibiae with dense whitish appressed setae and a few longer erect brown setae on ventral area; mesotibiae with blackened setae except for dark ferrugineous, dense setae on their apical area; metatibiae densely covered with mostly black setae; protarsi covered with whitish and darkened setae (and as in all species, first three protarsomeres in male dilated and with dense setose pad); meso-and metatarsi covered with brown and blackened setae; claws rusty or rusty-brown. Aedeagus of almost uniform size, 2.50–2.60 mm long, 0.40 mm wide, in its left lateral aspect (Figs 21, 23, 26, 28) rather distinctly bent in middle, apical portion conically tapered towards rather small, rounded, only very slightly dorsad-bent apex; the aedeagus in its ventral (and dorsal) aspect (Figs 22, 24, 25, 27, 29) is conically attenuated and narrowed into moderately elongated apex. Variability. Apart from the somewhat variable shape of the labrum (particularly in male as obvious in Figs 6–7), the size of the elytral punctures in the new species may slightly vary (but the punctation never consist of so extremely large punctures as in P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) praetervisum, and P. (P.) alluaudi. Likewise, the tubercles on the pronotal surface may be somewhat more anastomosing on the discal median area, but never consisting of transverse rugae as in the above-mentioned species. The aedeagus apex, which is predominantly consistent in shape, may appear shorter due to the state of its apical orifice (as for instance with partly prolapsed internal sac in HT shown in Fig. 21). Etymology. Named after one of the collectors, Ondřej Vybíral (son of the second author of the present paper). Distribution and biology. Pogonostoma (P.) ondravybirali sp. nov. inhabits the sclerophylous woodland area of the Isalo National Park near Ranohira (Southwestern Madagascar, region of Ihorombe). Adults from the type lo-cality were taken from the coarse bark of the fire-resistant trees called Tapia (= Uapaca bojeri Baill). Two examined males were caught on a different kind of tree in the Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park near Sakaraha, situated 90 km southwest from the Isalo massif.Published as part of Moravec, Jiří & Vybíral, Jan, 2020, New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 201-230 in Zootaxa 4881 (2) on pages 205-211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/428353
Candidate endorsement in media under Economia, Ltd. before the Czech presidential election 2013 and 2018
No full textAuthor: Marek Martinovský Thesis name: Candidate endorsement in media under Economia, Ltd. before the Czech presidential election 2013 and 2018 Abstract The subject matter of this thesis is to analyse the phenomenon of media endorsement during the Czech presidential elections of 2013 and 2018 in the Czech media landscape. The sample consists of media outputs of two select media under the Economia publishing house, namely Hospodářské noviny and the Aktuálně.cz news website, 14 days prior to the second round of both elections. The paper discusses various theoretical aspects of newspaper endorsement in - mostly US - media and briefly presents examples in the Czech ones as well. The core of the thesis is a quantitative content analysis via which we can attain the volume of explicit and implicit candidate support in select media, as well as find any correlation with the concrete examples of endorsement in both outlets. The secondary goal of the thesis is to provide data about the previously unmapped terrain of endorsement during the 2018 Czech presidential electio
Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis Moravec 2021, sp. nov.
No full textPhysodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp. nov. (Figs 46–89, 106–107) Type locality. Madagascar Nord: Sambirano, Forest of Lokobe on the island of Nosy Be. Type material. Holotype ♂ in NMPC, labelled: “N Madagascar, Nosy Be isl. / Lokobe Nat. Park, 26.-30.xi., / circuit Mitsinjo, 2019, / S 13°24´21´´; E 48°18´35´´, / 296 m, M. Trýzna leg.”. Allotype ♀ in CJVB with same label data. Paratypes. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in CJVB, 2 ♀♀ in CCJM, 2 ♀♀ in CMTD, 1 ♀ in SDEI, 1 ♀ in NMPC, 1 ♀ in COSJ, 1 ♀ in MHCW with same label data. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in JWCW: “ Madagascar, Nosy Be / Sambirano / forêt de Lokobe, 5.– 9.12.2001, I. Andrew, / V. Dolin & R. Andreeva leg.” [printed]. Differential diagnosis. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp. nov. is generally largest of the four species treated here. It shares the whitish-testaceous (to yellow-testaceous) area on the antennomere 4 (Figs 50–51) with Ph. (T.) dubia, but the antennae are notably longer towards the body length. Moreover, Ph. (T.) dubia differs in having its aedeagus apex more simply and regularly rounded, while the aedeagus apex of Ph. (T.) lokobensis sp. nov. (Figs 64–66) is almost triangular-topped (dorsally obliquely sloped towards small dorsal emargination); the difference is notably obvious when the aedeagus (the same of the holotype) was slightly turned (Fig. 65). The internal sac is rather similar to that in Ph. (T.) conturbata , yet the satellite piece moved on the opposite side of the arciform piece that is straighter in the new species (Figs 67–68). However, Ph. (T.) conturbata possesses the antennomeres 2–4 metallic black, elytra deep cyaneous-violaceous (Figs 19–23), and its aedeagus has shorter, wider, and regularly rounded apex (Figs 8–9). Physodeutera (T.) sulcoprothoracica is immediately distinguished from the new species and from the two species treated above by its elytral disc notably shadowed with diffusing, well noticeable (depending on light-angle) velvety black area which extends towards elytral outer margins. Moreover, its elytral punctation on posterior area of the elytral disc is much finer, almost effaced. The only examined and hitherto known male (CCJM ex APCA) has much shorter and wider apical portion of its aedeagus towards wider and rounded apex; moreover, the internal sac contains stick-like (not arcuate) arciform piece and a well-defined voluminous piece with apical tooth (Figs 100–101). Furthermore, the body of Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica is notably larger, elytral apex in male slightly emarginated towards small sutural spine, antennomere 4 brownish with blackened apical half, its male labrum has notably anteriad-prolonged anteromedian lobe with more distinct teeth, which are even more acute and of almost equal length in female labrum (see illustrations of the relevant characters in the monograph (Moravec 2002a, figs 323–329). Etymology. Named after the Parc National de Lokobe, the type locality of the new species. Description. Body (Figs 46–47, 75–76), medium-sized to large, 9.50–10.8 (HT 9.6) mm long, 2.85–3.30 (HT 2.90, AT 3.20) mm wide, rather uniformly bright green-blue, with only lateral areas violaceous. Head (Figs 48–49, 79; ventrally Fig. 59) with large eyes, almost as wide as body, width 2.90–3.30 mm. Frons metallic deep blue-green, convex, and almost smooth in median juxtaclypeal area, finely longitudinally striate-wrinkled laterally, fluently passing over blunt frons-vertex fold into vertex; supraantennal plates flat, indistinct. Vertex black-cyaneous with deep, transverse anterior impression reaching eyes, anteromedian area very finely irregularly rugulose, median surface behind the transverse impression coarsely and irregularly (mostly longitudinally) striate-rugulose, striae wavy, often irregularly fragmented in centre; posterior and occipital areas irregularly vermicular or zigzag rugulose; large juxtaorbital areas with two or three impressions, covered with denser, irregularly parallel rugae, which are deformed by the impressions; sublateral parallel rugae divergent when running onto temples; posteromedian and occipital areas covered with vermicular or irregularly wavy and fragmented rugae. Genae deep blue with violaceous lustre, finely wrinkled. Clypeus bright or deep metallic green-blue, often with violet lateral margins, surface almost smooth, indistinctly coriaceous-wrinkled. Labrum ivory to ochre-testaceous with metallic black-blue basolateral areas of central convexity (more expanded in female); male labrum rather short, length 1.05–1.10 mm, width 1.20–1.25 mm, lateral margins conically attenuated towards indistinct lateral indentations, and prominent, acute anterolateral teeth; tridentate anteromedian lobe in HT short, subtruncate with right-angled teeth and bluntly indicated median tooth (Fig. 53), but in one male PT (JWCW) prolonged anteriad and with rounded lateral margins (Fig. 81); female labrum (Figs 54–55, 82) almost as long as wide, length 1.25–1.45 mm, width 1.35–1.45 mm; anteriad-prolonged tridentate anteromedian lobe with prominent acute or subacute teeth on either side of protruding medial tooth with obtuse apex. Mandibles (Figs 48–49, 79–80) normally shaped, subsymmetrical, with four teeth and basal molar, reddishbrown with blackened margins and apices of teeth; inner teeth gradually smaller towards basal molar, fourth tooth markedly distant from third tooth. Palpi. Maxillary palpi (Figs 56, 96) ivory-testaceous with terminal palpomere brownish in male, with last two palpomeres brownish in female; labial palpi in male with brown terminal palpomere, their penultimate (longest) palpomere moderately dilated with subparallel lateral margins, ochre-testaceous in male (Figs 57, 97), brownish in female (Figs 58, 98). Antennae (Figs 46–47, 50–52, 75–78) markedly long, almost or entirely reaching anteapical angles of elytra, scape with only apical seta; coloration sexually distinctly dimorphic: male with scape whitish, ivory or ochre-yellow; antennomeres 2–3 metallic black; antennomere 4 black with median area or two basal thirds ivory to ochreyellow, antennomere 5 brownish testaceous, 6–11 brownish, gradually darkened to blackened. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 60–62, 83–84), moderately elongate, length 2.10–2.30 mm, width 1.70–1.85 mm; coloration bright green-blue with violaceous lustre within sulci and on lateral areas, rarely with indistinct bronze lustre in middle; anterior and posterior sulci well pronounced, anterior lobe markedly narrower than posterior lobe and disc; lateral margins of disc convex, usually moderately attenuated anteriad; notopleural sutures almost invisible from above; median line narrow, often partly merging with surface sculpture; surface of disc distinctly but rather shallowly transversely rugulose, rugae irregularly wavy and occasionally anastomosing, coarser on median area, much finer and shallower on sublateral areas, while lateral areas with wider, short, transverse-parallel stria-like rugae; posterior lobe bordered with sharply delineated basal rim, dorsolateral bulges distinctly pulvinate, fluently passing to irregularly and shallowly wrinkled median area; proepisterna variably bright green-blue, deep blue or violet-blue, finely but rather distinctly parallel striate (striae passing over notopleural sutures from lateral margins of pronotal disc); mesepisterna shiny deep blue green with strong violaceous lustre, their surface finely coriaceousasperate in male, mostly nearly smooth in female, female mesepisternal coupling sulci in form of deep longitudinal furrow, which is deeper dorsally, and with variably recognizable, indistinct, rarely more distinct but shallow medioventral pit; metepisterna bright blue-green with chatoyant violet lustre, surface finely asperate; ventral sterna (Fig. 63): iridescent green-blue with violet lustre, prosternum finely transverse striate, mesosternum irregularly wrinkled, metasternum smooth very shallowly wrinkled along middle. Elytra (Figs 69–73, 86–89) elongate, 5.50–6.30 mm long; humeral impressions short yet deep, basodiscal convexity and discal impression distinct, the elytral disc becomes distinctly convex below the impression; apical impressions moderate; outer lateral margins slightly dilated above the middle and usually very slightly at arcuate anteapical angles (more often so in female), apices almost subacute in male, rounded in female, mostly without emargination towards indistinct blunt sutural spine; surface punctate throughout, punctures coarser on anterior elytral third, few largest punctures within humeral impressions and on basodiscal convexity, occasionally anastomosing in chains; posterior half of elytral disc and posterior declivity with much finer and spaced punctures; elytral coloration rather bright green-blue, (in some females and the male (JWCW) with violet lustre); central-discal area sometimes with indistinct shade; surface glabrous except for usual, few sensory setae scattered mostly on basodiscal convexity and sparse, short white setae scattered along juxtaepipleural area; elytral maculation consisting of large, whitish or ivory yellow humeral macula in male; female elytra entirely immaculate. Abdomen (Fig. 63). Ventrites metallic black-blue, with strong green-blue lustre. Legs sexually dimorphic in coloration; male pro- and mesocoxae ivory to pale ochre with testaceous apices, glabrous except for easily abraded subapical seta, metacoxae metallic green-blue and testaceous apices; female coxae metallic black-blue with greenish lustre; trochanters ivory-yellow; male profemora distinctly bicoloured, blackbrown dorsally, yellow-ochre to ochre-testaceous ventrally and on subapical dorsal area; mesofemora with yellowtestaceous ventral area less expanded and with testaceous subapical spot; metafemora black with testaceous base. Female legs much darker, femora almost entirely black, profemora sometimes with testaceous subapical spot. Aedeagus (Figs 64–66) elongate, length 2.30–2.40 mm, width 0.40–0.50 mm, almost straight, only moderately dilated in middle (except for more voluminous, 0.55 mm wide aedeagus of the aberrant male in JWCW, Fig. 85); apical portion of ventral margin slightly directed ventrad, dorsally conically attenuated towards apex, which is rounded but almost triangular-topped (ventrally moderately arcuate and dorsally obliquely sloped towards indistinct emargination); the difference from other species treated here is notably obvious when the aedeagus (the same of the holotype) was slightly turned (Fig. 65); internal sac (Figs 67–68) somewhat similar to that in Ph. (T.) conturbata yet the satellite piece is placed ventrad from almost straight and thinner arciform piece. Variability. The dorsal body coloration varies, some females are prevailingly blue. One female (CCJM) has its labial palpi anomalously ivory-testaceous as in the males. The two previously caught adults (JWCW) (Figs 75–89), have more rounded pronotal disc with finer surface sculpture, and the male has much darker antennomere 4 with only paler, brownish basal half. Unfortunately, the aedeagus apex of the male (JWCW) is broken ventrally (Fig. 85), thus its original shape is not exactly known (its internal sac was not cleared in order to avoid further damage of the aedeagus). Despite the above-mentioned differences, we have considered the two JWCW specimens conspecific and included them, with some hesitation, into the paratype series. Nonetheless, as also the aedeagus (apart from its broken apex) is wider and has somewhat different shape, the two JWCW specimens may represent another undescribed species. Distribution (Fig. 106, 107). Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp. nov. is obviously a very rare species known only from the type locality, the forest of Lokobe on the island of Nosy Be, phytogeographically Sambirano. The primitive evergreen forest is now protected within the Parc National de Lokobe, managed by Madagascar National Parks. The adults caught by the second author in the area of the Mitsinjo Circuit within the national park occurred on larger living trees (> 20 cm in diameter). On sunny days, the adults ran and flew very quickly along the trunk bark of the trees up to four meters above the tree bases, while on the next day, after a heavy overnight rain, they ran and flew rather slowly and only up to two metres above the tree bases. It is interesting that the twelve type specimens were caught by the second author in the forest of Lokobe 20 years after the discovery of the male and female (JWCW). The new species inhabits the forest of Lokobe sympatrically with Physodeutera (Axinomera) rectipenis (W. Horn, 1934), yet adults of the latter forage on boulders scattered on the forest bed along a semidried brook. As in other species of the genus, developmental stages are unknown. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lobicornis nosybensis Moravec, 2000 also occurs in Nosy Be but not in the forest of Lokobe; it was described from a degraded forest near Ambatozavavy (also spelled “Ambatozavary” in maps), situated at the Ambatozavavy Bay, northeast of the Parc National de Lokobe (see Moravec 2000, 2002a). Also recently caught specimens come only from the area of Ambatozavavy (Michio Hori, pers. com.).Published as part of Moravec, Jiří & Trýzna, Miloš, 2021, New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 151-182 in Zootaxa 5060 (2) on pages 164-173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/562721
Pogonostoma (Bathypogonum) horimichioi Razanajaonarivalona & Moravec & Rakotomanana 2021, sp. nov.
No full textPogonostoma (Bathypogonum) horimichioi sp. nov. (Figs 1–25, 45) Type locality. West Madagascar: Mahajanga Province, region of Melaky, National Park of Tsingy de Bemaraha, 17–18 km north of Bekopaka, a dry deciduous forest of Andamozavaky near Antsalova. Type material. Holotype ♁ in OSAKA, labelled: “ Madagascar W, Bemaraha N.P. / 17–18 km N of Bekopaka, Forest / Andamozavaky (near Antsalova) / 9.XII.2013, leg. Michio Hori & / Elysé H. Razanajaonarivalona ” [printed]. Allotype ♀ in CCJM with same locality label except for: “ 4.XII.2014 ”. Paratypes. 1 ♁ in SDEI, 1 ♁ in MHCW, 1 ♁ in ZUAC with same locality label as allotype. 1 ♀ in MHCW: “ Madagascar W, Bemaraha N.P. / Andranopasazy Forest, 10 km / SE of Antsalova, 7.XII.2014, / leg. Michio Hori & / Elysé H. Razanajaonarivalona ”. All type specimens labelled: “ Holotype (Allotype or Paratype respectively) / Pogonostoma (Bathypogonum) / horimichioi sp. nov. / det. Elysé H. / Razanajaonarivalona / & Jiří Moravec 2020” [red, printed]. Differential diagnosis. Despite the same unique shape of the aedeagus in its lateral view (Figs 22–23), characteristic of the subgenus Bathypogonum, as well as similar shape of elytral apices, the new species is immediately distinguished from the two other taxa of the subgenus by its black, matt coloration on dorsal body surfaces and particularly by the bumpy, irregularly, verruculose-rugulose surface of its subglobose pronotal disc (Fig. 20). In contrast, both above-mentioned subspecies of P. (Bathypogonum) levigatum clearly differ in having larger body which is dorsally notably metallic coloured, deep violaceous-blue to shiny green blue, and their pronotal disc is markedly shiny, due to very shallow, partly effaced transverse rugae; for other differentiating characters see “Differential diagnoses” for these two taxa below. Pogonostoma (Neopogonum) comptum Rivalier, 1970, and P. (Neopogonum) perrieri Fairmaire, 1900, may resemble the new species due to their black body coloration,but both are clearly distinguished by their microtuberculate sculpture on their pronotal disc, consisting of minute isodiametric tubercles, which are isolated and occasionally arranged in chains in middle. Moreover, all species of the subgenus Neopogonum possess very different aedeagi, all of which are quite dissimilar to the unique shape of the aedeagus in the subgenus Bathypogonum. Description. Body (Figs 1–3) medium-sized to large and rather robust (wider in female), 14.3–16.1 (HT 14.4, AT 15.2) mm long, 3.40–3.90 (HT 3.60, AT 3.80) mm wide, entirely black, matt, setal vesture whitish to cinnamontinged setae on pronotal posterior lobe may appear blackened. Head (Fig. 4, 12) narrower than body (more distinctly in female), width 2.60–3.15 mm; temples moderately arcuate, notably long, only 1.2–1.4 times shorter than eyes. Frons differentiated from clypeus laterally, merging with it in middle and not differentiated from vertex; supraantennal keels consisting of distinctly elevated anterior crest and blunt posterior one; median frons-vertex area fluently passing into vertex. Vertex almost flat in middle with shallow or deeper posterior impression; whole frons-vertex surface very finely and densely scabriculous-verruculose to finely colliculate, consisting of short and very irregular and indistinctly vermicular rugae partly anastomosing into fine, chains, partly forming barely defined fine sculpture; rugae slightly coarser and more anastomosing on temples; whole dorsal surface of head densely (fur-like) covered with decumbent and short, whitish to slightly cinnamon-tinged setae which are more obvious and mostly erected on temporal areas, irregularly mixed with longer, scattered hairlike setae. Genae finely and shallowly wrinkled on anterior and juxtaorbital areas, coarser and scabriculous on postgenal area (sculpture passing from temples); ventral area covered with rather sparse, whitish hairlike setae. Clypeus convex in middle when merging with frons (differentiated from frons only laterally); surface rather densely covered with irregular, short and fine rugae and short or longer whitish setae. Labrum with 5–7 anterior and 2 lateral testaceous to pale reddish-brown setae, metallic black, teeth and sometimes lateral margins with reddish-brown tinge; surface glabrous, or with occasional seta mostly on basal area, smooth on lateral areas, while coriaceous-wrinkled on central convexity which is laterally markedly outlined by deep furrows that are interrupted or almost connected anteriorly; male labrum (Figs 9–10) 1.25–1.40 mm long, 1.70–1.80 mm wide; lateral margins rounded towards indistinct or almost effaced lateral indentations; anterior margin sinuate, indicating or forming two rounded anterior teeth between two well-developed, blunt anterolateral teeth; female labrum (Fig. 11) longer, notably prolonged anteriad, length 1.60–1.85 mm, width 1.90–2.00 mm, two anterior teeth large, rounded, distinctly surpassing blunt anterolateral teeth. Maxillae (Fig. 13): galea slim and long, black; lacinia metallic black-brown to reddish brown with shiny surface, apical portion distinctly dilated (0.70–0.80 mm wide), convex outwards and distinctly elongate-recurved inwards; setae ochre-testaceous to reddish-brown, long and stiff, sparsely mixed with feebler whitish ones. Palpi (Figs 4–5, 12) of usual length, black; maxillary palpi with terminal palpomeres brownish on their apex and with slightly emarginate margin of upper orifice in male, while of almost regular shape in female; penultimate palpomeres densely covered with whitish and darkened microtrichia and few long, black and stiff setae, longest palpomeres slender, slightly dilated anteriad, metallic black with indistinct blue lustre, with row of several, long and stiff black setae and dense whitish microtrichia; labial palpi (Fig. 5) slender, their penultimate (longest) palpomeres bearing long, densely aggregated black setae, terminal palpomeres of regular shape in both sexes. Mandibles (Figs 6–8) dark mahogany to reddish-brown with metallic black basolateral and lateromedian area, comparatively short, subsymmetrical (left terminal tooth slightly shorter than right one), left male mandible with second tooth shorter than third one, while the second tooth is slightly longer than third one in right mandible, or the inner teeth are of almost similar size; female mandibles with left mandible with almost equally sized inner teeth, but they are usually less spaced in left mandible. Antennae in male as long as body, somewhat shorter in female; antennomeres 1–4 metallic-black, densely covered with whitish microtrichia, scape voluminous with one apical seta and scattered microtrichia; antennomeres 5–11 black-brown becoming gradually paler towards terminal antennomere, covered with greyish-white micropubescence. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 19–21) distinctly longer than wide, length 3.10–3.40 mm, width 2.15–2.45 mm; anterior lobe slightly narrower than posterior one, surface very irregularly foveolate-scabriculous; disc subglobose, lateral margins slightly attenuated posteriad; notopleural sutures invisible in dorsal view in male, while they are rather distinctly obvious in female (except for discal anterior third); median line thin, usually partly merging with surface sculpture; discal surface densely, rather shallowly and irregularly bumpy, forming extremely irregular, verruculoserugulose to colliculate-verruculose, barely defined sculpture (Fig. 20) consisting of irregularly anastomosing, short, very irregularly elongated rugae mixed with small and tiny, irregularly shaped (never isodiametric) warts which are occasionally indistinctly umbilicate; area adjacent to posterior lobe covered with transverse, often interrupted stria-like rugae; whole surface of anterior lobe and disc rather densely covered with whitish or straw-yellow setae which are longer on lateral areas; posterior lobe smooth laterally, wide median area shallowly irregularly wrinkled and sometimes with shallow irregular foveae, with scattered, barely visible and partly blackened setae in males, while almost glabrous with only occasional seta in females (setae easily abraded); prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum black, covered with whitish hairlike setae which are long and erect on median areas; proepisterna black, surface shiny-coriaceous, appearing glabrous but in fact with sparse, very feeble and barely visible erect hairlike setae; mesepisterna smooth and shiny, in both sexes with median furrow which is shallow in male but deeper and fovea-like in female (probably coupling sulcus), covered with few long hairlike setae mostly on ventral area; metepisterna with scattered short, whitish setae. Elytra (Figs 14–18) elongate, 8.30–9.50 mm long, black and appearing matt, surface moderately convex, basodiscal convexity distinct, discal impression rather deep, V-shaped (usually shallower and less distinct in male); upper outer margins of elytral base obliquely sloped towards arcuately rounded humeri; lateral margins almost parallel in male (except for slightly arched bulge in anterior third of the outer margin), moderately enlarged posteriad in female; angles of anteapical convexity arcuate; apices sexually dimorphic: apex in male (Figs 14, 16) with wide, deep sutural emargination towards indistinct, right-angled sutural spine, forming together with arcuate outer margin mesially pointed median tooth; apex in female (Figs 15, 17) with deeper and arcuate sutural emargination, mesially forming large, subacute inner tooth with its outer margin obliquely sloped towards smaller, right-angled external tooth; dorsal elytral surface appearing matt due to bumpy intervals between punctures, rather densely punctate throughout (except for more or less shallower or partly effaced punctures on very limited area on elytral base); punctures mostly isolated, isodiametric, but their margins often irregularly radiate-uneven, notably larger on basodiscal convexity and whole anterior elytral third, occasionally and irregularly catenulate-anastomosing, particularly within and behind discal impression; punctures on posterior elytral third becoming smaller and of very irregular arrangement, but apical area is indefinitely sculptured by larger but shallow, almost fovea-like irregular punctures; intervals between punctures thin or wider, covered with minute, setigerous microtubercles bearing short, decumbent whitish to cinnamon-coloured ornamental setae which are dense and appressed on elytral disc (irregular setal vesture, setae not confined to punctures); long, erect, whitish hairlike sensory setae are scattered mostly on anteapical convexity and are more copiously on humeral areas. Abdomen. Ventrites black, densely covered with short, blonde setae. Legs. All leg segments entirely pitchy-black, rather densely covered with semierect and appressed setae (appearing blackish but proved to be whitish or blonde when observed on black background) and black thorns; hooks reddish-brown. Aedeagus shaped as in the two subspecies of P. (B.) levigatum; it is robust and straight, 3.40–3.50 mm long, 0.90 mm wide, in lateral view apically constricted into narrow, cylindric, rounded or slightly capitate apex (Figs 22–23) which is narrower in dorsal (and ventral) view (Figs 24–25). Variability. Only unimportant variability which is treated in the description above and obvious from the illustrations. Etymology. Dedicated to the renowned Japanese entomologist and ecologist Prof. Michio Hori (Kyoto University, Japan), who, together with the first author of this paper discovered the new species during their field research in the Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park. Distribution and biology. Pogonostoma (Bathypogonum) horimichioi sp. nov. is probably a rare species. It is known only from the type specimens taken in two localities covered with the dry western deciduous forest of the Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park, both situated near Antsalova (administratively Melaky Region of the large province of Mahajanga). The type locality is a forest of Andamozavaky, 17–18 km north of Bekopaka (S19°01´15.8´´, E44°46´11.9´´). Two paratypes come from a forest of Andranopasazy, 10 km southwest of Antsalova. The biotope of these two places is a moist valley with many boulders and rocks of eroded karstic limestone, in the dry deciduous forest of the Bemaraha plateau. The adults are diurnal, hunting on bark of various trees. The forests of Andamozavaky and Andranopasazy are also places of occurrence of a rare tiger beetle Physodeutera (Axinomera) horimichioi Moravec & Razanajaonarivalona, 2015. Another very rare tiger beetle Paraphysodeutera naviauxi Moravec, 2002 was recently rediscovered in the forest of Andranopasazy (see Moravec & Razanajaonarivalona 2015). The type locality of Paraphysodeutera naviauxi is “Antsalova” and it must be noted here that the area had been under an intense research conducted by the late scientist André Peyrieras (Antananarivo). Among a great number of tiger beetles with such locality label “Antsalova”, Physodeutera (Axinomera) antsalovensis Moravec, 2002, Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) atrorotundatum W. Horn, 1934, P. (P.) majunganum Jeannel, 1946 and P. (Polypogonostoma) vestitum Fairmaire, 1900 are worth mentioning (see Moravec 2002a, 2002b, 2007, 2010 and Moravec et al. 2020).Published as part of Razanajaonarivalona, Elysé Hugo, Moravec, Jiří & Rakotomanana, Hajanirina, 2021, New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 20. Pogonostoma (Bathypogonum) horimichioi sp. nov. and supplemented characters of P. (B) levigatum levigatum (W. Horn) and P. (B.) levigatum lucens Rivalier (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), pp. 245-262 in Zootaxa 4926 (2) on pages 248-254, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4926.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/450613
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