1,721,161 research outputs found
Le sotto-categorie dei concetti astratti: uno studio empirico
No full textTo explain how abstract concepts, like “truth”, are represented is pivotal for embodied and grounded theories, according to which concepts are grounded in sensorimotor system. An important novelty in recent literature is the recognition that abstract concepts are not a unitary whole, but there might exist sub-kinds of abstract concepts, that are differently represented. Some studies have started to explore the differences between abstract concepts, such as mathematical, emotional, institutional and social concepts. However, an accurate classification has not yet been provided. The aim of our work is to identify fine-grained differences between abstract concepts. We selected 425 abstract words and classified them into preexisting and new categories of concepts: mathematical and logic, social, linguistics, institutional, temporal, spatial, mental states, characteristics of the self, events, pure abstract, imaginary, knowledge areas, cognitive processes, bodily states and physical. A sample of 240 participants rated words on a 7-points Likert-type scale on various dimensions. Aside classical dimensions, like concreteness, abstractness, and imageability, we considered novel dimensions highlighted by recent studies: age and modality of acquisition (perceptual vs linguistic); valence (positive and negative); social dimension; Body-object interaction; perceptual modality and interoception. Preliminary results highlighted a distinction between two macro-kinds of concepts, characterized by a different level of grounding. “Emotions” and “Bodily states” obtained higher BOI and interoception ratings than other categories. “Institutional concepts” and “Knowledge domains” were judged with higher MoA, i.e. mostly linguistically acquired. Our results suggest that differences in concepts kinds thus do not depend only on content but also on mechanisms like interoception and language activation
Corrigendum: The Body Odor Disgust Scale (BODS): Development and validation of a novel olfactory disgust assessment [Chem. Senses, (2016) (1-10)] doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjw107
No full textIn "The Body Odor Disgust Scale (BODS): Development and Validation of a Novel Olfactory Disgust Assessment" by Marco Tullio Liuzza et al., the sentence in section "Confirmatory factor analysis", "One hundred sixty-eight participants (49.6%) defined themselves as female." should be "One hundred twenty-eight participants (49.6%) defined themselves as female.". This has been corrected in print and online. The author regrets this error
Body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with xenophobia in nine countries across five continents: A preregistered study”. Simposio “Clinical and Social implications od Disgust Sensitivity
No full textBody odor disgust sensitivity is associated with xenophobia in nine countries across five continents: A preregistered study
No full textBody odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) reflects a behavioral disposition to avoid pathogens, and it may also involve social attitudes. Among participants in the USA, high levels of BODS were associated with stronger xenophobia towards a fictitious refugee group. To test the generalizability of this finding, we analyzed data from 9 countries across five continents (N = 6836). Using structural equation modeling, we found support for our preregistered hypotheses: higher BODS levels were associated with more xenophobic attitudes; this relationship was partially explained by perceived dissimilarities of the refugees’ norms regarding hygiene and food preparation, and general attitudes toward immigration. Our results support a theoretical notion of how pathogen avoidance is associated with social attitudes: “traditional norms” often involve behaviors that limit inter-group contact, social mobility, and situations that might lead to pathogen exposure. Our results also indicate that the positive relationship between BODS and xenophobia is robust across cultures
Exposure to disgusting smells increases belief in conspiracy theories. A preregistered study
No full textIn a previous correlational study, we found that disgust sensitivity predicts conspiratorial thinking and that this relationship is mediated by the tendency to use a shortcut thinking style. These results may support the notion that reliance on emotions evolved to avoid pathogen threats may increase dependence on cognitive heuristics, including beliefs in conspiracy theories (CTs). However, these results were obtained from a cross-sectional study, and causal inferences are unwarranted. The aim of our proposed study is to experimentally manipulate disgust by exposing participants to disgusting vs. non-disgusting odors. Participants will be asked to endorse fictive and politically neutral CTs and solve puzzles that involve cognitive reflection. We expect that participants exposed to disgusting smells will display higher levels of endorsement of CTs and that this effect will be mediated by their accuracy in using cognitive reflection
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