37 research outputs found
How mood influences native and non-native language processing. Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence
No full textWydział AnglistykiŻycie nigdy nie jest doświadczeniem neutralnym (Izard 2007). Nastrój (tj. ogólny stan afektywny) dyskretnie, ale znacząco wpływa na nasze procesy poznawcze, w tym na rozumienie języka (zobacz przegląd badań Naranowicz 2022). Wiele badań naukowych wykazało, że pozytywny nastrój można powiązać z myśleniem asymilacyjnym i opartym na heurystyce, a nastrój negatywny z myśleniem akomodacyjnym i zorientowanym na szczegóły (zobacz przegląd badań Forgas 2017). Co uderzające, podczas gdy coraz większą uwagę w badaniach poświęca się mechanizmom poznawczym zaangażowanym w rozumienie języka ojczystego (L1), niewiele wiadomo o tym, czy i jak pozytywny i negatywny nastrój wpływają na rozumienie języka obcego (L2; Kissler i Bromberek-Dyzman 2021). Można jednak przewidzieć, że nastrój pozytywny i negatywny mogą w różny sposób oddziaływać na rozumienie L1 i L2, biorąc pod uwagę, że coraz więcej dowodów wskazuje na to, że osoby dwujęzyczne doświadczają zmniejszonej wrażliwości na treści emocjonalne w L2 (zobacz przegląd badań Jończyk 2016), a także zwiększonej aktywacji ukrytych mechanizmów regulacji emocji w L2 niż L1 (Morawetz et al. 2017).
Aby wypełnić tę lukę badawczą, niniejszy projekt doktorski miał na celu zbadanie, czy i jak pozytywny i negatywny nastrój wpływają na behawioralne i elektrofizjologiczne reakcje w L1 i L2, zwracając szczególną uwagę na mechanizmy poznawcze zaangażowane w rozumienie języka. Aby odpowiedzieć na to pytanie badawcze, przeprowadzono jeden eksperyment behawioralny (Artykuł naukowy 1, Naranowicz et al. 2022a) i dwa eksperymenty elektrofizjologiczne (Artykuł naukowy 2, Naranowicz et al. 2022b; Artykuł naukowy 3, Jankowiak et al. 2022), uzupełnione przez krytyczny przegląd literatury (Artykuł naukowy 4, Naranowicz 2022). We wszystkich trzech eksperymentach polsko-angielskie osoby dwujęzyczne były wprowadzane w pozytywny i negatywny nastrój za pomocą nienarracyjnych filmów animowanych i dokonywały oceny emocjonalności słów lub sensowności zdań w L1 i L2, podczas rejestracji ich reakcji elektrofizjologicznych i/lub behawioralnych.Life is never a neutral experience (Izard 2007). Mood (i.e. a background affective state) unobtrusively yet pervasively influences our cognitive processes, including those engaged in language comprehension (see Naranowicz 2022 for a review). Much research has demonstrated that a positive mood can be associated with heuristics-based and assimilative thinking whereas a negative mood with detail-oriented and accommodative thinking (see Forgas 2017 for a review). Strikingly, while growing research attention has been devoted to cognitive mechanisms engaged in the comprehension of the native language (L1), little is known about if and how positive and negative moods affect the comprehension of the non-native language (L2; Kissler and Bromberek-Dyzman 2021). It can be predicted that positive and negative moods may differently interact with L1 and L2 comprehension, given that accumulating evidence has pointed to bilingual speakers experiencing decreased sensitivity to emotional content in L2 (see Jończyk 2016 for a review) as well as increased activation of implicit emotion regulation mechanisms in L2 than L1 (Morawetz et al. 2017).
To address this research gap, the present PhD project aimed to investigate whether and how positive and negative moods affect behavioural and electrophysiological responses to L1 and L2, paying particular attention to cognitive mechanisms engaged in language comprehension. To addresses this research question, one behavioural (Research article 1, Naranowicz et al. 2022a) and two electrophysiological (Research article 2, Naranowicz et al. 2022b; Research article 3, Jankowiak et al. 2022) experiments were conducted, supplemented by a critical literature review (Research article 4, Naranowicz 2022). In all three experiments, Polish–English bilinguals were induced into a positive and negative mood with non-narrative animated films and made evaluative or meaningfulness judgements on L1 and L2 items while their electrophysiological and/or behavioural responses were being recorded.
All in all, the findings of the present PhD project offer novel insights into research on affect and bilingualism, demonstrating that whether a bilingual person is in a more positive or negative mood determines how well they comprehend their respective languages
sj-docx-1-ijb-10.1177_13670069221075646 – Supplemental material for Mood and gender effects in emotional word processing in unbalanced bilinguals
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-ijb-10.1177_13670069221075646 for Mood and gender effects in emotional word processing in unbalanced bilinguals by Marcin Naranowicz, Katarzyna Jankowiak and Katarzyna Bromberek-Dyzman in International Journal of Bilingualism</p
Mood effects on semantic processes: Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence
No full textMood (i.e., our current background affective state) often unobtrusively yet pervasively affects how we think and behave. Typically, theoretical frameworks position it as an embodied source of information (i.e., a biomarker), activating thinking patterns that tune our attention, perception, motivation, and exploration tendencies in a context-dependent manner. Growing behavioural and electrophysiological research has been exploring the mood–language interactions, employing numerous semantics-oriented experimental paradigms (e.g., manipulating semantic associations, congruity, relatedness, etc.) along with mood elicitation techniques (e.g., affectively evocative film clips, music, pictures, etc.). Available behavioural and electrophysiological evidence has suggested that positive and negative moods differently regulate the dynamics of language comprehension, mostly due to the activation of mood-dependent cognitive strategies. Namely, a positive mood has been argued to activate global and heuristics-based processing and a negative mood – local and detail-oriented processing during language comprehension. Future research on mood–language interactions could benefit greatly from (i) a theoretical framework for mood effects on semantic memory, (ii) measuring mood changes multi-dimensionally, (iii) addressing discrepancies in empirical findings, (iv) a replication-oriented approach, and (v) research practices counteracting publication biases
Mood effects on semantic processes: Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence
No full textMood (i.e., our current background affective state) often unobtrusively yet pervasively affects how we think and behave. Typically, theoretical frameworks position it as an embodied source of information (i.e., a biomarker), activating thinking patterns that tune our attention, perception, motivation, and exploration tendencies in a context-dependent manner. Growing behavioural and electrophysiological research has been exploring the mood¬–language interactions, employing numerous semantics-oriented experimental paradigms (e.g., manipulating semantic associations, congruity, relatedness, etc.) along with mood elicitation techniques (e.g., affectively evocative film clips, music, pictures, etc.). Available behavioural and electrophysiological evidence has suggested that positive and negative moods differently regulate the dynamics of language comprehension, mostly due to the activation of mood-dependent cognitive strategies. Namely, a positive mood has been argued to activate global and heuristics-based processing and a negative mood – local and detail-oriented processing during language comprehension. Future research on mood–language interactions could benefit greatly from (i) a theoretical framework for mood effects on semantic memory, (ii) measuring mood changes multi-dimensionally, (iii) addressing discrepancies in empirical findings, (iv) a replication-oriented approach, and (v) research practices counteracting publication biases
Bilinguals in social and emotional contexts: How positive and negative moods shape stereotype judgements in bilingual women
No full textPurpose:
The study offers insights into the interplay between mood and the language of operation in the context of stereotype judgements in female bilinguals.
Methodology:
Participants were presented with gender stereotypically congruent and incongruent sentences in their L1 (Polish) and L2 (English). They performed a stereotype congruency judgement task while their behavioural responses were being recorded.
Data and analysis:
The speed and accuracy of participants’ responses were measured and analysed using linear and generalised mixed-effect modelling, respectively.
Findings:
Our results indicated that bilinguals’ positive and negative mood states may interact with the language of operation, irrespective of stereotype congruency. We observed a facilitatory effect on response times of a positive relative to negative mood in L2 as opposed to L1. Such findings point to strong internalisation of gender stereotype in L1, with the behavioural responses remaining unaffected by mood changes, as well as decreased internalisation of gender stereotypes and their weaker accessibility in L2 compared to L1.
Originality:
The study is the first to illuminate the complex interplay among mood, language of operation, and stereotype activation, enhancing our understanding of the cognitive processes underpinning social judgements in bilingual speakers.
Significance:
The reduced accessibility of gender stereotypes in L2 might carry important consequences for various domains such as social interactions, politics, and employment situations, where L2 may serve as a tool for encouraging gender equality and diminishing gender-based stereotypes and biases
Table_1_Mood effects on semantic processes: Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence.XLSX
No full textMood (i.e., our current background affective state) often unobtrusively yet pervasively affects how we think and behave. Typically, theoretical frameworks position it as an embodied source of information (i.e., a biomarker), activating thinking patterns that tune our attention, perception, motivation, and exploration tendencies in a context-dependent manner. Growing behavioural and electrophysiological research has been exploring the mood–language interactions, employing numerous semantics-oriented experimental paradigms (e.g., manipulating semantic associations, congruity, relatedness, etc.) along with mood elicitation techniques (e.g., affectively evocative film clips, music, pictures, etc.). Available behavioural and electrophysiological evidence has suggested that positive and negative moods differently regulate the dynamics of language comprehension, mostly due to the activation of mood-dependent cognitive strategies. Namely, a positive mood has been argued to activate global and heuristics-based processing and a negative mood – local and detail-oriented processing during language comprehension. Future research on mood–language interactions could benefit greatly from (i) a theoretical framework for mood effects on semantic memory, (ii) measuring mood changes multi-dimensionally, (iii) addressing discrepancies in empirical findings, (iv) a replication-oriented approach, and (v) research practices counteracting publication biases.</p
Bilinguals in social and emotional contexts: How positive and negative moods shape stereotype judgements in bilingual women
No full textPurpose:
The study offers insights into the interplay between mood and the language of operation in the context of stereotype judgements in female bilinguals.
Methodology:
Participants were presented with gender stereotypically congruent and incongruent sentences in their L1 (Polish) and L2 (English). They performed a stereotype congruency judgement task while their behavioural responses were being recorded.
Data and analysis:
The speed and accuracy of participants’ responses were measured and analysed using linear and generalised mixed-effect modelling, respectively.
Findings:
Our results indicated that bilinguals’ positive and negative mood states may interact with the language of operation, irrespective of stereotype congruency. We observed a facilitatory effect on response times of a positive relative to negative mood in L2 as opposed to L1. Such findings point to strong internalisation of gender stereotype in L1, with the behavioural responses remaining unaffected by mood changes, as well as decreased internalisation of gender stereotypes and their weaker accessibility in L2 compared to L1.
Originality:
The study is the first to illuminate the complex interplay among mood, language of operation, and stereotype activation, enhancing our understanding of the cognitive processes underpinning social judgements in bilingual speakers.
Significance:
The reduced accessibility of gender stereotypes in L2 might carry important consequences for various domains such as social interactions, politics, and employment situations, where L2 may serve as a tool for encouraging gender equality and diminishing gender-based stereotypes and biases
A negative mood facilitates complex semantic processing in a second language
No full textResearch has demonstrated that positive and negative moods may differently affect semantic processing due to the activation of mood-dependent thinking. Interestingly, recent studies have indicated that the interplay between mood and semantic processing may also be modulated by the language of operation (native [L1] vs. second language [L2]). Still, it remains an open question if and how mood interacts with varying depths of semantic processing, particularly in bilinguals. Here, we show that a negative mood may differently modulate shallow and deep semantic processing in bilinguals at a behavioural level. In two experiments, Polish–English bilinguals, induced into positive and negative moods, performed a lexical decision task (marking shallow semantic processing; Experiment 1) and a semantic decision task (marking deep semantic processing; Experiment 2) with sentences in L1 and L2 of varying semantic complexity: literal, novel metaphoric, and anomalous sentences. While no interactive mood–language effect was observed for shallow semantic processing, we found faster semantic judgments when bilinguals were in a negative relative to positive mood in L2, but not L1, for deep semantic processing. These findings suggest that a negative mood may activate more analytical and effort-maximising thinking in L2, yet only when the linguistic content requires deeper understanding
A negative mood facilitates complex semantic processing in a second language
No full textResearch has demonstrated that positive and negative moods may differently affect semantic processing due to the activation of mood-dependent thinking. Interestingly, recent studies have indicated that the interplay between mood and semantic processing may also be modulated by the language of operation (native [L1] vs. second language [L2]). Still, it remains an open question if and how mood interacts with varying depths of semantic processing, particularly in bilinguals. Here, we show that a negative mood may differently modulate shallow and deep semantic processing in bilinguals at a behavioural level. In two experiments, Polish–English bilinguals, induced into positive and negative moods, performed a lexical decision task (marking shallow semantic processing; Experiment 1) and a semantic decision task (marking deep semantic processing; Experiment 2) with sentences in L1 and L2 of varying semantic complexity: literal, novel metaphoric, and anomalous sentences. While no interactive mood–language effect was observed for shallow semantic processing, we found faster semantic judgments when bilinguals were in a negative relative to positive mood in L2, but not L1, for deep semantic processing. These findings suggest that a negative mood may activate more analytical and effort-maximising thinking in L2, yet only when the linguistic content requires deeper understanding
Positive mood enhances gender stereotype activation during semantic integration and re-analysis
No full textGender stereotypes are deeply rooted in language, and their activation can be influenced by various factors. Behavioural evidence suggests that both positive and negative moods can modulate responses to stereotype-laden linguistic content. Early research also highlights the role of colour–gender associations in language processing. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the interaction between mood, gender stereotype activation, and colour–gender associations remain underexplored. Here, we provide novel neurocognitive evidence that a positive mood actively facilitates access to stereotype knowledge during the stage of semantic integration and re-analysis. Female participants induced into positive or negative moods made stereotype congruency judgments about sentences that were either congruent or incongruent with gender stereotypes, preceded by gendered (pink/blue circles) or gender-neutral (white circles) visual cues. First, the results showed smaller N200 amplitudes in a positive compared to negative mood only for sentences preceded by gender-neutral cues, suggesting that gender-driven expectancies evoked by gendered cues can override mood effects during early lexico-semantic processing. Second, we found smaller N400 amplitudes in a positive compared to negative mood, indicating overall facilitation of lexico-semantic processing in a positive mood, irrespective of stereotype congruency. Finally, we observed larger Late Positive Complex (LPC) amplitudes for stereotypically incongruent than congruent sentences only in a positive mood, pointing to gender stereotype knowledge modulating semantic integration and reanalysis processes in a positive but not negative mood
