12,093 research outputs found
This is breaking people: human rights violations at Australia’s asylum seeker processing centre on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea
No full textThis report argues that asylum seekers detained at Australia\u27s asylum seeker processing centre on Manus Island experience degrading conditions and serious human rights violations.Introduction and summaryFleeing war, chilling acts of torture, threats of death, or profound discrimination, many asylum seekers make the desperate decision to undertake a perilous ocean voyage from Indonesia and other countries, including Sri Lanka, to Australia.In response, Australia agreed with Papua New Guinea to reopen an offshore processing facility on Manus, a remote island located 800 kilometres to the north of the capital, Port Moresby. In November 2012, it began sending asylum seekers from Christmas Island, an Australian territory south of the Indonesian island of Java, to the Manus Island facility, over 4,800 kilometres away.Australia then announced on 19 July 2013 that all asylum seekers arriving in its territory by boat would, if they establish that they are refugees, be resettled in Papua New Guinea, not Australia.But for its relative proximity to Australia, Papua New Guinea is not an obvious choice for refugee processing or resettlement. It is an impoverished country with high rates of unemployment, serious problems with violence—particularly against women—and a general intolerance for outsiders. Police abuse is rampant. It has a poor track record of protecting the limited numbers of refugees it has received to date. The prospects of successfully integrating larger numbers of refugees from a greater variety of cultures and faiths are dim.Nevertheless, Australia and Papua New Guinea moved immediately to implement the agreement.A host of human rights violationsNearly five months into the new policy, it is clear that the Regional Resettlement Arrangement has resulted in a host of human rights violations:The combination of detention practices, the many unknowns about the Refugee Status Determination process and timetable, and the lack of real options for meaningful integration into Papua New Guinea society combine to create a serious risk of refoulement, the return of individuals to places where their lives or freedom is likely to be threatened or where they are at risk of torture and other ill-treatment. Asylum seekers are detained in the absence of any individualised assessment of the need for detention, with no definite date for their release, apparently without any framework in Papua New Guinea law for their detention, and no clear means to seek review of the lawfulness of their detention. The result is arbitrary detention, prohibited by customary international law and by treaties to which both Australia and Papua New Guinea are party. Contrary to international law, the Regional Resettlement Arrangement with Papua New Guinea discriminates against asylum seekers on the basis of their means and date of arrival, treats as suspect all asylum seekers who arrive by boat, and penalises them for their manner of arrival. The marked inadequacies of Papua New Guinea’s Refugee Status Determination processes are such that they fail to afford asylum seekers the procedural protections that are required under international law. Aspects of detention on Manus Island violate the obligation to treat all persons in detention humanely. The combined effect of the conditions of detention on Manus Island, the open-ended nature of that detention, and the uncertainty about their fates to which detainees are subjected amounts to cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment. Moreover, some conditions of detention, particularly the housing of detainees in P Dorm, on their own violate the prohibition on torture and other ill-treatment. Australia is responsible for these violations because it has effective power and control over the detention of asylum seekers on Manus Island. Its authorities intercept and apprehend asylum seekers who arrive in Australia by boat. These asylum seekers are detained on Australian territory before they are transferred to Papua New Guinea by security guards acting under the direction of DIBP. DIBP contracts the security guards, health providers, and other service providers who work in the Manus Island Regional Processing Centre. In fact, under the terms of the agreement between Australia and Papua New Guinea, Australia bears all the costs of implementing the Regional Resettlement Arrangement in Papua New Guinea.Papua New Guinea, in turn, is also responsible for the human rights violations that take place in the course of implementing the Regional Resettlement Arrangement. It has accepted formal custody of asylum seekers, who are detained in Papua New Guinea and are subject to Papua New Guinea’s laws. It has done so without the capacity to process their cases fairly and in a timely way, without clear plans for how those found to be refugees will be integrated into local communities, and without obvious prospects for remedying those serious shortcomings in the foreseeable future
This is still breaking people: update on human rights violations at Australia’s asylum seeker processing centre on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea
No full textAbstract: There appears to have been little or no effort by the Australian and Papua New Guinean governments to address the recommendations in Amnesty International’s December 2013 report, This is Breaking People. The primary concerns around arbitrary and indefinite detention and lack of clear plans for processing and resettlement of asylum seekers remain unaddressed and are fuelling widespread anxiety and despair among detainees. Amnesty International remains concerned about overcrowding. Furthermore, not a single refugee assessment has been made in more than 18 months since the centre was first opened
Evolution of cooperation among tumor cells
No full textThe evolution of cooperation has a well established theoretical framework based on game theory. This approach has made valuable contributions to a wide variety of disciplines, including political science, economics, and evolutionary biology. Existing cancer theory suggests that individual clones of cancer cells evolve independently from one another, acquiring all of the genetic traits or hallmarks necessary to form a malignant tumor. It is also now recognized that tumors are heterotypic, with cancer cells interacting with normal stromal cells within the issue microenvironment, including endothelial, stromal, and nerve cells. This tumor cell???stromal cell interaction in itself is a form of commensalism, because it has been demonstrated that these nonmalignant cells support and even enable tumor growth. Here, we add to this theory by regarding tumor cells as game players whose interactions help to determine their Darwinian fitness. We marshal evidence that tumor cells overcome certain host defenses by means of diffusible products. Our original contribution is to raise the possibility that two nearby cells can protect each other from a set of host defenses that neither could survive alone. Cooperation can evolve as byproduct mutualism among genetically diverse tumor cells. Our hypothesis supplements, but does not supplant, the traditional view of carcinogenesis in which one clonal population of cells develops all of the necessary genetic traits independently to form a tumor. Cooperation through the sharing of diffusible products raises new questions about tumorigenesis and has implications for understanding observed phenomena, designing new experiments, and developing new therapeutic approaches.Author manuscript. Published in final edited form as: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 September 5; 103(36): 13474-13479.The final published version of this article is located at: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0606053103NIH U56 CA113004; to David E. AxelrodR.A. was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant SES-0240852. D.E.A. was supported by NSF Grant IIS-0312953, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant U56 CA113004, and New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research Grant 1076-CCR-SO. K.J.P. is an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor and is supported by NIH Grants CA69568, CA102872, and CA093900.NIH CA69568; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA102872; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA093900; to Kenneth J. PientaNSF SES-0240852; to Robert AxelrodNJ Commission on Cancer Research 1076-CCR-SO; to David E. AxelrodAlso available in PubMed Central. PMCID: PMC155738
The Arts Interview. Dr. David Pitt : The Truant Years, E. J. Pratt
No full textHost Fred Hollingshurst interviews Dr. David Pitt of Memorial University, who discusses the life and work of Newfoundland poet E. J. Pratt. Pitt is the author of E. J. Pratt: The Truant Years, 1881-1927
Incident at the Manus Island Detention Centre from 16 February to 18 February 2014
No full textAn investigation by the Senate Legal and Constitutional Affairs References Committee into the criminal assaults perpetrated against individuals detained at the Manus Island Regional Processing Centre during the events of 16 to 18 February 2014.
Referral of the inquiry
On 5 March 2014, the Senate referred the following matter to the Legal and Constitutional Affairs References Committee for inquiry and report by 26 June 2014:
An inquiry into the incident at the Manus Island Detention Centre from 16 February to 18 February 2014, with particular reference to:
(a) the chronology of events;
(b) the sequence of events and factors that gave cause to the incident;
(c) the sequence of events that led to , and the cause of, Reza Berati\u27s death;
(d) contractor, subcontractor and service provider involvement and response;
(e) Department of Immigration and Border Protection involvement and response;
(f) Papua New Guinean pol ice, military and civilian involvement and response;
(g) the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection\u27s conduct before, during and after the incident;
(h) protocols and procedures observed by agencies in the detention centre;
(i) any documents, including incident reports and emails as well as briefings involving staff, employees, contractors and subcontractors involved in or responding to the incident;
(j) any communications between the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection and the Government of Papua New Guinea, the Department of Immigration and Border Protection, contractors, sub-contractors and service providers regarding the incident; (k) the Australian Government\u27 s duty of care obligations and responsibilities;
(l) refugee status determination processing and resettlement arrangements in Papua New Guinea; and
(m) any other related matters
Fly about round me coursing, swallow sweet birds come near [first line]
No full textstrophicpiano and voiceCover is duplicated in 125.115b.Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
125, Item 115aTranslated From the French of Volney L'Hotelier by Samuel J. Gardner, Esq. The Music by Felicien David (Author of "Le Desert").E.G. Warren, Engr
Fly about round me coursing, swallow sweet birds come near [first line]
No full textstrophicpiano and voiceCover is duplicated in 125.115b.Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
125, Item 115aTranslated From the French of Volney L'Hotelier by Samuel J. Gardner, Esq. The Music by Felicien David (Author of "Le Desert").E.G. Warren, Engr
Interview with David Dunn on the subject of bark beetle sounds
No full textAnimaliaArthropodaInsectaColeopteraCompressed from .wav format into .mp3 delivery formatComposer and recording engineer David Dunn describes his recordings of bark beetles in New Mexico, and some of the possible causes and consequences of bark beetle infestations devastating pine forests throughout the WestSounds were recorded using a modified transducer inserted into the bark of the tree, and are taken with permission of the author from the compact disc "The Sound of Light in Trees" produced by David Dunn in collaboration with the Acoustic Ecology Institute. Scientists say that bark beetle populations are increasing in large part because of increased drought and milder winters due to global warming
Unsung Hero of Gettysburg: The Story of Union General David McMurtrie Gregg
No full textReviewer David J. Eicher writes that Longacre presents a “fine narrative,” in which the author weaves stories of the general’s personal life together with battle scenes that “are interesting and move along at a fast pace.” Longacre “clearly admires his subject,” Eicher writes, but the work “is not without offering criticism.” With Unsung Hero of Gettysburg, the general “has finally received a biography that delivers the details of a soldier’s full and interesting life,” over a century after Gregg’s death
Should i publish in an open access journal?
No full textAn “author pays” publishing model is the only fair way to make biomedical research findings accessible to all, say Matthew Kurien and David S Sanders, but James J Ashton and R Mark Beattie worry that it can lead to bias in the evidence base towards commercially driven results
- …
