32 research outputs found
Gewalttätige Konflikte erhöhen Einkommensungleichheit
No full textPolitische Unruhen, Bürgerkriege und im Extrem Völkermord sind einige der Gründe für die enttäuschende Wirtschaftsentwicklung in vielen Entwicklungsländern in den letzten Jahrzehnten, vor allem in Afrika. Perioden andauernder Gewalt beeinflussen auch die Verteilung von Einkommen in den betroffenen Gesellschaften. Eine Ländervergleichsstudie zeigt steigende Ungleichheit im Verlauf von gewalttätigen Konflikten, vor allem in den ersten Jahren nach Kriegsende. Die möglichst rasche Aufarbeitung der kriegsbedingten Verwerfungen im wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Leben scheinen diesem Trend entgegenwirken zu können.Inequality, Conflict, War
Gewalttätige Konflikte erhöhen Einkommensungleichheit
No full textPolitische Unruhen, Bürgerkriege und im Extrem Völkermord sind einige der Gründe für die enttäuschende Wirtschaftsentwicklung in vielen Entwicklungsländern in den letzten Jahrzehnten, vor allem in Afrika. Perioden andauernder Gewalt beeinflussen auch die Verteilung von Einkommen in den betroffenen Gesellschaften. Eine Ländervergleichsstudie zeigt steigende Ungleichheit im Verlauf von gewalttätigen Konflikten, vor allem in den ersten Jahren nach Kriegsende. Die möglichst rasche Aufarbeitung der kriegsbedingten Verwerfungen im wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Leben scheinen diesem Trend entgegenwirken zu können
Violent Conflicts Increase Income Inequality
No full textPolitical unrest, civil war, and - in extreme instances - genocide have contributed to the disappointing economic growth observed in many developing countries in recent decades, particularly in Africa. Sustained periods of violence also influence the distribution of income within a society; a cross-country analysis shows that income inequality increases as a result of violent conflicts, especially in the early post-war period. Immediate post-war efforts to address the social and economic disruption caused by conflict may help to counteract this trend.Inequality, Conflict, War
Violent Conflicts Increase Income Inequality
No full textPolitical unrest, civil war, and - in extreme instances - genocide have contributed to the disappointing economic growth observed in many developing countries in recent decades, particularly in Africa. Sustained periods of violence also influence the distribution of income within a society; a cross-country analysis shows that income inequality increases as a result of violent conflicts, especially in the early post-war period. Immediate post-war efforts to address the social and economic disruption caused by conflict may help to counteract this trend
The Business of Piracy in Somalia
No full textThis article argues that it will be difficult, if not impossible, to control Somali piracy for four reasons. First, Somali piracy is a land-based problem and naval control mechanisms are not changing the incentives for pirates. Second, improving Somalia's anarchic political situation will not necessarily stop piracy. Our analysis demonstrates that piracy is a business which improves with a more stable operating environment. Third, piracy is organized criminal activity, and like other organized crime groups will be difficult to control, especially if it becomes embedded in state structures. Finally, we argue that few of the relevant players have any real incentives to alter their behaviour.Piracy, Somalia, Law Enforcement, Organised Crime, EU Atalanta
Combating "Maritime Terrorism" off the Coast of Somalia
No full textThis paper evaluates the effectiveness of the international naval mission in the Gulf of Aden from 2008-2010, both in terms of its counter-piracy and its counter-terrorism objectives. We draw on arguments developed in the literature on terrorism and law and economics, detailed statistical analysis and a large number of in depth interviews. Counter-piracy operations are a qualified success - their main effects are the stabilisation of attacks at a high level and the substitution between the relatively well protected transit corridor in the Gulf of Aden and the open sea. However, the counter-piracy measures appear to deter pirates from forming alliances with Islamist movements and may therefore make a major contribution to international security.
Marine-Einsatz vor Somalia: mehr als eine Sisyphusarbeit?
No full textDie Marineoperation im Golf von Aden hat auch im vergangenen Jahr das Ausmaß der Piraterie vor den Küsten Somalias nicht entscheidend verringern können. Neben einer sich extrem schwierig gestaltenden Strafverfolgung führt vor allem die Größe des betroffenen Seegebiets dazu, dass Piraten bei ihren Attacken oft ungestört bleiben und nur in seltenen Fällen verurteilt werden können. Zudem zeigt sich, dass durch die Präsenz der Marine im Golf von Aden das Problem lediglich auf die offene See verlagert wird. Dennoch erfüllt die Marineoperation einen wichtigen Zweck: Um einer Eskalation der Gewalt und einer Verwicklung in den Krieg gegen den Terror aus dem Weg zu gehen, meiden die Piratengruppen den Kontakt zu islamistischen Gruppen in Somalia. Eine Finanzierung des globalen Terrors über die erpressten Lösegelder konnte so bisher verhindert und so ein bedeutender Beitrag zur internationalen Sicherheit geleistet werden.Piracy, Somalia, Counter-terrorism, Law and Economics, Deterrence, Naval intervention.
Marine-Einsatz vor Somalia: mehr als eine Sisyphusarbeit?
No full textDie Marineoperation im Golf von Aden hat auch im vergangenen Jahr das Ausmaß der Piraterie vor den Küsten Somalias nicht entscheidend verringern können. Neben einer sich extrem schwierig gestaltenden Strafverfolgung führt vor allem die Größe des betroffenen Seegebiets dazu, dass Piraten bei ihren Attacken oft ungestört bleiben und nur in seltenen Fällen verurteilt werden können. Zudem zeigt sich, dass durch die Präsenz der Marine im Golf von Aden das Problem lediglich auf die offene See verlagert wird. Dennoch erfüllt die Marineoperation einen wichtigen Zweck: Um einer Eskalation der Gewalt und einer Verwicklung in den Krieg gegen den Terror aus dem Weg zu gehen, meiden die Piratengruppen den Kontakt zu islamistischen Gruppen in Somalia. Eine Finanzierung des globalen Terrors über die erpressten Lösegelder konnte so bisher verhindert und so ein bedeutender Beitrag zur internationalen Sicherheit geleistet werden
Group Violence, Ethnic Diversity, and Citizen Participation: Evidence from Indonesia
No full textThis paper addresses the impact of violent conflict on social capital, as measured by citizen participation in community groups defined for four activity types: governance, social service, infrastructure development and risk-sharing. Combining household panel data from Indonesia with conflict event information, we find an overall decrease in citizen contributions in districts affected by group violence in the early post-Suharto transition period. However, participation in communities with a high degree of ethnic polarization is less strongly affected and even stimulated for local governance and risk-sharing activities. Moreover, individual engagement appears to be dependent on the involvement of other members from the own ethnic group, which points to emphases on bonding social networks in the presence of violence. Finally, in conflict regions, the wealthier households are more likely to engage into cooperative and infrastructure improvement activities, while they are dropping from security groups. On the contrary, the poorest households get more involved in social service activities and less in infrastructure groups. Our results illustrate the danger of generalizations when dealing with violence impact on community activities. We found a large variety of responses depending on the considered activity and its expected economic or social function. We also found large observed and unobserved individual heterogeneities of the effect of violent conflict on activity participation. Once an appropriate nomenclature of activities is used and intensive controls for observed and unobserved heterogeneity are performed, we found that some activities can actually be stimulated by conflict situations. In this respect, the ethnic configuration of society seems to be central in understanding this type of social capital building.
Group Violence, Ethnic Diversity, and Citizen Participation: Evidence from Indonesia
No full textThis paper addresses the impact of violent conflict on social capital, as measured by citizen anticipation in community groups defined for four activity types: governance, social service, infrastructure development and risk-sharing. Combining household panel data from Indonesia with conflict event information, we find an overall decrease in citizen contributions in districts affected by group violence in the early post-Suharto transition period. However, participation in communities with a high degree of ethnic polarization is less strongly affected and even stimulated for local governance and risk-sharing activities. Moreover, individual engagement appears to be dependent on the involvement of other members from the own ethnic group, which points to emphases on bonding social networks in the presence of violence. Finally, in conflict regions, the wealthier households are more likely to engage into cooperative and infrastructure improvement activities, while they are dropping from security groups. On the contrary, the poorest households get more involved in social service activities and less in infrastructure groups. Our results illustrate the danger of generalizations when dealing with violence impact on community activities. We found a large variety of responses depending on the considered activity and its expected economic or social function. We also found large observed and unobserved individual heterogeneities of the effect of violent conflict on activity participation. Once an appropriate nomenclature of activities is used and intensive controls for observed and unobserved heterogeneity are performed, we found that some activities can actually be stimulated by conflict situations. In this respect, the ethnic configuration of society seems to be central in understanding this type of social capital building.Violent Conflict, Citizen Participation, Local Public Goods
