1,721,247 research outputs found

    The Economic Perspective of Food Poverty and (In)security: An Analytical Approach to Measuring and Estimation in Italy

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    The UN Sustainable Development Goals have set clear targets on global poverty, hunger and malnutrition to be achieved by 2030, which have prompted academics and policymakers to identify useful strategies and drivers. Moreover, the COVID19 pandemic has exacerbated inequalities at national and sub-national levels thus hampering the achievement of these goals. On considering the multifaceted nature of poverty, a recent research strand focuses on food poverty and insecurity issues in terms of economic access to food and healthy diet consumption, with moderate and extreme food insecurity affecting almost 9% of the population in Europe and North America. This paper aims to analyse food poverty and insecurity at regional level in Italy. Using micro-data from the Italian Household Budget Survey carried out by ISTAT, an analytical approach was proposed to define and measure the different degree of food poverty and insecurity. Moreover, to obtain insights into whether food poverty and insecurity can afford population healthy nutrition, inequality of the distributions of food expenditure categories are estimated. The results provided us with information on other important aspects of the poverty. Indeed, in Italy individuals who are at-risk-of-food-poverty or food insecure amount to 22.3% of the entire population. Furthermore, the at-risk-of-food-poverty-rate varies at regional level from 14.6% (Umbria) to 29.6% (Abruzzo), with high levels of food consumption inequalities observed above all for vegetables, meat and fish. All these issues could help policy makers to define economic intervention policies aimed at reducing social exclusion and achieving more equitable and sustainable living conditions for the entire population

    Two-level M-quantile model for poverty estimation

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    Small area estimation (SAE) aims to allow efficient estimation of population characteristics of domains with a small sample size that produce unreliable estimates. In the last decade there has been a rising interest in poverty estimation where the ELL (a simulation-based synthetic poverty mapping methodology) approach is the de-facto industry standard for small area estimation applied to poverty assessment. Alternatives to the ELL approach take into account area and unit heterogeneity, but implicitly assume homogeneity for clusters within area level (e.g. PSU). We propose a two-level M-quantile linear model that should be able to capture variability at area/domain and cluster level. The model in its simplest form can mimic a two-nested-error model. Using a Monte Carlo approach we can obtain poverty estimates via the two- level M-quantile model. Performance of poverty estimates will be shown by means of Monte Carlo simulation where we tried to build a realistic poverty estimation scenario
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