112 research outputs found
A Study on Swetha Kuttam
No full textAIM AND OBJECTIVES:
AIM :
About 20 to 30% problems in human being pertain to dermatology, lot of interest has been developed in this field. Hence this study was carried out with an intention to study the “Swethakuttam” in various aspects with modern comparison and to formulate an apt treatment that would be given to the patient through Siddha Medicine.
OBJECTIVES:
This Scientific work on Swethakuttam was carried out to assess:
1. The incidence of this disease with age, gender, occupation, social, status diet, seasonal variation.
2. To collect the review of the disease dealing with definition, etiology, classification, signs and symptoms, prognosis, treatment and diet for Swethakuttam.
3. To correlate the signs and symptoms of Swethakuttam with that of modern science.
4. To expose siddha diagnostic principles.
5. To find out the quality safety and efficacy of the trail drug by doing
- Chemical Analysis
- Acute and sub acute toxicity Studies
- Pharmacological Studies
6. To find out the side effect or adverse reactions if any,
7. To Evaluate the Clinical efficacy of trail drugs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The clinical study of Swatha Kuttam was carried out in post graduate department of Maruthuvam, Govt. Siddha Medical College, attached to Arignar Anna Hospital, Arumbakkam, Chennai – 600 106.
Selection of Cases:
The population consists of all patients with Swatha Kuttam (completely depigmented or hypopigmented patches without any structural change in the skin) satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria mentioned below.
Sample Size:
The trial size will be 40 patients. (Both Male and Female).
Data Collections:
Literary evidence collected from various
• Siddha Literature.
• Books on Modern medicines.
• Medical Journals.
• Internet.
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Age between 10 to 55 years,
2. Willing to give specimen of blood for investigation when required,
3. Willing to attend OPD once in 15 days for 3 months,
4. Hypoopigmental patches,
5. Patient having white or pink coloured patches.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Patients of Jaundice,
2. Hypopigmented patches of leprosy and burns,
3. Connective tissue disorders,
4. Heart ailments are not eligible for this trial,
5. Fungal infection,
6. Worm infestation.
SUMMARY:
Swetha kuttam has been chosen for the dissertation work by the author.
Various literatures dealing with swetha kuttam have been collected from siddha
and modern text books.
40 patients of both sexes, various adult age groups satisfying the inclusion and
exclusion criteria were selected. All necessary investigation was done for them and photographs of the lesions were taken.
A day before starting the trial treatment, patients are given for neutralizing the mukkutram by purgation Agasthiyar kuzhambu 100mg early morning with hot water. All the patients were treated with trial medicines which are,
1. Puvarasampattai kudineer choornam,
2. Nuna thylam.
The result obtained from the studies are summarized below Male 26 (65%), were affected more than female 14 (35%). The cases were noted in the age group ranging from 10-55 yrs.
Middle classes 52.5% and lower 37.5% were more affected than upper classes 10%.
High incidence of swetha kuttam are found in neithal thinai 72.5% and muthuvenil kaalam 47.5%.
On examination of uyir thathukkal the following were deranged in more number of cases.
In vatham : Viyanan 25%, and koorman were affected 12.5%.
In pitham : Prasagam 100%, ranjagam 100%, alosagam 12. 5% were affected.
In kapham : Avalambagam 5%, santhigam 37.5% was affected.
In udal kattugal: Saaram 100%, seneer 100%, and enbu 25% were affected.
In envagai thervu: Naa 12.5%, niram 100%, vizhi 12.5%, malam 12.5% were affected.
Among the 40 patients responding to the trial medicines, 33 patients showed improvement which has been noted as appearance of chormous repigmented spots in affected areas. The rest of 7 patients had slight repigmentation.
Among 3 patients 2 of them had improvement in the colour change of the hair from gray or white to normal colour of the hair.
The chemical studies of the trial drugs possess, Iron, Zinc, Sugar Calcium, Potassium, Chloride.
The drug is also subjected to pharmacological and toxicological tests in rats as models. The results revealed that the drug had very effective results. There were no signs of toxicities that could be judged by the absence of undesirable clinical manifestations.
The bio-statistical report of the clinical trial shows significant result.
CONCLUSION:
Swetha kuttam may occur due to various causes and it leads to mental stress and strain.hence,it is one of the cause of psychosomatic disorder. when the trial drug Puvarasampattai kudineer choornam (int), with Nuna thylum (ext) were administered to the swetha kuttam patients, it showed improvement in varying degrees in all the cases.
• In Swetha Kuttam Pitha Kutram is affected. The affected kuttram is neutralized by thuvarppu suvai. Thereby the trial medicine puvarasampattai kudinner choornam having the thuvarppu suvai acts on Ethirurai to cure the discease.
• In Chemical Analysis the trial medicine contain Iron, it is very essential to induce erythropoiesis.
• From the pharmacological study puvarasampattai kudineer choornam increase the haemoglobin level.
• The puvarasampattai kudineer choornam does not produce any toxicity in preclinically. so it is non-toxic and safe drug for swetha kuttam.
• No adverse effects were noticed during treatment period. The ingredient of puvarasampattai kudineer choornam of plant easily available and harmless
to human being.
From this clinical studies, I conclude that the trial medicines which gives a 60% of improvement within minimum of 45 days to maximum of 90 days of treatment. further continuation of this medications for prolonged period of time may give complete cure in swetha kuttam
Measurement of T1ρ dispersion with compressed sensing and magnetization prepared radial balanced steady-state free precession in spontaneous human osteoarthritis
No full textThis dataset contains key analysis and plotting scripts, data, and sample images. Measurement of T1ρ dispersion with compressed sensing and magnetization prepared radial balanced steady-state free precession in spontaneous human osteoarthritis Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Journal | DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30206 § Swetha Pala(1), § Antti Paajanen(1), Aapo Ristaniemi(1), Ervin Nippolainen(1), Isaac O. Afara(1), Olli Nykänen (1), Mikko J. Nissi (1*) 1Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland §Shared authorship *Corresponding author Mikko J. Nissi Department of Technical Physics University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Finland POB 1627 70211 Kuopio [email protected] +358-50-5955517 Keywords: Quantitative MRI, T1ρ relaxation, T1ρ dispersion, Compressed-sensing, radial acquisition. Included folders and files are: - Article_figures: all figures published in the manuscript (.eps format) - Data: MRI data files from 27 human cadaver samples with subfolders and files: - Human samples data: raw data files, along with generic analysis ROIs, zone divison inside specific samples folder, and within the parameter related data folder there are smaple specific analysis ROIs, computed profiles per spin lock amplitude. - CS reconstructed data files: - DataTables_used_for_analysis: Contains data tables per AF and reference data used for data analysis - Scripts: Matlab functions used for data processing and T1ρ computation, aedes plugins, and data analysis with subfolders and files: - Aedes_plugins: Plugins for aedes (http://aedes.uef.fi) for calculation of profiles from ROI. - Data analysis: Key scripts used for analysis and plotting. - Common functions: Some common functions that are required by the scripts/plugins. - README.txt: this file describing the contents of the dataset. See more info in separate readme files included in sub-folders. (Swetha Pala, 02 July 2024
CHILDHOOD LINEAR GROWTH VELOCITY IN THE PLAINS (TARAI) OF NEPAL : PATTERNS AND RISK FACTORS
No full textBackground: High rates of undernutrition endure in Nepal. Measuring linear growth faltering using attained growth measures defined as height-for-age fails to reveal the biologically critical process of faltering that leads to stunting for which measures of growth velocity are better suited and for which no reference exists at annual increments throughout the preschool age range.
Objective: To characterize and compare attained growth (height and weight) of children from the plains (Tarai) of Nepal to that of their global counterparts. To derive a novel annualized linear velocity reference curve for preschool aged chilren using extant reference curves, against which to estimate patterns of linear growth faltering. Finally, to assess antecedent risk factors for growth faltering in age-stratified analyses.
Methods: Children 0-71 months of age residing in 21 wards within 7 Village Development Committees that were systematically randomly selected from the Tarai, were included in the study. Households were visited annually between 2013- 2016 when child anthropmetry was measured and interviews conducted. To evaluate attained growth, linear mixed models with cubic restricted spline terms were used and estimates were contrasted against the WHO Growth Standards. Linear restricted cubic spline models were computed to produce the age- and sex- reference curves. Growth faltering was defined using computed linear growth velocity z-scores (LGVZ) and a cutoff of LGVZ<-2 over a 1 year period. To assess risk factors, cluster-adjusted multivariate logistic models evaluated the odds of growth faltering for risk factors assessed at each annualized growth interval for the interval intiating ages <6, 6-11, 12-23, 24-35, 36-47 and 48-59 months.
Results: Attained growth of Nepali children when compared to the WHO standard curve was close but below the median in early infancy and continued to fall until 24 months of age for height-for-age (HAZ) and ~ 12 months of age for z-scores for both weight-for-height and weight-for-age. Z-score distributions by sex were remarkably similar. Consistency in the prevalence of stunting in children under-five years of age was evident between 2013- 2016 (~35%) while the prevalence of wasting minimally decreased each year to 18% in 2016. The modeled LGV reference curves reflected expected patterns of growth, with a monotonic decreasing trend as children aged. Expressed as LGVZ-scores, departure from the reference median was marked for both sexes, with the percentage faltering being 31.1%, 28.6%, 29.3%, 6.7%, 6.2%, and 6.2% among children WHO standard median, a WHZ< WHO standard median and maternal short stature were revealed as consistent risk factors, regardless of age, associated with an increased odds of faltering across almost all age groups. The only community level factor that revealed a consistent inverse relationship with the odds of faltering was the presence of paved roads in the child’s community.
Conclusions: Use of a novel linear velocity reference and proposed definition of growth faltering (LGVZ < -2) offer a way for programs to identify poor growth of young children irrespective of their attained HAZ. Recalcitrant undernutrition prevails in the Tarai, noted to be the breadbasket of Nepal, with unacceptably high wasting prevalence of ~20% and ~30% linear growth faltering during first 2 years of life. Findings suggest that girls are at a higher risk of early life faltering, and that linear growth faltering is closely associated with low weight-for-height. Intergenerational links are revealed with short maternal stature featuring as a prominent risk factor. Regular growth monitoring allowing for velocity computation coupled with identifying risk factors prior to a year of low growth velocity presents opportunities for identification of children at risk of linear growth faltering prior to its occurrence
A Scoping Review of (in)Equitable Research Practices in Interdisciplinary Agriculture, Nutrition, and Health research
No full textIn this study we will conduct a scoping review of equity issues faced by researchers along the research continuum who conduct interdisciplinary research exploring linkages between agriculture-nutrition-health in order to address issues of food insecurity, malnutrition and related poor health outcomes
Using flux balance analysis to predict methyl-mercury production by sulfate reducing bacteria
No full textMercury (Hg) is a heavy liquid metal with high volatility. Elemental mercury can be transported around the globe and cause environmental and health problems. The primary anthropogenic sources of Hg in our atmosphere are from mining and burning fossil fuels. When Hg from the atmosphere gets deposited on the earth's surface, microorganisms biotransform it into methylmercury. Methylmercury (Me-Hg) is a potent neurotoxin and can bioaccumulate through aquatic food chains. A simulation model that can predict Me-Hg production by microorganisms could improve quantification and potentially aid in developing management strategies. Me-Hg production is carried out by anaerobic microorganisms and the production rate depends on the molecule bound to Hg. Hence working with Hg is challenging and measuring production rates is time consuming and requires the use of sophisticated equipment. Studies have shown that sulfate-reducing bacteria are major contributors in the production of Me-Hg. The sulfate-reducing microorganism Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ND 132 was used to study the rates of Me Hg when exposed to different Hg (II) concentrations. ND 132 is an organism with a hypothesized metabolic pathway for Hg methylation, and it was used to determine Hg methylation kinetics. Based on lab studies with pure cultures of ND 132, a flux balance, a mathematical approach for analyzing the flow of metabolites through a metabolic network, was developed. The resulting simulation model attempts to predict Hg methylation rates for pure culture samples and Me-Hg concentrations for environmental samples. This simplified simulation model could help with rapid quantification and hence faster management and remediation of harmful mercury emissions and depositions.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Swetha Kumar Kasett
Polyhedral optimizations of RNA-RNA interaction computations
No full text2017 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Studying RNA-RNA interaction has led to major successes in the treatment of some cancers, including colon, breast and pancreatic cancer by suppressing the gene expression involved in the development of these diseases. The problem with such programs is that they are computationally and memory intensive: O(N4) space and O(N6) time complexity. Moreover, the entire application is complicated, and involves many mutually recursive data variables. We address the problem of speeding up a surrogate kernel (named OSPSQ) that captures the main dependence pattern found in two widely used RNA-RNA interaction applications IRIS and piRNA. The structure of the OSPSQ kernel perfectly fits the constraints of the polyhedral model, a well-developed technology for optimizing codes that belong to many specialized domains. However, the current state-of-the-art automatic polyhedral tools do not significantly improve the performance of the baseline implementation of OSPSQ. With simple techniques like loop permutation and skewing, we achieve an average of 17x sequential and 31x parallel speedup on a standard modern multi-core platform (Intel Broadwell, E5-1650v4). This performance represents 75% and 88% of attainable single-core and multi-core L1 bandwidth. For further performance improvement, we describe how to tile all six dimensions and also formulate the associated memory trade-off. In the future, we plan to implement these tiling strategies, explore the performance of the code for various tile sizes and optimize the whole piRNA application
High pressure assisted infusion of phytochemical antioxidants into fruits: influence of process parameters and mechanistic insights
No full textHigh hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing has been shown to infuse small size molecules into food materials much faster than does osmosis-based transport. The accepted mechanism is that HHP permeabilizes cells which increases the mass diffusivity of the food matrix. Hence, infusion is enhanced when foods are treated under high pressure. In this study we investigated, using a model system, HHP driven infusion of quercetin into cranberries. The main objectives of the study were to test whether enhanced infusion of quercetin can be achieved using HHP and to test whether the commonly accepted mechanism of cell permeabilization is operative in this model system. Two systems were used in this study - fresh cranberries, cells of which are intact and frozen-thawed cranberries, cells of which get permeabilized during freeze-thawing process. Under HHP, infusion of quercetin was enhanced, compared to infusion at ambient conditions (control), in both fresh and frozen-thawed cranberries. While the amount of quercetin infused under pressure was 3-5 times that in control, it was independent of the applied pressure in a broad range (5-551 MPa). Low pressure of 5 MPa was sufficient to cause enhanced infusion in frozen-thawed cranberries. Furthermore, pressure cycling treatment (2 cycles and 5 cycles) significantly increased the amount of quercetin infused. Unlike other studies, no additional cell permeabilization was observed in frozen-thawed cranberries after HHP, although amount infused was higher. This result suggested that the commonly accepted mechanism of cell permeabilization may not be the only cause of enhanced infusion. Additionally, while both fresh and frozen-thawed cranberries showed similar cell-membrane permeability after HHP, fresh cranberries had about two times greater amount of infused-quercetin than in frozen-thawed cranberries after HHP. If cell-membrane rupture were the only mechanism of infusion, then the amount infused into both, fresh and frozen-thawed cranberries, should have been equal. These results suggest that HHP infusion is not just cell-permeabilization based but may be caused by pressure driven flow (Darcy flow in porous media). Understanding the actual mechanisms of transport under pressure may enable to develop process guidelines that will help the food industry to develop value-added foods.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Swetha Mahadeva
Novel in vitro methods to understand the mechanical behavior and biological implications of fluid shear from CED devices in the brain
No full textConvection enhanced delivery (CED) devices are a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome some of the obstacles involved in delivering drugs to the brain. CED devices bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB), targeting drugs locally into the interstitial spaces using pressure-mediated flow, which can increase drug penetration and efficacy compared to systemic delivery. A critical step in developing brain implants is to investigate how the mechanisms of the device effect the surrounding environment. This can provide insight into any mechanical or biological limitations of the device that need to be considered for implementation into a clinical setting. Although mechanical characterization and inflammation studies have been conducted for other kinds of brain implants, limited work has focused on applying these type of studies to the operation of CED devices specifically. As a result, how pressure-driven flow from CED devices affects local brain tissue is not yet clearly understood. This study implements unique computational and biological techniques to characterize in vitro the effects of fluid shear on local deformation and inflammation of brain tissue through both quantitative and spatial analysis. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an optical method designed for flow visualization that we translate to the study of fluid shear from CED devices using agarose brain phantoms as a mechanical model of brain tissue. PIV analysis was successfully able to quantify magnitudes of deformation as a function of distance and time and generate heat maps highlighting areas of most impact from fluid shear in detail that has not been done in the past. This characterization allows for predictions of how mechanical behavior from CED devices can potentially impact biological response. Infusion experiments were also conducted in 3D C8-B4 microglial cultures embedded in Matrigel that can serve as a simple model of the brain parenchyma and evaluated for elevations in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as the candidate inflammatory marker. However, given the small volume of affected cells relative to total cell-gel construct, this bulk quantification method proved ineffective in detecting any overall increased levels of TNF-α compared to positive (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated) and negative (untreated) controls, suggesting that a spatial visualization of inflammation may be a more suitable approach for more local resolution of any biological effects from fluid shear. Using a secretory inhibitor, Brefeldin A (BFA), we develop and optimize a method to retain TNF-α within the cells for cytochemical staining to conduct spatial analysis of cell activation. With this, we accomplish the first step in developing an immunofluorescence technique can be used with the cell model to gain an understanding of spatial resolution of inflammation from fluid shear to eventually correlate with the tissue mechanics studies. Ultimately, these techniques can provide new and better tools for CED device characterization prior to in vivo studies.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Swetha Kodamasimha
Shelf Life Of Probiotic Fermented Milk In Different Packaging Materials
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
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