137 research outputs found
Retention or omission of the ne in advanced French interlanguage: The variable effect of extralinguistic factors
No full textThis article considers inter-individual variation in omission rates of the pre-verbal particle ne in 991 negations produced in conversations between 73
native an non-native speakers of French. It appears that both endogenous
an exogenous extralinguistic factors are linked to omission rates of ne. Whereas age and gender were found to have little effect, the degree of extraversion of the speaker, the frequency of use of French and the native/non-native
status of the speakers were correlated with omission rates. Among the exogenous factors it appeared that the composition of the dyad was linked to
omission rates: non-native speakers interacting with native speakers omitted
the ne more frequently than the non-native speakers in conversation with
other non-native speakers. The theoretical implications of these findings are
discussed
Histoire et emplois de l’alinéa ouvrant en diachronie (xiiie-xviie siècles)
No full textCette étude est consacrée à l’examen de la théorie de l’alinéa exposée par Roger Laufer dans ses publications des années 1980, théorie jusqu’à ce jour considérée comme fondatrice des études de ponctuation textuelle. Au vu des livres imprimés au dix-septième siècle, et non plus tôt, R. Laufer fait l’hypothèse que l’histoire de l’alinéa commence par l’émergence de l’alinéa ouvrant dans les genres administratif et argumentatif, et que celui-ci ne s’étend que tardivement à la littérature narrative en prose ; il en donne pour exemple les contes de fées et les romans par lettres. Or les manuscrits des treizième, quatorzième et quinzième siècles (Chrétien de Troyes, Jean de Joinville et Jean Froissart) de grandes œuvres narratives en prose montrent qu’elles sont dès le début découpées en paragraphes dont certains présentent les mêmes caractéristiques de format et de contenu que les paragraphes de littérature moderne et contemporaine. Le remplacement massif des lettrines médiévales par des lettres d’attente, puis des lettres d’attente par des alinéas ouvrants dans les incunables des années 1470-1480 touche également tous les genres de textes. Contrairement à l’hypothèse de R. Laufer, l’alinéation de la littérature n’est pas en retard par rapport à celle des textes non narratifs et l’absence d’alinéas dans les contes de fées et les romans par lettres doit recevoir une autre explication liée non pas au genre textuel mais au genre sexuel : les genres sans alinéas sont des genres (faussement) attribués à des femmes, depuis ma Mère l’Oye jusqu’à la religieuse portugaise. Faire semblant d’être une femme, c’est ignorer les alinéas pour faire croire que l’auteur n’a aucune compétence éditoriale, cette dernière étant réservée aux hommes. La prise en compte du double versant de l’alinéa, non seulement ouvrant mais aussi fermant, permet de faire le lien avec la division paragraphique antique et médiévale des textes, et d’identifier dans la non-alinéation des textes narratifs un procédé littéraire. Autrement dit, l’absence d’alinéa marque la présence d’un procédé, et non l’inverse.The subject of this paper is the theory of the alinea (paragraph opening and closing marks) outlined by Prof. Roger Laufer in his publications between 1980 and 1990, a theory that in France is still today considered as foundational to textual punctuation studies. Examining printed French books of the seventeenth century and no earlier, R. Laufer makes the assumption that the story of the alinea begins with the emergence of the opening alinea in administrative and argumentative genres, and that it only extends later to narrative literary prose, giving fairy tales and epistolary novels as examples. Nevertheless, the manuscripts of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries (Chrestien de Troyes, Jean de Joinville and Jean Froissart) of great French narrative works in prose show that these texts are from the beginning cut into paragraphs, some of which have the same format and content characteristics as paragraphs of modern and contemporary literature. The massive replacement of medieval initial caps with “lettres d’attente”, then of “lettres d’attente” with opening alineas in the incunabula in the years 1470-1480 equally affects all kinds of texts. Thus, contrary to R. Laufer’s hypothesis, the alinea in literature is not late compared to non-narrative texts and the absence of alineas in fairy tales and novels by letters must receive another explanation related not to the textual genre but to the sexual gender: they are genres (falsely) attributed to women, from ma Mère l’Oye to the Portuguese nun. To pretend to be a woman is to delete the alineas to give the impression that the author has no editing competence, which is reserved for men. Taking into account the double aspect of the alinea, used not only for opening but also for closing paragraphs, allows a link to be made with ancient and medieval paragraph division and allows the identification of a literary device in the non-paragraph of the narrative texts. In other words, the absence of alinea marks the presence of a device, instead of the other way round
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-3-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 - International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-3-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 for International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action by Donald J. Meuten, Frances M. Moore, Taryn A. Donovan, Christof A. Bertram, Robert Klopfleisch, Robert A. Foster, Rebecca C. Smedley, Michael J. Dark, Milan Milovancev, Paul Stromberg, Bruce H. Williams, Marc Aubreville, Giancarlo Avallone, Pompei Bolfa, John Cullen, Michelle M. Dennis, Michael Goldschmidt, Richard Luong, Andrew D. Miller, Margaret A. Miller, John S. Munday, Paola Roccabianca, Elisa N. Salas, F. Yvonne Schulman, Renee Laufer-Amorim, Midori G. Asakawa, Linden Craig, Nick Dervisis, D. Glen Esplin, Jeanne W. George, Marlene Hauck, Yumiko Kagawa, Matti Kiupel, Keith Linder, Kristina Meichner, Laura Marconato, Michelle L. Oblak, Renato L. Santos, R. Mark Simpson, Harold Tvedten and Derick Whitley in Veterinary Pathology</p
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-5-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 - International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-5-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 for International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action by Donald J. Meuten, Frances M. Moore, Taryn A. Donovan, Christof A. Bertram, Robert Klopfleisch, Robert A. Foster, Rebecca C. Smedley, Michael J. Dark, Milan Milovancev, Paul Stromberg, Bruce H. Williams, Marc Aubreville, Giancarlo Avallone, Pompei Bolfa, John Cullen, Michelle M. Dennis, Michael Goldschmidt, Richard Luong, Andrew D. Miller, Margaret A. Miller, John S. Munday, Paola Roccabianca, Elisa N. Salas, F. Yvonne Schulman, Renee Laufer-Amorim, Midori G. Asakawa, Linden Craig, Nick Dervisis, D. Glen Esplin, Jeanne W. George, Marlene Hauck, Yumiko Kagawa, Matti Kiupel, Keith Linder, Kristina Meichner, Laura Marconato, Michelle L. Oblak, Renato L. Santos, R. Mark Simpson, Harold Tvedten and Derick Whitley in Veterinary Pathology</p
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-11-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 - International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-11-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 for International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action by Donald J. Meuten, Frances M. Moore, Taryn A. Donovan, Christof A. Bertram, Robert Klopfleisch, Robert A. Foster, Rebecca C. Smedley, Michael J. Dark, Milan Milovancev, Paul Stromberg, Bruce H. Williams, Marc Aubreville, Giancarlo Avallone, Pompei Bolfa, John Cullen, Michelle M. Dennis, Michael Goldschmidt, Richard Luong, Andrew D. Miller, Margaret A. Miller, John S. Munday, Paola Roccabianca, Elisa N. Salas, F. Yvonne Schulman, Renee Laufer-Amorim, Midori G. Asakawa, Linden Craig, Nick Dervisis, D. Glen Esplin, Jeanne W. George, Marlene Hauck, Yumiko Kagawa, Matti Kiupel, Keith Linder, Kristina Meichner, Laura Marconato, Michelle L. Oblak, Renato L. Santos, R. Mark Simpson, Harold Tvedten and Derick Whitley in Veterinary Pathology</p
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-6-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 - International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-6-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 for International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action by Donald J. Meuten, Frances M. Moore, Taryn A. Donovan, Christof A. Bertram, Robert Klopfleisch, Robert A. Foster, Rebecca C. Smedley, Michael J. Dark, Milan Milovancev, Paul Stromberg, Bruce H. Williams, Marc Aubreville, Giancarlo Avallone, Pompei Bolfa, John Cullen, Michelle M. Dennis, Michael Goldschmidt, Richard Luong, Andrew D. Miller, Margaret A. Miller, John S. Munday, Paola Roccabianca, Elisa N. Salas, F. Yvonne Schulman, Renee Laufer-Amorim, Midori G. Asakawa, Linden Craig, Nick Dervisis, D. Glen Esplin, Jeanne W. George, Marlene Hauck, Yumiko Kagawa, Matti Kiupel, Keith Linder, Kristina Meichner, Laura Marconato, Michelle L. Oblak, Renato L. Santos, R. Mark Simpson, Harold Tvedten and Derick Whitley in Veterinary Pathology</p
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-4-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 - International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-4-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 for International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action by Donald J. Meuten, Frances M. Moore, Taryn A. Donovan, Christof A. Bertram, Robert Klopfleisch, Robert A. Foster, Rebecca C. Smedley, Michael J. Dark, Milan Milovancev, Paul Stromberg, Bruce H. Williams, Marc Aubreville, Giancarlo Avallone, Pompei Bolfa, John Cullen, Michelle M. Dennis, Michael Goldschmidt, Richard Luong, Andrew D. Miller, Margaret A. Miller, John S. Munday, Paola Roccabianca, Elisa N. Salas, F. Yvonne Schulman, Renee Laufer-Amorim, Midori G. Asakawa, Linden Craig, Nick Dervisis, D. Glen Esplin, Jeanne W. George, Marlene Hauck, Yumiko Kagawa, Matti Kiupel, Keith Linder, Kristina Meichner, Laura Marconato, Michelle L. Oblak, Renato L. Santos, R. Mark Simpson, Harold Tvedten and Derick Whitley in Veterinary Pathology</p
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-12-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 - International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-12-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 for International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action by Donald J. Meuten, Frances M. Moore, Taryn A. Donovan, Christof A. Bertram, Robert Klopfleisch, Robert A. Foster, Rebecca C. Smedley, Michael J. Dark, Milan Milovancev, Paul Stromberg, Bruce H. Williams, Marc Aubreville, Giancarlo Avallone, Pompei Bolfa, John Cullen, Michelle M. Dennis, Michael Goldschmidt, Richard Luong, Andrew D. Miller, Margaret A. Miller, John S. Munday, Paola Roccabianca, Elisa N. Salas, F. Yvonne Schulman, Renee Laufer-Amorim, Midori G. Asakawa, Linden Craig, Nick Dervisis, D. Glen Esplin, Jeanne W. George, Marlene Hauck, Yumiko Kagawa, Matti Kiupel, Keith Linder, Kristina Meichner, Laura Marconato, Michelle L. Oblak, Renato L. Santos, R. Mark Simpson, Harold Tvedten and Derick Whitley in Veterinary Pathology</p
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-10-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 - International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-10-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 for International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action by Donald J. Meuten, Frances M. Moore, Taryn A. Donovan, Christof A. Bertram, Robert Klopfleisch, Robert A. Foster, Rebecca C. Smedley, Michael J. Dark, Milan Milovancev, Paul Stromberg, Bruce H. Williams, Marc Aubreville, Giancarlo Avallone, Pompei Bolfa, John Cullen, Michelle M. Dennis, Michael Goldschmidt, Richard Luong, Andrew D. Miller, Margaret A. Miller, John S. Munday, Paola Roccabianca, Elisa N. Salas, F. Yvonne Schulman, Renee Laufer-Amorim, Midori G. Asakawa, Linden Craig, Nick Dervisis, D. Glen Esplin, Jeanne W. George, Marlene Hauck, Yumiko Kagawa, Matti Kiupel, Keith Linder, Kristina Meichner, Laura Marconato, Michelle L. Oblak, Renato L. Santos, R. Mark Simpson, Harold Tvedten and Derick Whitley in Veterinary Pathology</p
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-2-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 - International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-2-vet-10.1177_03009858211013712 for International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action by Donald J. Meuten, Frances M. Moore, Taryn A. Donovan, Christof A. Bertram, Robert Klopfleisch, Robert A. Foster, Rebecca C. Smedley, Michael J. Dark, Milan Milovancev, Paul Stromberg, Bruce H. Williams, Marc Aubreville, Giancarlo Avallone, Pompei Bolfa, John Cullen, Michelle M. Dennis, Michael Goldschmidt, Richard Luong, Andrew D. Miller, Margaret A. Miller, John S. Munday, Paola Roccabianca, Elisa N. Salas, F. Yvonne Schulman, Renee Laufer-Amorim, Midori G. Asakawa, Linden Craig, Nick Dervisis, D. Glen Esplin, Jeanne W. George, Marlene Hauck, Yumiko Kagawa, Matti Kiupel, Keith Linder, Kristina Meichner, Laura Marconato, Michelle L. Oblak, Renato L. Santos, R. Mark Simpson, Harold Tvedten and Derick Whitley in Veterinary Pathology</p
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