26 research outputs found
Paola Bernardini / Anna Rodolfi, Roger Bacon’s Communia Naturalium. A 13th Century Philosopher’s Workshop. (Micrologus’ Library, 64.) Firenze, SISMEL – Edizioni del Galluzzo 2014
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Kreative Gegensätze ::der Streit um den Nutzen der Philosophie an der mittelalterlichen Pariser Universität /
No full textIn 'Kreative Gegensätze' Marcel Bubert analyses the debates among medieval scholastics on the social usefulness of learned knowledge in their specific social and cultural contexts. In particular, he shows how the skepticism towards the scholars as well as the tensions between the University of Paris, the French royal court, and the citizens of Paris had profound effects on the scientific community, and led to very different views on the utility of philosophy
Epistemische Rivalitäten. Zum Umgang mit Sonderwissen an den Höfen des 14. Jahrhunderts
No full textde Boer J-H, Wallmeyer G, Bubert M. Epistemische Rivalitäten. Zum Umgang mit Sonderwissen an den Höfen des 14. Jahrhunderts. Historische Zeitschrift. 2023;317(3):572-611.An den Höfen der Könige, Päpste, Fürsten und Fürstinnen entwickelte sich im 14. Jahrhundert eine zunehmende Konkurrenz zwischen Vertreterinnen und Vertretern verschiedener Bestände von Sonderwissen. Die Entscheidung, welches Wissen in welcher Form nutzbar war, verlagerte sich von den gelehrten Milieus auf Laien, an den Höfen auf Herrscher und Herrscherinnen und ihr Umfeld. Der offen ausgetragene Wettbewerb machte es erforderlich, die mit dem jeweiligen Wissensbestand verbundenen Geltungsansprüche, seine Gehalte und seinen möglichen Nutzen sowie die Positionen seiner Trägerinnen und Träger zu überprüfen. Die wachsenden epistemischen Rivalitäten ließen daher Wissen reflexiv werden. Diese Prozesse veranschaulicht der Beitrag anhand von Fallstudien zu ausgewählten lateineuropäischen Höfen
Genomic improvement of nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize
No full textAs available land for agricultural production has stabilized, farmers rely on fertilizer application rates to boost yields. Consequently, nitrogen (N) use in the United States has increased nearly six fold in the last fifty years to more than 13 million tons applied in 2014, an increase that mirrors worldwide trends. The production of N fertilizer is dependent on energy inputs to convert atmospheric dinitrogen to a form useable by plants, so as energy prices continue to climb the cost of N fertilizers will increase accordingly. Additionally, the detrimental environmental effects on water and air quality of nitrogen losses from denitrification, volatilization, and leaching are well documented. As such, improvements to nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is an important target for future maize breeding efforts. The objectives of this research were to assess existing phenotypic and genotypic variation for NUE related traits, and leverage that variation to understand and improve hybrid performance.
Historical and elite germplasm were grown as inbreds and hybrids in highly managed multi-year field trials under varying rates of applied nitrogen. Preliminary results supported previous research demonstrating N uptake efficiency may already be optimized, but there are opportunities to improve N utilization efficiency (NUtE). Field based trials were subjected to a phenotyping pipeline that estimates N utilization as a ratio of total biomass to total plant N. Measuring total NUtE on both hybrids and their inbred parents effectively controls for the impacts of relative maturity and heterosis on this trait. The results of this research indicate that available soil N in this geographical region is typically sufficient for inbreds to reach sink capacity, thereby limiting nitrogen response to supplemental N in inbreds. The lack of N response in inbreds indicates that making selections for NUtE in inbreds per se will not result in efficient genetic gain. Hybrids showed a consistent N response but do have a significant tester effect, so future research to understand the genetic mechanisms of heterosis is necessary in order to account for the hybrid combinations used in NUtE trials.
The diversity that was identified through field testing and NUtE phenotyping was sufficient to support the use of genomic tools to increase NUtE in maize. Among many quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected in a prior genetic mapping experiment, nine robust intervals were determined to account for 5-15% of variation for multiple nitrogen utilization traits across years. The contribution of these previously identified QTL to NUtE among diverse maize hybrids was assessed using a genome-wide association study. Three of the nine QTL had significant marker-trait associations within their boundaries and an additional 12-24 significant SNPs were identified for NUtE related traits that may provide additional genes of interest that were not captured by the IBM mapping population used for QTL analysis. A genomic prediction approach was used to capture small genetic effects across the genome. Within year prediction accuracies for genomic prediction of grain nitrogen were 0.5 when the training population is 30% of the total population, while between-year accuracies with a one year training set were 0.28. Between year genomic predictions of hybrids using inbred data as a training set were 0.37 and 0.49 for NUtE and grain biomass, respectively. Similar to predictions of hybrid performance from inbred phenotypes, the ability to predict hybrid performance from inbred genotypes could be improved with a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying heterosis. Including multi-year phenotypes in the training set and expanding the model beyond just additive effects could also significantly improve prediction accuracies in the future.
It has long been known that heterosis is related to the degree of heterozygosity in a hybrid and recent advances in genome-scale genotyping enable detailed estimates of heterozygosity. Thus, in an effort to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying heterosis and how they impact complex traits, we conducted an experiment to investigate the influence of heterozygosity on nitrogen utilization efficiency and its component traits. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in more than 400 maize genes enriched for regulatory functions and control of N utilization showed divergent selection among the major germplasm groups for temperate maize production, indicating that heterozygosity is a preferred breeding goal to maximize N utilization and yield. In order to further test this preference, populations were created to maximize heterozygosity at three different levels: across the whole genome, within the previously known nine QTL regions, and at the SNP locations within the QTL that are also divergent between heterotic groups. Field testing of the populations for NUtE related traits indicated that heterozygosity is a preferred germplasm state for hybrid performance for grain biomass, stover biomass, and grain N. Additionally, selection for heterozygosity on a limited number of informed SNP markers can provide the same level of heterosis as selecting across the entire genome. This understanding of the importance of heterozygosity will be useful in guiding the selection of inbred parents to create future hybrids with better NUtE.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-12-01The student, Jessica Bubert, accepted the attached license on 2018-12-05 at 13:58.The student, Jessica Bubert, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-12-05 at 14:04.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-12-05 at 14:41.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13223 on 2019-02-08 at 11:41:20Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-08T18:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4
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Previous issue date: 2018-12-05Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 109970
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Absichten, Pläne, Strategien. Nachbetrachtungen zu einer Tagung
No full text20.04.2017 Jan-Hendryk de Boer Wie können Historikerinnen und Historiker Absichten, Pläne und Strategien historischer Akteure untersuchen? Dieser Frage widmete sich eine vom Graduiertenkolleg veranstaltete und von Marcel Bubert (Münster) und mir organisierte Tagung, die vom 5. bis 7. April 2017 am Kulturwissenschaftlichen Institut in Essen stattgefunden hat. Zwei Probleme und zwei Beobachtungen standen dabei am Anfang: Wie wir anderen Menschen grundsätzlich nicht in den Kopf sehen können (we..
Pariser Scholaren um 1200 als gewaltsame Akteure. Überlegungen zur Entstehung der Universität aus konfliktsoziologischer Perspektive
No full text
Kreative Gegensätze : der Streit um den Nutzen der Philosophie an der mittelalterlichen Pariser Universität /
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index
