223 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Women in German politics: still jobs for the boys?
No full textToday the proportion of German politicians who are female is at an all time high. This has largely been achieved via quotas and most of the main parties now operate some kind of quota system. But have quantitative improvements in female representation in been matched by qualitative improvements? This article seeks to answer this question by looking not only at the number of women in parliaments and other collective bodies, but also in the highest echelons of power. It outlines each party's policies regarding the promotion of women and the factors which enhance or hamper their impact. A brief comparison of female political representation in eastern and western Germany is also provided. The author argues that measures such as quotas have increased the number of female German politicians but still do not guarantee them equal access to positions of real power. Furthermore, the incorporation of pro-equality principles into party statutes has not automatically led to their assimilation into party cultures, especially in the case of well-established parties which only recently addressed the gender imbalance in their ranks
Energy policies of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries : possibilities and limitations of ecological modernization in rentier states
No full textBahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates are major oil and natural gas producing countries that make up the Gulf Cooperation Council. The six GCC countries fall in the top 25 countries of carbon dioxide emissions per capita and are perceived as the main actors blocking international climate change negotiations. The aim of this article is to discuss from a policy perspective the capacities of the GCC states to switch toward an ecological modernization of their energy sectors. At the beginning of the paper, I analyze the benefits of transforming oil wealth into funding for renewable energy and energy efficiency. After this, I discuss obstacles to such a transformation process based on the rentier states theory. Finally, I investigate governance of the GCC on all levels (international, regional, and local). The article shows that the GCC countries have recently adopted a more pro-active approach toward ecological modernization. This reorientation has not yet resulted in the development of consistent strategies and policies, however. The concluding assumption based on the concept of policy transfer is that pioneering projects such as Masdar City and innovative regulation like the green building code in Dubai will spread within the GCC
The prohibition of online sports betting: a comparative analysis of Germany and the United States
No full textThis paper examines online sports betting in Germany and the USA, two countries that differ from the global trend that has been moving toward the legalization and liberalization of the sector. The following research questions are asked: Which joint factors led to the prohibition of online sports wagering in Germany and the USA? In what ways do the cases differ? After explaining the methodology of this research and conducting the case studies, the paper discusses the similarities and differences between the two countries, such as the official and unofficial reasons behind the bans, the administrative responsibilities of the issue, different policy instruments for implementing the bans, exceptions to the prohibition, the important role of courts in the debate, external pressure to change the respective national regulations, and the powerful role of sports governing associations that offer, in both cases, the main reasons for recent policy-making decisions. © 2013 Copyright European Association for Sport Management.Abram Richard G., 2001, BETTING LINE SPORTS; Albers N, 1997, J Gambl Stud, V13, P125, DOI 10.1023-A:1024999217889; Albers N, 2008, GLUCKSSPIEL IN DEUTSCHLAND: OKONOMIE, RECHT, SUCHT, P56, DOI 10.1515-9783899495546.1.56; Almond G., 2010, COMP POLITICS TODAY; American Gaming Association (AGA), 2011, SPORTS WAG; [Anonymous], 2011, SPORTW SOLL GEOFFN W; [Anonymous], 2010, ECONOMIST; [Anonymous], 2005, SPIEGEL ONLINE; [Anonymous], SUCHT; [Anonymous], 2011, KIEL ALS VORB NEHM; [Anonymous], 2010, BUNDESLIGA 0902; [Anonymous], 2009, THE ECONOMIST; [Anonymous], 2011, PRIV WETT WOLL NUR S; [Anonymous], 2006, ECONOMIST; Associated Press, 2009, NFL NEWS MEDIA; Bornsen S., 2010, GLUCKSSPIELMARKT DEU; Buschmann R., 2011, SPIEGEL ONLINE; Caramani D., 2008, COMP POLIT, P1; Carter D.M., 2011, MONEY GAMES PROFITIN; Collins P., 2003, GAMBLING PUBLIC INTE; DOSB DFL and Deutsche Stiftung Sporthilfe, 2010, STELL DTSCH SPORTS Z; Editorial, 2010, NY TIMES; ESMQ, AIMS SCOP; EU erwagt Richtlinie fur Glucksspiel, 2011, EU ERW RICHTL GLUCKS; European Commission, 2011, GREEN PAP ON LIN GAM; Federal Reserve System and Department of the Treasury, 2009, PROH FUND UNL INT GA, P62687; Forrest D, 2012, INT J SPORT FINANC, V7, P99; Frey JH, 1998, ANN AM ACAD POLIT SS, V556, P138, DOI 10.1177-0002716298556001011; Gebhardt I, 2008, GLUCKSSPIEL IN DEUTSCHLAND: OKONOMIE, RECHT, SUCHT, P276, DOI 10.1515-9783899495546.2.276; Hichar M., 2009, GAMING LAW REV EC, V13, P106, DOI [10.1089-glre.2009.13202, DOI 10.1089-GLRE.2009.13202]; Hill D., 2010, FIX SOCCER ORG CRIME; Hill D, 2009, EUR SPORT MANAG Q, V9, P411, DOI 10.1080-16184740903332018; Hosmer-Henner A., 2008, GAMING LAW REV EC, V14, P31, DOI 10.1089-glre.2010.14107; Houlihan B., 2008, HDB SPORTS STUDIES, P213; Keman H., 2008, COMP POLIT, P63; Knill C., 2008, COMP POLIT, P495; Koopmann O., 2008, SPORTWETTEN DEUTSCHL; Kuper S., 2009, SOCCERNOMICS, P157; Lee PC, 2008, EUR SPORT MANAG Q, V8, P45, DOI 10.1080-16184740701814407; Littler A., 2007, REGULATION GAMBLING; Maennig Wolfgang, 2005, EUR SPORT MANAG Q, V5, P187, DOI DOI 10.1080-16184740500188821; Major League Baseball, RUL 21 MISC; Markovits A.S., 2007, QUERPASS SPORT POLIT; McMillen Jan, 1996, GAMBLING CULTURES ST; National Basketball Association, 3 POINT PLAY NO BETT; National Collegiate Athletic Association, DONT BET IT; National Football League (NFL), 2010, COACH PLAYER 2010 GU; Nolte M., 2010, STAATLICH REGULIERTE; Petroczi A, 2009, EUR SPORT MANAG Q, V9, P349, DOI 10.1080-16184740903343585; Pfanner Eric, 2010, NY TIMES; Rodenberg RM, 2009, EUR SPORT MANAG Q, V9, P375, DOI 10.1080-16184740903331853; ROSE IN, 2009, INT GAM LAW 2 ED, P1; Thompson I., 2009, SPORTS ILLUSTRATED; Thompson William Norman, 2001, GAMBLING AM ENCY HIS; Thompson W.N., 1997, LEGALIZED GAMBLING R; Werner T., 2008, COMP POLIT, P34810
Sovereign wealth funds as a new instrument of climate protection policy? : A case study of Norway as a pioneer of ethical guidelines for investment policy
No full textIn 1990 a sovereign wealth fund was founded in Norway in which the country invests surpluses from oil and gas industry sales. The fund is designed to secure the state's ability to act in a post-petroleum era. At the end of the 1990's the voice of Norwegian civil society insisted that the sovereign wealth fund should not only ensure intergenerational justice, but should also contribute to the implementation of values and norms of the present country. At the end of 2004 the parliament finally agreed upon ethical regulations for the investment of the sovereign wealth fund. Now the second largest sovereign wealth fund in the world only invests in businesses that adhere to those ethical regulations. In the present paper, I seek to illustrate the emergence and outcomes of this new development in the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund
Renewable energy policies in the Gulf countries : a case study of the carbon-neutral "Masdar City" in Abu Dhabi
No full textThe Gulf countries are largely dependent on exporting oil and natural gas for their national budgets. They mainly use domestic fossil fuels for their domestic energy supply. In spite of favorable geographic conditions, especially for solar energy, renewable energies are still a niche application. Abu Dhabi, besides Dubai, the most important emirate in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has now started a process of "transforming oil wealth into renewable energy leadership", and has set the long-term goal of a "transition from a 20th Century, carbon-based economy into a 21st Century sustainable economy." This article is a case study about "Masdar City", a planned carbon-neutral town in Abu Dhabi. The article describes the key characteristics of Masdar City, analyses the drivers behind the project, identifies the main actors for its implementation, and seeks obstacles to creation and development as well as the policy behind Masdar City. Finally, a first judgment of possible diffusion effects of the project is done
The Beat of the Economic Heart: Joseph Schumpeter and Arthur Spiethoff on Business Cycles
No full textThe paper discusses the relationship between Arthur Spiethoff and Joseph A. Schumpeter, the men and their works. Had it not been for Spiethoff Schumpeter would in all probability have forever been lost to scientific work. It was Spiethoff who brought the Austrian back to academia and research after a sequence of serious mishaps in politics and banking. Spiethoff's contribution to an analysis of business cycles is then summarized and important similarities and some differences between it and Schumpeter's are pointed out. The view of Spiethoff and Schumpeter that cycles are endogenous and cannot possibly be eliminated without at the same time eliminating the dynamism of the capitalist economy is then couterposed with views of some of their contemporaries and particularly modern mainstream macroeconomics that this is not so.Schumpeter; Spiethoff; business cycles; innovations; creative destruction
Formation of ribbon-like defects during low-temperature annealing of Czochralski-grown silicon
No full text(Invited) The Legacy of Ulrich Gösele in the Science and Technology of Wafer Bonding and Smart Cut: In Memoriam Ulrich Gösele (1949 - 2009)
No full textIt is generally known that Ulrich Gösele has made numerous important contributions in different distinguished areas in materials science: diffusion and defects in semiconductors, semiconductor nanoparticles and nanowires, silicon photonics and photonic crystals, self-organized nanoscale structures, and semiconductor wafer bonding. The paper will honor his contribution to the development of wafer bonding techniques and the understanding of the physical and chemical processes at the interfaces of bonded wafers.</jats:p
- …
