500 research outputs found
Overview of its environmental history
No full textThis archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Title from PDF cover (viewed on November 13, 2014)"Prepared for the Little Butte Creek Watershed assessment analysis report, Bureau of Land Management and Rogue River National Forest."Includes bibliographical references (page 14)Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in Englis
Rill stoping in the Butte District, Butte, Montana
No full textNumerous methods of stoping have been used in the mines of the Butte District, Butte, Montana, depending on the shape of the ore bodies, conditions of the walls and presence of fault zones or heavy ground. One of the methods tried out successfully in the past few years is that of using rill stopes, both open and timbered. The ideal conditions for adopting this method of mining require veins with nearly vertical dip so that the ore will slide into the chute. The author attempts to describe the various steps including how the development is done, how the stopes are started and carried to the level above --Introduction, page 1
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Empirical Reverse Engineering of Vaccine Neoantigens
No full textSince the advent of immunization, vaccines have been composed of natural antigens pulled from the proteome of the infectious agent. To pick potentially protective antigens, pathogens must be deeply studied to elucidate their life cycles, patterns of protein expression, and interactions with their hosts. This reliance on understanding pathogen biology requires the etiology of disease to be known, hampers the speed of vaccine development, and generates vaccines with curtailed efficacy. Infectious pandemics and the cancer epidemic provide unambiguous motivation for the creation of an agnostic platform to develop potent vaccines.Here, we outline our vaccine development approach to (1) characterize T-cell receptors (TCRs) responding to an insult, (2) perform antigen discovery for discovered TCRs, and (3) vaccinate with found, novel neoantigens. We hypothesize that novel, synthetic peptide ligands can effectively prime the same repertoire of na�ve T cells that clonally respond to infection. To find the optimal synthetic antigens, we designed a NFκB-driven, cell-based antigen discovery platform to interrogate TCRs with a diverse and streamlined pool of peptide antigens. Using our functional, unbiased method to screen for peptide ligands, we performed antigen discovery for known TCRs and novel TCRs from an in vivo cancer model. Our platform was specific, sensitive, and tunable in finding TCR-activating antigens. The system was able to successfully find cognate antigens for known TCRs. When performing antigen discovery for T cells resulting from an in vivo tumor model, our platform found antigens corresponding to known, expressed tumor antigens. Furthermore, we found that a streamlined peptide library can reduce peptide library complexity while still providing useful information on TCR-binding motifs. Our future directions include in vitro and in vivo testing with discovered neoantigens for known and novel TCRs.Overall, identifying TCRs and screening TCR-binding ligands can aid in the development of vaccines in the fields of infection, cancer, allergy, autoimmunity, and transplantation. Our long-term goal is to bring about a new method for developing effective antigens for vaccines by identifying peptides that stimulate discovered, insult-specific protective T cells. If successful, our approach will have a major impact on vaccinology: we enable the possibility of developing effective vaccines without having to identify the insult as an initial step, a major boon for emerging infections or epidemics of known or unknown etiology
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Enhancing Tumor-Infiltrating T cells with an Exclusive Fuel Source
No full textSolid tumors harbor immunosuppressive microenvironments that inhibit tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) through the voracious consumption of glucose. We sought to restore TIL function by providing them with an exclusive fuel source. The glucose disaccharide cellobiose, which is a building block of cellulose, contains a β-1,4-glycosidic bond that cannot be hydrolyzed by animals (or their tumors), but fungal and bacterial organisms have evolved enzymes to catabolize cellobiose and use the resulting glucose. By equipping T cells with two proteins that enable import and hydrolysis of cellobiose, we demonstrate that supplementation of cellobiose during glucose withdrawal restores T cell cytokine production and cellular proliferation. Murine tumor growth is suppressed, and survival is prolonged. Offering exclusive access to a natural disaccharide is a new tool that augments cancer immunotherapies. Beyond cancer, this approach could be used to answer questions about the regulation of glucose metabolism across many cell types, biological processes, and diseases
Thomas Odell Memorial Marker at Bear Butte State Park, Sturgis SD, Meade County
No full text3.5 x 5 b/w photograph, a memorial marker for Thomas E. Odell, teacher and author instrumental in the creation of Bear Butte State Park1904-1975Marker at Bear Butte State Par
Pilot Butte wildlife assessment
No full textprepared by Salix Associates (Bruce Newhouse) with Richard Brainerd, and GIS by Jim Reed.Title from PDF cover (viewed on February 12, 2020)."Includes Pilot Butte State Scenic Viewpoint and adjacent lands owned by the Bend-LaPine School District and the City of Bend."This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Pilot Butte vegetation assessment
No full textprepared by Salix Associates (Bruce Newhouse) with Richard Brainerd, and GIS by Jim Reed.Title from PDF cover (viewed on February 12, 2020)."Includes Pilot Butte State Scenic Viewpoint and adjacent lands owned by the Bend-LaPine School District and the City of Bend."This archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 122-127).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
A description of the environmental impacts of mining near Butte, MT via biomonitoring.
No full textIn the 1880s, Butte, Montana was home to one of the richest mineral deposits in the world. Today, the region is home of two of the most toxic superfunds sites in America, the Anaconda Smelter Site and the Berkeley Pit. In an effort to describe past and present air pollutant emissions in the Butte area we employed biomonitoring and dendrochronological techniques. Pine needle, bark, and core samples were collected from trees adjacent to the superfund sites. These samples were digested and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The goal of this analysis is to quantitatively determine the levels of heavy metals over the last century and if this data can be related to mining activities in the region. Our results may indicate the cease of smelting activities in the 1980s and what if any persistent heavy metal contamination exists in the area
Lava Butte wildlife crossing monitoring project
No full textThis archived document is maintained by the Oregon State Library as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Title from PDF caption (viewed on April 20, 2016)."Prepared on: June 30th 2015, finalized: October 8th, 2015."Evaluates the effectiveness of crossing structures located near Crawford Road Bridges near Lava Lands Visitor Center and South Lava Butte Bridges.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
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