1,721,116 research outputs found
Laparoscopic right colectomy: Road to safety surgery
No full textLaparoscopic right hemicolectomy indicates a surgical technique for the removal of right-sided colon cancer; it nowadays represents an effective treatment for this disease, but it remains a demanding procedure, burdened by the risk of serious complications, especially in laparoscopic surgery. Indeed, a standard technique for the execution of this intervention does not exist. The purpose of this study is to suggest a standardization of the procedure advising some tips and tricks which could benefit its learning and its performance, helping operators to minimize the risk of major complications. After creation of pneumoperitoneum and port placement, the procedure is structured in consecutive steps: surgical field exposure, vascular dissection, coloparietal detachment, ileal and colic sectioning, anastomosis. During the intervention, the surgical plans and all the structures involved are identified and safeguarded. The entire demolition phase occurs in an anti-clockwise direction. An intracorporeal anastomosis is performed and enterotomies are closed using a two-layer, running barbed suture. During all phases, the assistant grabs and moves bowels in order to improve the field exposure and facilitate the operator's maneuvers
Impaired Self-Awareness in Parkinson’s and Huntington’s Diseases: A Literature Review of Neuroimaging Correlates
Full text linkLittle is known about the brain correlates of anosognosia or unawareness of disease in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Huntington's Disease (HD). The presence of unawareness or impaired self-awareness (ISA) of illness has profound implications for patients and their caregivers; therefore, studying awareness and its brain correlates should be considered a key step towards developing effective recognition and management of this symptom as it offers a window into the mechanism of self-awareness and consciousness as critical components of the human cognition. We reviewed research studies adopting MRI or other in vivo neuroimaging technique to assess brain structural and/or functional correlates of unawareness in PD and HD across different cognitive and motor domains. Studies adopting task or resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and/or 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography brain imaging and/or magnetic resonance imaging structural measures were considered. Only six studies investigating neuroimaging features of unawareness in PD and two in HD were identified; there was great heterogeneity in the clinical characteristics of the study participants, domain of unawareness investigated, method of unawareness assessment, and neuroimaging technique used. Nevertheless, some data converge in identifying regions of the salience and frontoparietal networks to be associated with unawareness in PD patients. In HD, the few data are affected by the variability in the severity of motor symptoms. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms and brain correlates of unawareness in PD and HD; in addition, the use of dopaminergic medications should be carefully considered
Scenari di resilienza territoriale vs fragilità post-sisma. Riflessioni ed azioni per i Comuni marchigiani del cratere del terremoto 2016
No full textGli eventi sismici verificatisi in Italia negli ultimi 10 anni hanno fatto registrare una brusca accelerazione delle dinamiche di parziale abbandono di molti centri delle aree interne, aggravando condizioni di marginalità preesistenti e mettendo in crisi le economie locali.
Il Governo del territorio, l’Urbanistica, l’Ingegneria e l’Architettura sono invitati, unitamente alle discipline economiche e sociali, a ripensare e ad aggiornare approcci progettuali rivelatisi ormai inadeguati - soprattutto perché settoriali - e a traguardare obiettivi di maggiore sicurezza territoriale, recuperando e rigenerando realtà fragili, appartenenti a contesti paesaggistici di elevato valore ambientale e storico-culturale.
Scopo del contributo è restituire le prime riflessioni maturate attraverso le esperienze di ricerca e didattiche avviate nella Facoltà di Ingegneria Edile-Architettura dell’Università Politecnica delle Marche, per la costruzione di scenari atti al recupero e allo sviluppo di alcuni comuni colpiti dal terremoto del 2016. Il percorso di sperimentazione intende dimostrare come l’incremento dei livelli di sicurezza di un sistema territoriale si associ alla qualità complessiva e multiscalare delle reti di relazione fisiche, culturali, economiche e sociali, piuttosto che alla qualità intrinseca e funzionale dei manufatti. L’approccio multiscalare e transcalare aumenta il senso delle nostre riflessioni teoriche e progettuali consentendo di cogliere quelle relazioni, anche immateriali e ravvicinate, sulle quali costruire la
stabilità e la durabilità di un processo rigenerativo dello spazio urban
Totally robotic splenic flexure resection with intracorporeal anastomosis – a video vignette
No full textSecond-hand smoke exposure generated by new electronic devices (IQOS® and e-cigs) and traditional cigarettes: submicron particle behaviour in human respiratory system
Full text linkPassive exposure profiles to submicronic particles (SMPs, 5.6-560 nm) of traditional cigarettes and new electronic commercial devices (e-cig and IQOS®, a new heat-not-burn smoking device) were compared. During smoking, SMPs released by traditional cigarettes resulted four-times higher than those released by electronic and heat-not-burn devices and remained high for at least one hour, while SMPs values returned immediately similar to background for electronic and heat-not-burn devices. In all experiments, approximately half of SMPs resulted so small to reach the alveolar region
Valutazione dei livelli di particelle ultrafini emesse da sorgenti combustibili ed elettrodomestici mediante misure sperimentali
Full text linkRecenti studi hanno evidenziato che sorgenti combustibili di varia natura
quali candele, incensi e fumo di tabacco emettono durante l’utilizzo sia
sostanze che particelle fini e ultrafini potenzialmente dannose per la salute
umana. Inoltre, la qualità dell’aria degli ambienti confinati può essere
notevolmente peggiorata anche da altri elettrodomestici di uso comune, che
vengono utilizzati anche quotidianamente negli ambienti indoor di vita e
di lavoro. Scopo del lavoro è di valutare sperimentalmente l’inquinamento
indoor, in termini di livelli di particelle fini e ultrafini emesse durante
l’utilizzo di alcuni elettrodomestici e sorgenti combustibili di vario tipo
May SARS-CoV-2 diffusion be favored by alkaline aerosols and ammonia emissions?
Full text linkAmmonia is a common factor linking air in bat caves and air pollution in the proximity of agricultural fields treated with livestock farming sewage and slaughterhouses, where important clusters of COVID-19 have recently been reported all over the world. Such a commonality has a further connection with the known behavior of some viruses of the coronavirus family, such as the murine hepatitis virus, whose spike glycoprotein (S) can be triggered to a membrane-binding conformation at pH 8.0. Within the airborne route of virus transmission, with particular relevance for crowded and enclosed environments, these observations have prompted a hypothesis that may represent a contributing cause to interpret the geographical variability of the virus diffusion and the surging rise of COVID-19 cases in slaughterhouses all over the world. The hypothesis is that, in these environments, the SARS-CoV-2 S protein may find on a fraction of the airborne particles an alkaline pH, favorable to trigger the conformational changes, needed to induce the fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane of the target cells
Fumo passivo, sigarette convenzionali e dispositivi elettronici: valutazione dell'esposizione a particelle submicroniche durante l'utilizzo
No full textPassive vaping from sub-ohm electronic cigarette devices
Full text linkTo investigate passive vaping due to sub-ohm electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), aerosol number size distribution measurements (6 nm–10 μm) were performed during volunteer-vaping sessions. E-liquids, with vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG), with a VG/PG ratio of 50/50 (with nicotine) and 80/20 (without nicotine), were vaped with a double-coil, single aerosol exit hole at 25–80 W electric power, corresponding to 130–365 kW m−2 heat fluxes and with an octa-coil, four aerosol exit holes atomizers, at 50–150 W electric power, corresponding to 133–398 kW m−2 heat fluxes. At the lowest heat flux, lower particle number concentrations (NTot ) were observed for the nicotine-liquid than for the nicotine-free liquid, also due to its higher content of PG, more volatile than VG. For the octa-coil atomizer, at 265 and 398 kW m−2, NTot decreased below the first-generation e-cig, whereas volume concentrations greatly increased, due to the formation of super micron droplets. Higher volume concentrations were observed for the 80/20 VG/PG liquid, because of VG vaporization and of its decomposition products, greater than for PG. For the double coil atomizer, increasing the electric power from 40 W (208 kW m−2 ) to 80 W (365 kW m−2 ) possibly led to a critical heat flow condition, causing a reduction of the number concentrations for the VG/PG 50/50 liquid, an increase for the 80/20 VG/PG liquid and a decrease of the volume concentrations for both of them. Coherently, the main mode was at about 0.1 μm on both metrics for both liquids. For the other tests, two main modes (1 and 2 μm) were observed in the volume size distributions, the latter becoming wider at 100 and 150 W (265 and 398 kW m−2 ), suggesting the increased emission of light condensable decomposition products. The lower aerosol emissions observed at 150 W than at 100 W suggest the formation of gas-phase decomposition products. The observation of low-count high-volume aerosols addresses the relevance of the volume metric upon measuring the second-hand concentration of the aerosols released by sub-ohm e-cigarettes
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