1,721,086 research outputs found
Temperate Subantarctic Forests: A Huge Natural Laboratory
No full textIn the southern tip of South America, temperate subantarctic forests develop on both sides of the Andes mountain range. Known in Argentina as Andean-Patagonian forests, these ecosystems cover a narrow but long latitudinal strip, from 35° S (at Maule River, in Chile) to 55° S (in the southern extreme of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, in Chile and Argentina). Their current geographic discontinuity from the other forests of South America is a remarkable feature, for which they have been considered a biogeographic island (Armesto et al. 1995). The sclerophyllous scrub and the high-Andean-steppe border the Subantarctic forests to the north; the Patagonian steppe, in Argentina, confines its development to the east, and the ocean marks its western and southern edges. This geographic isolation dates back to the Oligocene (about 23–33 My ago), when South America began to drift northward; before that,
the continents of the southern hemisphere were connected as Gondwanaland (Markgraf et al. 1996). Since its origin in the late Cretaceous (ca. 90 My ago; Dettmann et al. 1990) till the separation of the continents, floristic interchange endured. This explains the relationships with other southern forests like those of Tasmania and New Zealand (i.e., disjunct distribution of genus like Araucaria,
Aristotelia, Blechnum, Discaria, Lomatia, Nothofagus, Podocarpus, among others; Veblen et al. 1996). In addition, abundant neotropical elements characteristics of the “Yungas” in NE Argentina (e.g., Azara, Chusquea, Crinodendron, Drimys, Escallonia among others) reflect a history of recurrent connections with ecosystems of lower latitudes (Arroyo et al. 1995).Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin
Questions, perspectives and final considerations of planting native species under the climate change conditioning
No full textPlanting native species requires particular genetic considerations in order to minimize the risks of maladaptation and genetic contamination. Outbreeding depression and genetic swamping are possible processes that should be avoided. Authenticity and functionality are two opposing objectives in active restoration of degraded ecosystems. Actual examples of genetic risks in Argentina regarding native species plantation are presented. Climate change is a deep conditioning of tree plantation and according to the forecast for Argentina a future shifting in the natural range of forest tree species is expected. An example through ecological niche modelling in two Nothofagus species shows possible outcomes of this shift. Another example based on threshold models determining timing of germination describes possible altitudinal shifts. Assisted migration and assisted gene flow are potential resources to mitigate the impact of climate change: should we breed for the present or for the future climate? The dilemma of facing the risk of extinction through a risk of invasion.Fil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Arana, Maria Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Aparicio, Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin
Roble pellín (Nothofagus obliqua): A Southern Beech with a Restricted Distribution Area But a Wide Environmental Range in Argentina
No full textNothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst. (Nothofagaceae, Hill and Jordan 1993), known as ‘roble’, ‘pellín’, ‘roble pellín’ or ‘hualle’, is a tree species endemic to South American temperate forests. It is under protection in Argentina, mostly within national and provincial protected areas. However, because of its high wood quality, similar to Nothofagus alpina (= N. nervosa) and Nothofagus pumilio and in order to supply the timber trade, it is harvested in some of these protected areas under the regulation of forest management plans. Roble pellín’s wood is pink yellowish in the sapwood and brown to reddish brown in the heartwood, with a fine texture, homogeneous
and right grain (Dimitri et al. 1997) and high density (1.220 kg/dm3 for green wood and 0.720 kg/dm3 for dry wood; INTI-CITEMA 2003). It is characterised by high mechanical resistance, durability and low putrefaction due to the high content of tannins.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Azpilicueta, Maria Marta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Azpilicueta, Maria Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Aparicio, Alejandro Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Aparicio, Alejandro Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: El Mujtar, Veronica Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: El Mujtar, Veronica Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Cristian Daniel. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Cristian Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Puntieri, Javier Guido. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Intituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecologia y Desarrollo Rural; ArgentinaFil: Stecconi, Marina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; ArgentinaFil: Stecconi, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Barbero, Fernando Alvaro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Barbero, Fernando Alvaro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Lozano, Liliana. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Parque Nacional Lanin; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin
Raulí (Nothofagus alpina = N. nervosa): The Best Quality Hardwood in Patagonia
No full textNothofagus alpina (Poepp. and Endl.) Oerst. (= N. nervosa (Phil.) Dim. et Mil.), raulí, is an iconic forest tree species of the South American temperate forests due to its hardwood quality. With a pinkish colour and light red tints, raulí’s wood is very appreciated in the regional and international market for its excellent physical and mechanical characteristics. The texture is fine and homogeneous, presenting a very smooth veining with linear fibres that allow obtaining even excellent roof tiles and a density of approximately 0.55 g/cm3 at 12% moisture content. Easy to dry, once dry it is dimensionally stable, easy to saw, brush and turn, achieving excellent terminations and therefore very suitable for door and window frames, furniture and fine woodwork (Diaz-Vaz 1987). Owing to this superb wood quality, raulí has been extensively logged, mainly during the first half of the twentieth century, causing a dramatic reduction of its forests (Donoso and Lara 1995; Gonzalez Peñalba et al. 1997).Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Azpilicueta, Maria Marta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Azpilicueta, Maria Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Duboscq Carra, Virginia Gisela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Duboscq Carra, Virginia Gisela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Sola, Georgina Giselle. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Sola, Georgina Giselle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: El Mujtar, Veronica Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: El Mujtar, Veronica Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Arana, María Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Arana, María Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Arias Rios, Jorge Andrés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Arias Rios, Jorge Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Natalia. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologias Biologicas; ArgentinaFil: Fontenla, Sonia Beatriz. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologias Biologicas; ArgentinaFil: González Peñalba, Marcelo. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Parque Nacional Lanín; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin
La genética y la conservación de nuestros bosques: Una contribución a la puesta en práctica de la Ley 26.331
No full textEn el marco de la reciente Ley 26.331 de Presupuestos Mínimos que promueve la conservación y el manejo sustentable de nuestros bosques, los estudios de genética poblacional encuentran un nuevo desafío. Los estudios del Grupo de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal de la EEA INTA Bariloche buscan brindar apoyo en la definición de criterios de conservación y manejo de nuestros Bosques Andino Patagónicos.Fil: Azpilicueta, María Marta.Fil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo
Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica: The Most Widely Distributed and Cold-Tolerant Southern Beeches in Patagonia
No full textNothofagus pumilio (Poepp. & Endl.) Krasser, known as lenga, and Nothofagus antarctica (G. Forster) Oerster, commonly called ñire, are tree species of the temperate forests of southern South America, occurring in temperate-rainy forest districts, in the subalpine transition area, and in poorly drained sites (Veblen et al. 1996). Their natural distributions in Chile and Argentina mainly correspond to the Cordillera de los Andes, from 36° S to the south of Tierra del Fuego archipelago (55° S). In Chile, N. pumilio also inhabits the Coastal Range (Cordillera de Nahuelbuta) where it grows associated with Araucaria araucana forests above 1400 m asl. In turn, N. antarctica is distributed in the Central Depression of Chile, from Valdivia toward austral latitudes. Throughout their entire distribution in
Argentina, lenga and ñire forests co-occur and overlap to a greater or lesser extent. This shared geographical distribution covers approximately 18° of latitude (2200 km of extension) and is the widest among the South American Nothofagus. Recently, the national forest inventory of Argentina (CIEFAP and MAyDS 2016) revealed a total of 1,595,661 ha and 864,148 ha of lenga and ñire forests, respectively. The National Park Administration of Argentina protects a portion of all this forest surface (34% and 15%, respectively), belonging the rest to provincial jurisdictions.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Soliani, Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Soliani, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Easdale, Marcos Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Mondino, Victor Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Esquel; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Mattera, Maria Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Mattera, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Aparicio, Alejandro Gabriel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Aparicio, Alejandro Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Ana Delia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Ana Delia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Tejera, Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Esquel; ArgentinaFil: Schinelli Casares, Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Esquel; Argentin
Low Intensity Breeding of Native Forest Trees in Argentina : Genetic Basis for their Domestication and Conservation
No full textThe first genetic studies on forest trees in Argentina were carried out with exotic fast-growing species and in relation to their productive use. These antecedents, conducted mainly by the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, INTA), date back to the 1950s and were based on field trials of poplars, willows, pines, and eucalypts, which were eventually developed as formal genetic improvement programs (Marcó et al. 2016).
It was not until the 1980s that genetic studies of native forest species began. The initial work was carried out at the University of Buenos Aires, where the first doctoral thesis on population genetics of a native forest species (Saidman 1985) was defended. Since the 1990s, new scientific groups commenced to develop with similar lines of research, in several INTA groups and in other national universities such as Comahue, Misiones, and Córdoba, expanding the objects of study to a variety of genera and species.
In the beginning, the lack of knowledge about the genetic resources of the forest species from Argentina promoted studies of genetic characterization of their natural populations, by means of genetic markers (initially isoenzymes and then RAPD, AFLP, RFLP, and more recently SSR). These first steps advanced toward the study of demo-stochastic evolutionary processes (i.e., drift and gene flow) using neutral genetic markers as tools, and a little later, toward the study of adaptation and phenotypic plasticity through the analysis of variation in quantitative traits in common garden trials. Currently, this type of approach continues to expand the range of species
involved and questions addressed, and furthermore, the use of new tools for thegeneration of genomic resources, the identification of candidate genes, and the analysis of full transcriptomes have been added to study selection processes also with molecular markers.
Based on the knowledge gained about the genetic resources of native forest trees but focusing on their use, INTA (with the collaboration of research groups from other institutions) formally initiated domestication programs for the most relevant
species in 2006, which finally led to the development of low-intensity breeding programs. Given its national projection, INTA implements these programs throughout the country, covering all forest ecosystems in Argentina. For the selection of species, in addition to practical aspects such as the region of concern of each research group, the ecological and/or productive value (current or potential) of the species considered was weighted.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Grupo de Ecologia Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Grupo de Ecologia Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin
Modelado de distribuciones futuras del Nothofagus pumilio en un contexto de cambio climático
Full text linkA nivel global, las predicciones asociadas a los cambios climáticos previstos para el futuro consideran que la distribución natural de las especies forestales y la estructura de los bosques se verán afectadas (p. ej. Allen et al., 2010). En la Patagonia, los registros climáticos del último siglo indicaron un aumento en la temperatura media anual (Villalba et al., 2005), una disminución en la precipitación media anual, así como la recesión de los glaciares (Masiokas et al., 2008). Las proyecciones a futuro son consistentes con estos patrones, lo que podría conducir a una mayor aridización de la región, así como una mayor frecuencia de eventos climáticos extremos que afectarían de modo generalizado la actual distribución y crecimiento de las plantas (p. ej. Villalba et al., 2012).Fil: Soliani, Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin
Araucaria araucana and Salix humboldtiana: Two Species Highly Appreciated by the Society with Domestication Potential
No full textPewen, Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch (also known as monkey puzzle tree), is a dioecious large-seeded emergent conifer endemic to the northern region of the temperate forests of Argentina and Chile. The species integrates the Araucariaceae family, with an ancient origin in the Triassic (ca. 250 My BP), being the only one among the 19 species of the taxa which lives in temperate climate (Hill et al. 1995; Kershaw and Wagstaff 2001).Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Sanguinetti, Javier. Administración Parques Nacionales. Parque Nacional Lanin; ArgentinaFil: Izquierdo, Fernanda Celina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural San Martín de los Andes; ArgentinaFil: Ziegenhagen, Birgit. Philipps-Universität Marburg; AlemaniaFil: Martín, Angela. Universidad de Córdoba. Department of Genética; EspañaFil: Mattioni, Claudia. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (IRET) ; ItaliaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Gallo, Leonardo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin
Genetic Resources: The Base Material for Managing Nature
No full textGenetic resources from any biological organism-complete genomes, genes, or even portions of genes that have actual or potential relevance to humans—are a provisioning ecosystem service. They are essential to ensure the resilience and persistence of ecosystems and the process of evolution, and in this sense, conserving them is an ethical duty. Moreover, they are crucial to domesticate or improve species used in the production of food, fiber and drugs, and in many other processes for the benefit of humankind. On the other hand, genetic resources are threatened by natural and human-induced factors, which can be gradual (e.g., climate change) or sudden (e.g., fire). Overexploitation, land use change, alien species invasion, pollution, and fragmentation are among the main drivers of genetic resource loss. Genetic resources can be conserved either in situ (in natural ecosystems) or ex situ (in artificial environments). Seed banks are the most widespread ex situ conservation strategy, but alternatives such as pollen banks, in vitro conservation, cryopreservation, DNA storage, microorganism culture collections, and field gene banks are also used. Genetic markers and common garden trials are the proper tools to characterize and evaluate genetic resources.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Grupo de Ecologia Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Pastorino, Mario Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Grupo de Ecologia Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Marchelli, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentin
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