6,188 research outputs found
Promotional intensity e innovazione: i risultati di una ricerca empirica riferita al settore farmaceutico
No full textIn tempi recenti, nel settore farmaceutico, si è assistito al mutamento dei fattori che compongono le condizioni dell’ambiente di riferimento. Tali cambiamenti possono essere in grado di produrre degli effetti sulle relazioni tra variabili e misure riferite all’innovazione da un lato, e al marketing dall’altro. In questo contesto, infatti, un intenso ricorso all’attività di marketing agevolerebbe la
possibilità da parte delle imprese di godere maggiormente dei risultati dell’attività innovativa. Dopo l’analisi della letteratura nazionale e internazionale, è stata studiata la relazione intercorrente tra intensità delle spese in R&S e promotional intensity. L’analisi empirica, basata su un modello di regressione lineare, è stata effettuata sulle maggiori 50 società farmaceutiche e i dati necessari alla ricerca sono stati rintracciati nella banca dati Data-Stream per il periodo di 2000-2006.
I risultati ottenuti hanno permesso di constatare un’associazione direttamente proporzionale significativa
tra la R&S intensity e la promotional intensity.
Aziende farmaceutiche, innovazione, promotional intensity
A multicenter study on the appropriateness of hospitalization in obstetric wards: application of Obstetric Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (Obstetric AEP). Studio multicentrico sul protocollo di revisione dell’uso dell’ospedale in ostetricia: applicazione dello PRotocollo dell’Uso dell’Ospedale in Ostetricia (PRUO ostetrico)
No full textObjectives
This study has been based on the implementation of the Obstetric Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol in 7 Italian hospitals to determine inappropriate hospital admissions and days of stay.
Design
A cross-sectional study.
Methods
The outcomes examined were: appropriateness/inappropriateness of admission and "percentage of inappropriateness".
Results
A total number of 2196 clinical records were reviewed. The mean percentage of inappropriateness for a hospitalization was 22%. The percentage of inappropriateness for the first ten days of hospitalization peaked in correspondence of the 4th and 5th (42%).
The emergency admission was a protective factor of inappropriated admission, OR= 0.23 95%CI (0.16-0.35). To be hospitalized in a Teaching Hospital, in a hospital with ≥30 beds and to be admitted during the Winter/Autumn and in the workweek were risk factors of inappropriateness, respectively with OR=3.50 95%CI(2.30-5.34), OR=2.04 95%CI(1.41-2.97), OR=2.14 95%CI(1.41-2.97), OR=1.85 95%CI(1.12-3.04).
The linear regression model underlined that the "percentage of inappropriateness" significantly increased in inappropriate admission and in obstetric wards with ≥30 beds; the admission in a Teaching Hospital and the hospitalization in South Italy was inversely associated to the percentage of inappropriateness. The R2 model was 0.367.
Conclusions
The present study suggests that the percentage of inappropriate admission depends especially on the inappropriate admission and the large number of beds in obstetric wards. This suggests that the management of big hospitals, which is very complex, needs improving the processes of support and coordination of health professionals. The obstetric AEP tool seems to be an useful instrument for the decision makers to monitor and manage the obstetric wards
Tobacco smoking and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of systematic and narrative reviews of observational studies
No full textAim The aim of this review was to systematically review systematic
and narrative reviews of observational studies published
on the relation between tobacco smoking and multiple
sclerosis (MS).
Subjects and methods A systematic search of the literature in
PubMed and Scopus was conducted in June 2016. Two authors
independently reviewed the search results and extracted
key points. Review studies (i.e., review, systematic, narrative,
or meta-analysis) that reported on smoking and MS were selected.
The methodological quality of included systematic reviews
and meta-analyses was assessed using the AMSTAR
checklist. The methodological quality of narrative reviews
was evaluated using a seven-item measure developed by the
authors.
Results Seventeen reviews met the inclusion criteria and were
categorized as either systematic reviews or narrative reviews.
Smoking was associated with increased risk of MS for evercompared
with never-smokers and current compared with
non-smokers. The summary odds ratio of MS for eversmokers
versus never-smokers varied between 1.40 (95%
CI: 1.29–1.52) and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.33–1.59).
Conclusion This review of reviews identifies smoking as a
risk factor for MS susceptibility. However, more research is
needed to conclusively establish the mechanisms driving this
association
A systematic review of economic evaluation studies of drug-based non-malignant chronic pain treatment
No full textChronic pain is a highly prevalent problem, involving high costs and seriously affecting a patient's quality of life. This review aimed to systematically review economic evaluations of pharmacological-based treatments for non-malignant chronic pain and to compare different treatment approaches with regard to their economic profile
Reliability and reproducibility of an Italian questionnaire on “Knowledge of high social impact Eye Diseases” (KED-IT)
No full textBackground
Health literacy plays an important role in public health. Although this has been demonstrated in the field of ophthalmology, there are very few specific instruments available to assess eye health literacy. This work aims to develop an Italian questionnaire on knowledge of eye diseases (Knowledge on Eye Disease, Italian version; KED-IT) and to evaluate its reliability and reproducibility. The KED-IT focuses on diseases with high social impact, specifically glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and keratoconus, which is the main cause of corneal transplant in Italy.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted. The KED-IT was self-administered by the study participants twice. The interval between each administration (T0 and T1) was 5 to 8 days. Reliability was assessed using the KR-20 coefficient. The test-retest Cohen’s Kappa coefficient was estimated to measure the stability and reproducibility of the results obtained between T0 and T1.
Results
A total of 60 subjects participated in the study. The response rate at T1 was 92%. The KR-20 reliability coefficient of the 14-item KED-IT questionnaire was good with a value of 0.878. The Cohen’s kappa value for all 14 items of the KED-IT questionnaire was k = 0.747, indicating good agreement.
Conclusions
The KED-IT is the first specific ophthalmic knowledge questionnaire validated in the Italian language and we hope that it may be a starting point for the study of eye health literacy in the Italian population
Alice and Cliff Donahue
No full textPhotograph - Friends of Alice B. and William Clifford Donahue, Athabasca, Alberta. Seated, left to right: Cliff Donahue, Joe Mikkelsen, Beryl Mikkelsen, and Marge Logan. Standing, left to right: Don Logan, Alice B. Donahue, Aaron Jones, Lorene Jones, and Beatrice Par
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