1,721,421 research outputs found

    Lower Jurassic radiolarians from the Mt. Camicia - Gran Sasso (Central Apennines, Italy)

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    7th International Congress on the Jurassic System. September 6-18, 2006, KRAKÓW, Poland

    Reuse of wastewater for industrial needs: the Pontedera case

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    This paper presents result from an economic and technical point of view evaluation study, which has sought to establish the potential for replacing well-water that is currently used at the Piaggio industrial plant in Pontedera with recycled wastewater. The study is based upon a pilot wastewater treatment plant, which has been used to test wastewater treatment processes and to compare with achieved quality of recycled waters with that of water drawn on-site from physical/chemical pre-treatment and end with a reverse osmosis and air stripping stage. However, after the physical/chemical pre-treatment, the first option uses oxidation with ozone followed by activated carbon filtration, whereas the second method uses ultrafiltration. The first method is more effective at reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) whereas the second method is more effective in removing bacteria. Nonetheless, both methods deliver water for re-use of a quality comparable with or better than that of well-water. In principle, the reverse osmosis permeate from either process could be re-used in all production phases at the industrial plant. However, the method base upon oxidation with ozone followed by activated carbon filtration is preferred, because, the process is simpler and continuous. The economic analysis of this process gives an estimated cost of Euro 0.55 per m(3) for treated water. This compares favorably with other treatment processes and with the cost of other forms of water supply, which are projected to increase in any case. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

    Co2(CO)8-promoted Dihydrogen Activations under Unusually Mild Conditions by Highly Polarizing Co2+ Cations

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    The reaction between Co2(CO) 8 and CoX2 (X = C1, I, O2CC2H5) in THF involves in a P(CO)-dependent disproportionation of the neutral carbonyl: 3 2Co2(CO) 8 + CoX2 ⇆ 2[Co(CO) 4]- + 2[CoX]+ + 4CO For X- = I-, a stable CoII, Co-I homonuclear ion-pair (HNIP) is the only product at room temperature, while for X- = C1- and O2CC2H5- is also formed. For X = C1- or O2CC2H5- the solutions obtained activate dihydrogen under unusually mild conditions; highly polarizing Co2+ cations, insufficiently stabilized by [Co(CO)]- and the X ligand, are suggested to be the active species in this activation. This picture would also account for the catalytic effect of small amounts of pyridine on the formation of HCo(CO) 4 from Co2(CO)8 and dihydrogen in toluene
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