32 research outputs found
Securitization and mortgage default
No full textThe academic literature, the popular press, and policymakers have all debated securitization's contribution to the poor performance of mortgages originated in the run-up to the recent crisis. Theoretical arguments have been advanced on both sides, but the lack of suitable data has made it difficult to assess them empirically. The author examines this issue by using a loan-level data set from LPS Analytics, covering approximately two-thirds of the mortgages originated in 2005 and 2006, and including both securitized and nonsecuritized loans. ; The author finds evidence that privately securitized loans do indeed perform worse than observably similar, nonsecuritized loans. Moreover, this effect is strongest in prime mortgage markets, which have not been studied in the previous literature. For example, a typical prime loan becomes delinquent at a 20 percent higher rate if it is privately securitized, ceteris paribus. This is consistent with the existence of adverse selection; that is, that lenders used information not available to investors to securitize loans that were riskier than they otherwise appeared. By contrast, for subprime mortgages, the impact of private securitization is concentrated in low or no-documentation loans; this latter result is consistent with previous work such as Keys et al. (2009).Mortgage-backed securities ; Default (Finance)
Role of Risk Stratification and Genetics in Sudden Cardiac Death
No full textSudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major public health issue due to its increasing incidence in the general population and the difficulty in identifying high-risk individuals. Nearly 300,000-350,000 patients in the United States and 4- to 5 million patients in the world die from SCD. Coronary artery disease and advanced heart failure are the main etiology for SCD. Ischemia of any cause precipitates lethal arrhythmias, and ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are the most common lethal arrhythmias precipitating SCD. Pulse-less electrical activity, brady-arrhythmia and electromechanical dissociation also result in SCD. Most sudden cardiac deaths occur out-of-the-hospital setting, so it is difficult to estimate the public burden, which results in overestimating the incidence of SCD. The insufficiency and limited predictive value of various indicators and criteria for SCD result in the increasing incidences. As a result, there is a need to develop better risk stratification criteria and find modifiable variables to decrease the incidence. Primary and secondary prevention and treatment of SCD need further research. This critical review is focused on the etiology, risk factors, prognostic factors and importance of risk stratification of SCD.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
A novel approach to MP-PIC: Continuum particle model for dense particle flows in fluidized beds
No full textA novel approach to Multiphase-Particle-in-Cell (MP-PIC), called Continuum Particle Model (CPM), is developed for dense gas-particle flows. CPM has high computational speed, comparable to that of MP-PIC, but a robustness and accuracy closer to that of a Discrete Element Model (DEM). The gas phase is treated as a continuum phase and particles are tracked discretely, but particle collisions are modelled by considering the divergence of the continuum particle stress tensor. Details on efficient solution to the model are presented. For comparison, a parametric study is performed for quasi-2D fluidized beds. Comparison of CFD-CPM is made with MP-PIC and CFD-DEM. The particle stress models by Harris and Crighton, and by Srivastava and Sundaresan are tested in our CFD-CPM. Results from CFD-CPM based on the Srivastava and Sundaresan particle stress model show good agreement with CFD-DEM results. We validate our model by comparison with experimental benchmark results from Gopalan et. al. (2016).Complex Fluid Processin
Multidimensional Assessment of Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Clinical Practice: Critical Narrative Review
No full textBackground:
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the primary treatment for advanced knee osteoarthritis. Despite its clinical success and favorable patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), approximately 20% to 30% of patients continue to experience persistent functional limitations and muscle weakness. This highlights the need for a comprehensive evaluation of recovery parameters beyond pain and range of motion. Given the wide range of methods available for assessing TKA outcomes, clinicians often select tools based on personal preference and understanding, which may affect accuracy and consistency; for example, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score may overestimate function compared to gait analysis studies.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to conduct a narrative review focusing on the use, strengths, and limitations of different outcome measures used in routine orthopedic practice to optimize post-TKA evaluation.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted in February 2025 across 2 databases (PubMed and Web of Science). Eligible studies included original research articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses that focused on validated measures used to evaluate TKA. Case reports, conference abstracts, and studies focused exclusively on surgical techniques were excluded. Themes were identified across studies to structure the results according to types of assessments and clinical applicability.
Results:
A total of 6831 studies were retrieved and screened in this review, with 4 themes emerging around muscle mass, strength, performance, and PROMs. The Oxford Knee Score is favored for its ease of use and minimal ceiling effects. Broader tools like the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index provide detailed insights but are less practical clinically. For muscle strength, the portable fixed dynamometer showed high reliability and comparability to isokinetic dynamometry. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry remains the gold standard for assessing muscle mass, while bioelectrical impedance analysis offers a practical alternative. The 5-Repetition Sit-to-Stand test effectively evaluates lower limb power and speed.
Conclusions:
Clinicians should integrate both objective (muscle mass, strength, and performance) and subjective (PROMs) measures to improve TKA recovery assessment. This multidimensional approach has the potential to enhance the accuracy of patient evaluation and supports the development of tailored rehabilitation strategies that address individual deficits and optimize functional outcomes
Assessing functional recovery after total knee arthroplasty: a pilot study protocol to investigate the role of skeletal muscle regeneration
No full textTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely performed procedure to relieve pain from advanced knee osteoarthritis. However, evidence suggests it may impair muscle physiology, leading to postoperative strength and functional deficits. The contribution of skeletal muscle’s intrinsic regenerative capacity to these outcomes remains unclear, particularly that of satellite cells. By examining both the number and functional capacity of satellite cells, alongside longitudinal clinical assessments, this study will determine whether satellite cell quantity and regenerative potential are key determinants of postoperative recovery. This single-centre, prospective longitudinal pilot study will evaluate the role of satellite cells in quadriceps muscle regeneration following TKA. The primary outcome is quadriceps muscle strength, assessed using fixed dynamometry across the 12-month follow-up period. An intra-operative rectus femoris biopsy will assess muscle fibre structure, satellite cell content, and regenerative capacity using an innovative de novo myotube formation assay. Functional and patient-reported measures at baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months will include the five-repetition Sit-to-Stand test, near-infrared spectroscopy, and the Oxford Knee Score. The pilot will also evaluate feasibility of recruitment, data collection, and retention, with recruitment continuing until a minimum of 25 biopsy outcomes are consistent and reproducible. Statistical analyses will use multiple regression and linear mixed-effects models to explore associations between cellular markers and functional recovery. Patient and public involvement informed protocol development. The study may identify mechanisms and early biomarkers to guide personalised rehabilitation and improve post-TKA strength, mobility, and quality of life. Findings will be disseminated via scientific conferences and peer-reviewed journals
Extraction of Phenol from Aqueous Effluents using Supported Liquid Membrane
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Oblique propagating electromagnetic ion – Cyclotron instability with A.C. field in outer magnetosphere
No full text
