1,721,165 research outputs found
Mapping the features of arousal parasonmnias in adults: On the way to better understand arousal parasomnias and ease differential diagnosis
No full textSleep-Disordered Breathing in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
No full textDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common form of dementia, and it is very frequently associated with changes in sleep patterns. To date, the literature has focused mainly on REM sleep behavior as the most prominent sleep disorder in DLB while little is known about the prevalence and the impact of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in DLB. Clinicians should be aware that the clinical diagnosis of SDB in DLB is difficult to establish and that the risk of overlooking SDB in patients with DLB is substantial. Polysomnographic sleep investigations may therefore be advisable in patients with DLB in order to objectify their sleep respiratory patterns. The available literature data on this topic, which are very limited and based on small case series, indicate that SDB occurs in 34.8 to 60 % of patients with DLB. SDB can be hypothesized to coexist with other sleep-related disorders in an interactive loop: SDB alters sleep continuity, which can in turn facilitate nocturnal and daytime vigilance-dependent phenomena. There is an absolute need for prospective, preferably multi-center, controlled trials to establish whether, and to what extent, SDB might affect neuropsychological performances in patients with DLB and whether its treatment can improve residual daytime functioning in these patients
Dreaming and enacting dreams in nonrapid eye movement and rapid eye movement parasomnia: A step toward a unifying view within distinct patterns?
No full textSleepiness and sleep propensity in sleepwalkers: an additional way to study arousal parasomnias
No full textRhythmic movements in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder
No full textReported are two cases of video-PSG captured head-rolling occurring, in the context of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) episodes, in two patients affected with idiopathic RBD and without past personal or familiar history of Rhythmic Movement Disorder during sleep. It has been speculated that the activation of neuronal pathways which underlie REM-related loss of motor control in RBD, may involve the Central Pattern Generator neuronal networks leading to the induction of Rhythmic Movements during RBD episodes, thereby allowing the re-emergence, in pathological conditions in later life, of a motor behavior typically seen in the early stage of life. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
REM sleep behavior disorder
No full textHistory REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) was first formally identified in 1986 by Schenck and Mahowald in five elderly subjects presenting similar motor behavioral patterns during REM sleep consisting of violent dream-enacting behaviors. Although there already existed anecdotal reports of similar episodes arising from REM sleep during tricyclic anti-depressant treatment and in the context of acute psychosis related to alcohol and drug abuse, Schenck and Mahowald were the first to recognize RBD as a distinct parasomnia with a clinical and polysomnographic (PSG) pattern similar to that seen 20 years earlier in animal models of RBD. In a review of their personal data and of the literature over the 16 years following the formal identification of RBD, these same authors highlighted the existence of acute and chronic, idiopathic and symptomatic forms of RBD, and also the idea that RBD may herald the onset of synucleinopathies. REM sleep behavior disorder first appeared, with clear diagnostic criteria, in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) in 1990. These criteria have recently been updated in the ICSD-2 2005 version, and in the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) atlas of sleep scoring. Even though RBD may occur in childhood, it generally has onset after the age of 50 years and shows a strong male prevalence. The frequency of occurrence of RBD in the general population is unknown
REM behavior disorder associated with epileptic seizures
No full textReported is the association of REM behavior disorder (RBD) with late-onset, sleep-related, tonic-clonic seizures in two elderly men. In each pa tient, RBD preceded the onset of seizures by several years. The authors hypothesize that REM sleep disruption may facilitate seizure occurrence. Copyright © 2005 by AAN Enterprises, Inc
Rhythmic movements during sleep: A physiological and pathological profile
No full textRhythmic movement disorder (RMD) consists of rhythmic movements (RMs) that occur on falling asleep or during sleep, can involve any part of the body and have a reported frequency ranging from 0.5 to 2 Hz. RMs have been reported to occur in a high proportion of normal children as a self-limiting phenomenon starting and remitting within early infancy. However, there have also been descriptions of forms of RMD occurring against a background of mental retardation or persisting beyond childhood, or having onset in adulthood. So, the occurrence of RMs can be regarded as both a physiological and a pathological phenomenon. The few polysomnographic studies conducted in this field have shown that, in some forms of RMD, RMs are highly linked to arousal fluctuations. However, the mechanisms that underlie the genesis of RMs and are capable of leading to both physiological and pathological patterns of RMs are not fully understood. Here we emphasise the possibility that the central motor pattern generator, recently hypothesised to play a role in the genesis of motor phenomena during sleep in the cases of parasomnia and epileptic seizures, might account for the occurrence of RMs in both physiological and pathological conditions. © Springer-Verlag Italia 2005
Comorbidity between epilepsy and sleep disorders
No full textDespite being relatively common and potentially able to have clinical and pathophysiological consequences, the comorbidity between epilepsy and sleep disorders is poorly investigated in the literature and rarely taken into consideration by clinicians in general practice.There is increasing evidence that obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) coexists in epilepsy (in 10% of unselected adult epilepsy patients, 20% of children with epilepsy and up to 30% of drug-resistant epilepsy patients). A few lines of evidence suggest that continuous positive airway pressure treatment of OSA in epilepsy patients improves seizure control, cognitive performance and quality of life.Parasomnias and epileptic seizures can coexist in the same subject making the differential diagnosis of these conditions particularly challenging. In childhood, a frequent association between epilepsy and NREM arousal parasomnias, enuresis and rhythmic movement disorder has been documented.A particular pattern of association has been found between nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) and NREM arousal parasomnias, the latter being found in the personal or family history of up to one third of NFLE patients.As far as REM parasomnias are concerned, REM sleep behaviour disorder, unrecognised or misdiagnosed, has been found to co-occur in 12% of elderly epilepsy patients.Patients with epilepsy often complain of poor, non-restorative sleep; however, insomnia in epilepsy is poorly investigated, with the literature giving conflicting prevalence data and no information on the impact of this disorder on seizure control, or on the best therapeutic approach to insomnia in this particular group of patients.A greater awareness, among clinicians, of the comorbidities between sleep disorders and epilepsy may help to prevent misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Sleep hygiene measures in epilepsy need to be more comprehensive, taking into account the various pathologies that may underlie disordered sleep in epilepsy patients. © 2010 Elsevier B.V
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