1,721,121 research outputs found
The huge burden of dementia in Latin America
Full text linkAs mentioned in your Editorial,1 dementia is having a huge social and economic eff ect in Latin American countries. The prevalence of dementia in people aged 65 years and older is about 7·1%.2 As the population continues to age, about 7·6 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean are estimated to develop dementia by 2030.3 Latin America faces the same challenges in dealing with dementia as rich countries do, but with a much lower level of preparedness and relatively little awareness. For example, we have reported4 that, even among neurologists, a substantial number of practicing physicians that diagnose dementia will do so without providing a specifi c diagnosis of the dementia type.Fil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentin
Neuropsychological Evaluation of the Frontotemporal Dementia
No full textDiagnosis of Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) requires -besides brain imagining- a careful evaluation of diverse aspects including genetic and neuropathological, behavioural problems and cognitive processes. The complexity of the symptoms observed in this disease damaging the frontal and temporal lobes creates the necessity for a very careful neuropsychological examination.In this chapter we present all the test and batteries usefull to assess Frontotemporal dementia.Fil: Torralva, Teresa. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Cuitiño Carricaburo, María Macarena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Our brain enjoys making friends
Full text linkIs it important to have friends? Why do we enjoy spending time with them? Do we learn differently around our friends? Neuroscience research is helping us to answer some of these questions by looking at the way our brain allows us to, and benefts from, interacting with other humans. Part of the reason why human brains are so complex is that our interactions with others are so complex; we are social creatures and have been living in groups for thousands of years. Our brain has developed the ability to handle the complexity of the social world that our species (human beings) have created. We organize our interactions into different levels of complexity: we tell apart our closest family members, we can help our neighbors, we belong to a nation, and we recognize ourselves as a part of the large world. But why have humans developed such complex social organizations? Interacting with others has been helpful to us as a species: there is something about cooperating with others that made us more ft to survive through evolution.Fil: Gleichgerrcht, Ezequiel. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Salvarezza, Florencia. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Bridging psychiatry and neurology through social neuroscience
Full text linkEn este trabajo se resalta el rol multinivel de la neurociencia social para construir puentes entre los cuadros psiquiátricos y neurológicos a través de la presentación de la versión conductual de la demencia frontotemporal (vcDFT). Se analizas el rol de la genética, las redes cerebrales de atrofia, la cognición social y los factores socioculturales en la explicación de la conducta social de la bvFTD.Fil: Ibañez, Agustin Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Kuljis, Rodrigo O.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Matallana, Diana. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentin
Gesture influences the processing of figurative language in non-native speakers: ERP evidence
No full textGestures should play a role in second language comprehension, given their importance in conveying contextual information. In this study, the N400 and the LPC were evaluated in a task involving the observation of videos showing utterances accompanied by gestures. Students studying advanced (G-High participants) and basic German (G-Low participants) as a second language were investigated. The utterance-gesture congruence and metaphoric meaning of content were manipulated during the task. As in previous ERP reports with native speakers, metaphorical expressions were sensitive to gestures. In G-Low participants, no modulation in the 300-500 ms window was observed, and only a modest effect was observed for the 500-700 ms window. More subtle differences of verbal expression were not processed in this group. Consistent with previous reports of the same paradigm with native speakers, the N400 from G-High group discriminated both congruent and incongruent gestures as well as literal and metaphorical sentences. Our results suggest that semantic processing is robust in the learning of a second language, although the amplitude modulation and latency of ERPs might depend on the speaker's proficiency level. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Fil: Ibáñez Barassi, Agustín Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Escobar, Josefina. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Trujillo, Natalia. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Andreucci, Paola. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Hurtado, Esteban. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Universidad Católica de Chile; Chil
Context-sensitive social cognition is impaired in schizophrenic patients and their healthy relatives
Full text linkSocial Cognition performance has been extensively studies within the schizophrenic population since Frith (1992) proposed a model relatin mentalizin deficits and symptoms of the disorder. Moreover, recent research has suggested that social cognition is also pronounced when highly sophisticated tests are used.Fil: Riveros, R.. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Hurtado, E.. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Escobar, M.. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Martin Reyes, M.. Hospital Virgen del Camino; EspañaFil: Cetkovich, M. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Ibáñez Barassi, Agustín Mariano. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentin
Neurocognitive functioning in early-onset and late-onset older patients with euthymic bipolar disorder
Full text linkObjective Most neurocognitive studies have not taken into account the fact that older patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are a heterogeneous population. The main goal of this study was to compare neurocognitive performance and extrapyramidal symptoms in older patients with early-onset BD (EO-BD) and late-onset BD (LO-BD). Methods Euthymic older patients with EO-BD (n = 20), LO-BD (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 20) were evaluated with traditional clinical instruments and measures of exposure to psychotropic drugs, as well as extrapyramidal symptoms. All subjects completed an extensive neuropsychological battery. Results Patients with EO-BD showed poorer performance than healthy controls in two measures of verbal memory and two measures of executive functions, whereas patients with LO-BD exhibited lower performance scores than healthy controls in almost all of the measures assessed. Impairments in the LO-BD group included even neurocognitive domains typically spared in mixed-age patients. Additionally, there was a trend toward displaying higher extrapyramidal symptoms in the LO-BD group compared with both EO-BD and healthy control groups. In both patient groups, psychosocial functioning was related with executive dysfunction and extrapyramidal symptoms. Conclusions Patients with LO-BD may have more extensive and severe cognitive impairments, as well as higher vulnerability to extrapyramidal symptoms, compared with patients with EO-BD. Cognitive-motor disturbances may help to explain impairments in daily functioning among older patients with EO-BD and LO-BD during remission.Fil: Martino, Diego Javier. Universidad Favaloro. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Neurociencias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Strejilevich, Sergio. Universidad Favaloro. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Neurociencias; Argentina. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Neurociencias; Argentin
Los presidentes también toman decisiones
No full textTodas sus decisiones conscientes, sean banales (como qué medias ponerse) o trascendentales (ehem, como leer este libro), se erigen sobre una trama de impredictibilidad e irracionalidad, atravesada por las vicisitudes de la historia, la sociedad, la personalidad y la coyuntura del momento. Más aún, el grueso de las decisiones responde a factores inconscientes, influenciados por estados emocionales, sesgos implícitos y creencias erradas (por supuesto, mucho menos en su caso que en el nuestro). Estos mecanismos determinan las decisiones que toma segundo a segundo, incluso cuando no quiere y, muchas veces, sin que se entere. De ellos, estimado mandatario, depende en gran medida el itinerario de su destino y el de sus compatriotas. Las neurociencias ofrecen una plataforma para desenmarañar este lío. Para ello, proponen un diálogo entre muchas disciplinas que se interesan por las decisiones, como la ecología del comportamiento, la neuroeconomía, la psicología cognitiva y social, la estadística, la teoría probabilística y la biología. Con tales insumos se generan modelos para entender un sinfín de fenómenos, desde cómo ciertas abejas escogen un patrón de vuelo para determinar las acciones de sus obreras, hasta las ponderaciones que usted pone en marcha al dirimirse entre la guerra y la paz. Así, equipadas con sofisticados métodos de investigación, las neurociencias persiguen los mismos objetivos que sus asesores: comprender, predecir e incluso manipular la toma de decisiones. En ese afán, como veremos a continuación, avanzan de lo simple y seguro hacia lo complejo e impredecible.Fil: Ibáñez, Santiago Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: García, Adolfo Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; ArgentinaFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva; Argentin
Circadian rhythms in the vegetative state
Full text linkObjective: To evaluate whether vegetative state patients maintain circadian rhythms.
Research design: An observational study of five single cases.
Methods and procedures: Five chronic vegetative state patients underwent clinical and neurological evaluations and 2-week continuous temperature measurements.
Main outcomes and results: The two patients with traumatic brain injury showed well-formed circadian temperature rhythms and had more reflexive behaviours and relatively low cortical and sub-cortical atrophy, whereas the three patients from anoxic-hypoxic origin demonstrated no cycles or rhythmic behaviour.
Conclusions: The presence of periods of wakefulness does not imply preserved sleep–wake cycling capacity, nor preserved circadian rhythms and it should not be taken as a distinguishing feature for the definition of the vegetative state.Fil: Bekinschtein, Tristán Andrés. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; Argentina. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Addenbrooke; Reino Unido. Medical Research Council; Reino UnidoFil: Golombek, Diego Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Simonetta, Sergio Hernan. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Coleman, Martin R.. Addenbrooke; Reino UnidoFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia. Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas "Raúl Carrea"; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
Cerebellar Stroke Impairs Executive Functions But Not Theory of Mind
Full text linkEven though cerebellar activation has been described during theory of mind (ToM) tasks in neuroimaging studies, no previous studies have investigated ToM in group of patients with cerebellar strokes. In the present study we assessed 11 patients with cerebellar infarction on a variety of executive tests and with the Faux Pas test of ToM. Even if cerebellar patients showed significant deficits on executive tasks relative to a control group, no significant differences were found between the groups on the Faux Pas test. This is the first group study to demonstrate that focal cerebellar lesions don't affect ToM.Fil: Roca, María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Universidad Favaloro. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Gleichgerrcht, Ezequiel. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Ibáñez Barassi, Agustín Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Torralva, Teresa. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Manes, Facundo Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Neurociencias; Argentin
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