80 research outputs found
Genetic Studies and Selection for Ear Length of Sweet Corn (Zea Mays L.)
No full textThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of introgression of exotic
germplasm into elite local sweet corn populations, and to determine the genetic
responses to two cycles of mass and selfed progeny selections on two sweet
corn populations after introgression.
At the initial stage of this study, two elite local sweet corn populations (BC1-10
and BC1-9) were crossed to two exotic synthetic populations (Syn-I and Syn-II).
The resulting population crosses and their parents were evaluated for
performance in comparison with two check varieties. Subsequently, two
superior populations, BC1-10 x Syn-II and BC2-10, which revealed high
performance, were selected and used as base populations to initiate selection
experiments.In the selection experiments, two cycles of mass selection (MS) and selfed
progeny selection (SPS) for ear length were conducted on BC1-10 x Syn-II and
BC2-10 at the Institute of Bioscience Farm, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM).
The improved populations generated from the two base populations through MS
and SPS, were evaluated with the base populations at two locations, the
University Agriculture Park and the Institute of Bioscience Farm, in UPM.
In BC2-10 derived populations, the predicted responses to MS were 24.7% in
C1 and 18.8% in C2, whereas the predicted responses to SPS were 13.2% in
C1 and 9.8% in C2. A similar trend was shown in BC1-10 x Syn-II derived
populations, where the predicted responses to MS were 22.3% in C1 and
16.0% in C2, while the predicted responses to SPS were 9.9% in C1 and 8.3%
in C2.
The improved populations generated from the two base populations showed
varied average realized responses to the two cycles of MS and SPS conducted.
In BC2-10 derived populations, the realized responses to MS were 5.1% in C1
and 4.8% in C2, whereas the realized responses to SPS were 9.1% in C1 and
1.2% in C2. In BC1-10 x Syn-II derived populations, the realized responses to
MS were 5.5% in C1 and 2.9% in C2, while the realized responses to SPS were
5.6% in C1 and 2.9% in C2.Based on the mean values over both locations, BC2-10 MS C2 revealed higher
husked fresh ear yield (13 864 kg/ha), dehusked fresh ear yield (11115 kg/ha),
husked ear length (24.6 cm), dehusked ear length (17.1 cm), husked ear
diameter (46.7 mm), and number of kernels per row (42.9) than the base
population (BC2-10 C0) which had mean values of 12 350 kg/ha, 10229 kg/ha,
23.7 cm, 16.0 cm, 45.1 mm and 39.1 for the same traits, respectively. A similar
trend was observed on BC1-10 x Syn-II MS C2 which revealed higher
dehusked fresh ear yield (10 616 kg/ha) than the base population (BC1-10 x
Syn-II C0) which had 9 654 kg/ha.
Ear length, which was used as the selection criterion in this study, showed high
broad-sense heritability in BC2-10 and BC1-10 x Syn-II derived populations,
while dehusked fresh ear yield revealed low heritability, indicating that selection
for ear length if conducted on these populations in the succeeding generations
would be more effective than selection for fresh ear yield.
Based on data across locations, fresh ear yield showed strong positive
correlations with ear length and ear diameter, indicating that, selection for any
of these traits could produce improvement of fresh ear yield.
The results of this study have indicated that introgression of exotic germplasm
into elite local populations had effectively increased earliness in flowering,
shortness of plants, kernel sweetness and yield in the population cross BC1-10 Syn-II. The two cycles of MS and SPS conducted on BC2-10 and BC1-10 x
Syn-II were effective in improving ear length and some correlated traits. Further
selection on these populations could offer better responses in the succeeding
generations
Investigation of Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Solvent Fractions of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of Achyranthes Aspera L. (Amaranthaceae) in Rats [Retraction]
No full textMengie T, Mequanente S, Nigussie D, Legesse B, Makonnen E. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:1775—1787.
We, the Editors and Publisher of the Journal of Inflammation Research, have retracted the following article.
Since publication, concerns have been raised about the integrity of the data in the article, specifically image duplication in Figure 2. When approached for an explanation, the authors have been unable to provide their original data or the relevant supporting documentation. As verifying the validity of published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, we are therefore retracting the article. The corresponding author listed in this publication has been informed. The authors do not agree with the retraction.
We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and the COPE guidelines.
The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes for Yield and its Components in Ethiopia
No full textPhenotypic Diversity for Qualitative Characters of Some Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Germplasm
No full textBarley is believed to have originated in Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and Southeast Asia .Sixty
four barley genotypes were tested in 8x8 simple lattice design at Atsbi, Ofla and Quiha
environments in Tigray region, in 2009/10. The overall objective was to determine the
nature and degree of variability in morpho- agronomic traits of barley germplasm. Three
types of seed/kernel colors, as quality criteria observed were white, tan/red and black in
the percentage of 96.87%, except the genotypes Eritrea07 1, and ISEBON 14 with a seed
color of tan red and black respectively added to the variability of 1.56% each. From this
study, 60.69 % found as two-row type, 31.26% six-row types and 7.81% irregular type
across locations. It was observed that from these barley genotypes had a spike density of
which 6.25% were lax, 64.06% intermediate and 29.69% dense. All the testing entries
were awnletted and the caryopsis or kernel covering with a percentage of the genotypes
were, 21.88%, 10.94% and 65.64% stands for naked, semi-covered and covered types
respectively across locations. The phenotypic diversity index values for qualitative traits
ranged from 0.0 (monomorphic) for lemma/ hood to 0.86 high polymorphic for row
number, for awn color (H’= 0.71), kernel covering (H’=0.84) and spike density
(H’=0.82) revealed the highest diversity. Glume color (H’=0.34) and gain color
(H’=0.16), relatively showed the lowest diversit
Heterosis and Heterobeltiosis Study of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotypes in Southern Ethiopia
No full textStudy of Genetic Diversity in Different Genotypes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Based on Cluster and Principal Component Analyses
No full textBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) belongs to the family Poaceae, tribe Triticaeae and genus Hordeum. An experiment
was carried out to assess genetic diversity by cluster and principal component analysis (PCA) for yield and its
contributing characters in Sixty four barley genotypes. The varieties were tested in 8x8 simple lattice design at
Atsbi, Ofla and Quiha environments in Tigray region, in 2009/10. Cluster analysis revealed that the 64 genotypes
were grouped in 5 distinct clusters for Atsbi and Quiha, while it was 6 for Ofla. Distance between clusters showed
significant difference except between cluster I with III at Atsbi, between cluster II and III with IV at Quiha, and
between cluster III and IV, and cluster II and IV at Ofla respectively, for most of studied characters. Principal
component analysis showed that the first four principal components explained about 82.16% of the total
variation, while the first three principal components with 69.27% and 72.04% at Ofla and Quiha environments
respectively
Genotype-environment interaction and stability analysis for grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in Ethiopia
No full textFifteen maize genotypes were tested at nine different locations in 2005 under rainfed condition to determine stable maize genotypes for grain yield and determine genotypes with high yield and form homogenous grouping of environments and genotypes. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. There was considerable variation among genotypes and environments for grain yield. Stability was estimated using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI). Based on the stability analysis, genotypes 30H83, BH-540, Ambo Synth-1, AMH-800 and BHQP-543 were found to be stable for grain yield. The first two Interaction Principal Component axis (IPCA1 and IPCA2) were significant (
Correlation Among Some Statistical Measures of Phenotypic Stability in Maize (Zea mays L.)
No full textEvaluation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for drought tolerance using morpho-physiological traits under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions.
No full textIncreasing frequency of drought spells occasioned by changing climatic conditions, coupled with rise in demand for bread wheat, calls for the development of high yielding drought resilient genotypes to enhance bread wheat production in areas with moisture deficit. This study was designed to identify and select drought-tolerant bread wheat genotypes using morpho-physiological traits. One hundred and ninety-six bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments, under well-watered (80% of field capacity) and drought-stressed (35% of field capacity) conditions, for two years. Data were collected on five morphological traits (flag leaf size, flag leaf angle, flag leaf rolling, leaf waxiness and resistance to diseases) and 14 physiological traits. Relative water content (RWC), Excised leaf water retention (ELWR), Relative water loss (RWL), Leaf membrane stability index (LMSI), as well as Canopy temperature depression (CTD) at heading (CTDH), anthesis (CTDA), milking (CTDM), dough stage (CTDD) and ripening (CTDR) were estimated. Similarly, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD reading) was recorded at heading (SPADH), anthesis (SPADA), milking (SPADM), dough stage (SPADD), and ripening (SPADR). Significant (p<0.01) genotypic differences were found for the traits under both well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. Associations of RWL with SPADH, SPADA, SPADM, SPADD and SPADR were significant (p<0.01) and negative under both watering regimes. The first three principal components accounted for 92.0% and 88.4% of the total variation under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions, respectively and comprised all the traits. The traits CTDD, CTDM, CTDR, SPADH, SPADA, SPADM, SPADD and SPADR with genotypes Alidoro, ET-13A2, Kingbird, Tsehay, ETBW 8816, ETBW 9027, ETBW9402, ETBW 8394 and ETBW 8725 were associated under both conditions. Genotypes with narrow flag leaves, erect flag leaf angles, fully rolled flag leaves, heavily waxed leaves, and resistant to disease manifested tolerance to drought stress. The identified traits and genotypes could be exploited in future breeding programmes for the development of bread wheat genotypes with tolerance to drought
Heterosis and combining ability of drought tolerant sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes using line x tester analysis
No full textSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L).Moench] is the leading crop in the arid and semiarid tropics, where
drought significantly affects crop production. The use of improved cultivar, in particular hybrid,
was found to be the major component as part of the integrated approach of extenuating the extreme
effect of drought. A line x tester analysis involving 32 hybrids that resulted from crossing among
eight lines and four testers along with two standard checks were studied for 16 characters to generate
information on combining ability, gene action and heterosis with respect to growth, phenological and
yield and yield components linked to drought tolerance. All 46 entries (32 F1s, 12 parents and 2
checks) were evaluated at drought prone area, Sirinka Agricultural Research Center Kobo trial site,
using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. AGROBASE 20 and SAS
version 9.1 were used for analysis of variance (ANOVA) as well as for GCA and SCA analysis. In the
analysis the total genotypic variances were partitioned into variation due to lines, testers and their
interaction. The GCA and SCA effects were significant for most of the characters studied. The SCA
effects were of greater magnitude than GCA effects, which showed greater manifestation of nonadditive gene effects. The ratio of SCA to GCA also revealed predominance of non additive gene
effects. Performances of M90950 and P-9529 among the CMS and PDL 984928, WSV 387 and ICSR
161 among the restorers were better for most of the traits. CMS lines P-851015, P-9532 and P-850341
and restorer ICSR 161 and WSV 387 were the best general combiners for most of the traits studied.
Mean grain yield of crosses was 3.63 t ha-1 with a range of 2.73 to 5.51 t ha-1. Cross combination P851015xWSV 387 gave the maximum grain yield 5.51 t ha-1. Not a single cross combination showed
consistent promising results for all traits, however, the cross combinations P-9532 x PDL 984928, P850341 x ICSR 161, P-851015 x WSV 387, P-9534 x WSV 387 and P- 851063 x WSV387 showed
higher specific combining effects for grain yield, number of green leaves per plant and other yield
components. Most of the crosses exhibited significant positive heterosis over the mid- parent and
standard check value for all traits, however, some of the crosses also depicted negative but desirable
heterosis for traits like days to 50% emergency, flowering, maturity and seedling vigor. Generally, this
study gave valuable information on the effect of gene action on the performance of crosses as well as
identified best general and specific combiners for drought tolerance. However, these should be
confirmed further over many locations and seasons
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