1,721,018 research outputs found
Biodiesel properties and emissions based on the type of blend and raw material
No full textBiodiesel production is gaining more and more relevance due to its environmental benefits such as its biodegradability, it has no CO or sulfur emissions, its produce a reduction in the CO2 emissions, prolongs the engines lives, could be blend with regular diesel and it is produce from renewable and sustainable sources. The name “biodiesel” is normally associated to any blend of regular diesel and biodiesel; however, the ASTM defines as biodiesel to the B100 (100% pure biodiesel) while any other blend is label in relation to the percentage of biodiesel in the mixture. The most common blend is B20, which has a 20% of biodiesel. Based on the percentage of the biodiesel, the amount of regular diesel and the raw material from where the biofuel is produced, different properties, emissions and engine performance can be seen. A comparison of the biofuel based on these three main parameters will be presented with the aim of pointing out the differences of each blend, the influence on the emissions based on the quantity of biodiesel in the fuel and how this percentage affects the combustion of an internal engine of a car. Even more, it will be shown international policies regarding the type of blend that should be used and when this should be reached.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina. Norwegian University of Life Sciences; Norueg
Influence of economical variables on a supercritical biodiesel production process
Full text linkBiodiesel has becoming more and more relevant in today’s society and economy due to its environmental advantages such as biodegradability, lower CO and CO2 emissions as well as less particulate pollutants. In this work the study of market and economic variables is presented and their effects compared when biodiesel is being produced using a supercritical technology. The production process is based on a supercritical technology with no catalyst and no co-solvent. Price for the raw materials, such as price for the alcohol as well as the oil has been studied. Also, selling price for biodiesel as well as glycerin has been analyzed and compared with prices from other biodiesel production technologies. Economic decisions such as percentage of failure in the production process, investment in research and development, and advertisement have been evaluated; also it has been considered the influence of the tax incentives on the global economy of the production process. Small variations on some of the major market variables would produce significant effects over the global economy of the plant, making it non profitable in some cases.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentin
The effect of economic variables over a biodiesel production plant
Full text linkBiodiesel appears as one of the possible alternative renewable fuels to substitute diesel fuel derived from petroleum. Several researches have been done on the technical aspects of biodiesel production in an attempt to develop a better and cleaner alternative to the conventional process. Economic studies have been carried out to have a better understanding of the high costs and benefits of different technologies in the biodiesel industry. In this work it is studied the effect of the most important economic variables of a biodiesel production process over the general economy of a conventional plant which employs sodium methoxide as catalyst. It has been analyzed the effect of the oil price, the amount of free fatty acid, the biodiesel price, the cost of the glycerin, the effect due to the modification on the methanol price, the washing water price, and several others. Small variations on some of the major market variables would produce significant effects over the global economy of the plant, making it non profitable in some cases. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin
Kinetic study of the esterification of free fatty acid and ethanol in the presence of triglycerides using solid resins as catalyst
Full text linkBiodiesel production is gaining more and more relevance due to its environmental advantages and because of the world situation of petroleum: decreases of reserves, augmentation of prices etc. Biodiesel is produced by transesterification of triglycerides; however, it can also be generated by the esterification of fatty acid, normally considered as an impurity. The evolution of the reaction when using oleic acid (diluted in triglycerides) and ethanol, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, has been studied. Kinetics expression for the esterification reaction as well as for the esterification and transesterification taking place simultaneously have been developed and fit with the experimental data. It is shown that, when both reactions are being taking into account, the kinetics fits the experimental data better since it does consider the interaction between all the compounds involved. The kinetics expression obtained represented satisfactorily the experimental information for several operations conditions.Fil: Jasen, Paula Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Norwegian University of Life Sciences; Noruega. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentin
Review of Kernels for Droplet-Droplet Interaction, Droplet-Wall Collision, Entrainment, Re-entrainment, and Breakage
Full text linkGas purification is one of the most common and important process steps in combined oil and gas production in order to obtain a product meeting the required export specifications. One of the separation steps is droplet removal, which may be found in several positions in a gas processing train. Gas dehydration, sweetening, and, in particular, compression are very dependent on an almost droplet-free gas. The equipment normally used for this purpose is a so-called scrubber, where the droplets are usually removed in three stages. The process of droplet removal is governed by several physical phenomena, such as droplet-droplet interaction, droplet deposition on dry and wet walls, droplet re-entrainment by the gas flow, coalescence, and breakage. For each of them closure laws are needed, and several kernels have been developed in order to establish in what operational domain and under which specific conditions the various phenomena dominate, can be minimized, or can be eliminated this article is a review of the individual physical processes, and the models developed to describe these including advantages and shortcomings of each of them. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Noruega. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Svendsen, H. F.. Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Norueg
A summary of the available technologies for biodiesel production based on a comparison of different feedstock's properties
No full textBiodiesel production is mainly done by carrying on the transesterification reaction while using refined oil, methanol and a homogeneous base catalyst. When using refined oil, a competition between oil for food and oil for fuel is then presented. Even more, the conventional technology has the disadvantage that the raw material has to be very pure, with no traces of other impurities. Otherwise, undesirable products will be produced decreasing the productivity of the process and making a large amount of waste treatment. Because of this, other technologies appear as possible sources for biodiesel production, mainly from refined oil, but also allowing less pure raw material to be used, such as waste oil, frying oil, soapstocks, and animal fats. In this work, a comparison of all these different raw materials, their physicochemical properties and how they can have an influence, and the magnitude of this phenomenon, in the biodiesel production will be presented and compared. Based on the previous analysis, a short summary of the technological possibilities to produce good quality biodiesel from low price raw material will be discussed with the aim of showing their advantages and disadvantages when using different feedstocks. © 2011 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentin
Improvements on a laser scattering technique for droplet size measurements applied to a gas-liquid separation equipment
Full text linkThe knowledge of droplet size distributions in a gas-liquid separation equipment is of high relevance due to the importance of removal efficiency in these systems. Different techniques could be used to measure droplet size, being one of them the diffraction of a laser beam. The laser is located behind glasses, being the formation of droplets on the glasses one of the main problems encountered when using this technique. Due to this major problem, different innovative solutions have been proposed and implemented to the gas-liquid separation column in order to obtain satisfactory results. A shutter mechanism, a purge gas and combination of these two solutions were tested. It was shown that the modified technique is suitable for liquid droplet measurements under ambient conditions. It has been also shown that the combination of these two solutions reduced considerably the amount of droplets that interacts with the glasses, allowing getting better data.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering; NoruegaFil: Svendsen, Hallvard Fjøsne. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering; Norueg
Heterogeneous esterification of oil with high amount of free fatty acids
Full text linkFrying oils have become the newest raw material for the transesterification reaction for the production of biodiesel. However, these compounds usually come with a certain amount of free fatty acids. These impurities can be transformed into esters and the production of biodiesel could be increased. The use of basic resins to perform the esterification reaction into biodiesel is studied in this work. The effect of the most relevant variables of the process such as reaction temperature, molar ratio between alcohol and oil, amount of catalyst and amount of free fatty acids fed with the oil have been analyzed. For this purpose, an ideal frying oil using oleic acid and soybean oil was made. The alcohol used was ethanol. The esterification of free fatty acid using this heterogeneous catalyst appears as a great alternative to purify frying oil; in this case, the final conversion achieved was around 80%.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Miguel, Victor Ubaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Errazu, Alberto Felipe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin
Análisis de alternativas tecnológicas para la producción de biodiesel
Full text linkEn este trabajo se realiza un análisis de los métodos y tecnologías empleadas en la producción de biodiesel, para lo cual se emplea información proveniente de trabajos de investigación propios y de literatura, como también datos de proveedores de tecnología. El trabajo consiste en el planteo de las distintas alternativas tecnológicas, teniendo por objetivo realizar un análisis técnico y económico de las mismas, como así también establecer una comparación entre ellas. Para ello se dispuso adicionalmente un simulador de procesos con el propósito de asistir en el planteo de los mismos y su simulación y también en la evaluación comparativa de las tecnologías. También se analizaron estos procesos frente a diferentes escenarios, como por ejemplo el empleo de distintas materias primas, rendimientos, efluentes, resultados económicos, etc. de cada proceso o tecnología.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Miguel, Victor Ubaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Errazu, Alberto Felipe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin
Production of biodiesel from acid oil using sulfuric acid as catalyst: kinetics study
Full text linkBiodiesel production is becoming more relevant due to its environmental advantages together with the global petroleum situation regarding decreases of the reserves, instability of the prices and so on. The kinetics of the esterification and transesterification reaction of an acid oil (10% of initial free fatty acid) was studied using ethanol and a homogenous acid catalyst. The controlling step method was employed to obtain the kinetic equations, and nonlinear multiparametric routine was implemented to estimate the kinetic parameters. The selected reaction rate represented the experimental data for several operating conditions satisfactorily.Fil: Marchetti, Jorge Mario. Norwegian University of Science and Technology; NoruegaFil: Pedernera, Marisa Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Schbib, Noemi Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin
- …
