25 research outputs found
Hybrid indoor positioning utilizing multipath- assisted fingerprint and geometric estimation for single base station systems
Get PDFIndoor positioning technology is becoming increasingly influential in indoor applications, akin to how Global Navigation Satellite Systems revolutionized outdoor navigation. One of the primary challenges in indoor settings is multipath propagation, where wireless signals encounter reflections, diffractions, and scattering, yielding less accurate position estimates. Rather than combating multipath errors, this thesis leverages them as they encapsulate how radio waves interact with the environment that stores the position-related information of the base station (BS) and the mobile station (MS). This thesis proposes a hybrid indoor positioning method for single base station systems by jointly utilizing the fingerprinting method and geometric multilateration. The proposed method leverages room geometry and takes advantage of the multipath signal propagation to construct multiple virtual base station system model. This is done based on the concept of mirror image to determine potential virtual base stations (VBSs) with respect to the reflection surfaces where the multipath rays bounce off before arriving at the MS. The methodological framework of the proposed method comprises two main phases which are fingerprinting phase and position estimation phase. In the fingerprinting phase, classifiers are trained in two stages, each to predict the MS regions and reflection surfaces, respectively. The key attributes that establish the classification learning sessions are the channel parameters extracted from the ray tracing generated multipath signals. The channel parameters such as received power, time of arrival, and angle of arrival are used as fingerprint features that act as predictors in both learning sessions. The performance of the selected trained classifiers is evaluated based on the accuracy, precision, sensitivity and the F1-score. The results show that Coarse K-Nearest Neighbours is the optimal classifier that predicts MS regions at an exceptionally high accuracy, while Support Vector Machine Kernel is the optimal classifier that perfectly predicts the reflection surfaces. In the position estimation phase, a novel Geometric Random Sample Consensus (Geometric-RANSAC) multilateration method is proposed by optimizing the MS position estimate over several potential position estimates calculated using regional 3D geometric equations. When compared to a simple fingerprinting method, the median error for the hybrid method is observed to be 4.06 cm, which is substantially lower than the 538 cm median error of the fingerprinting method. Furthermore, 95% of the MS’s positions are estimated with less than 7.86 cm of error, in contrast to the 773 cm 95th percentile error exhibited by the fingerprinting method. Notably, the proposed Geometric-RANSAC exceptionally outperforms various least squares methods by achieving a median distance error and the 95th percentile at 4.06 cm and 7.86 cm, respectively. Despite the reduced robustness of the Geometric-RANSAC algorithm when applied to scenarios with a limited number of VBSs, its exceptional accuracy compensates for this limitation. This study makes a significant contribution by introducing a hybrid method that leverages multipath signals to achieve centimeter-level accuracy in indoor positioning systems
Real-time Wi-Fi network performance evaluation
Get PDFThe most critical parameters that indicate the Wi-Fi network are throughput, delay, latency, and packet loss since they provide significant benefits, especially to the end-user. This research aims to investigate Wi-Fi performance in an indoor environment for light-of-sight (LOS) and non-light-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. The effect of the surrounding obstacles and distance has also been reported in the paper. The parameters measured are packet loss, the packet sent, the packet received, throughput, and latency. Site measurement is done to obtain real-time and optimum results. The measured parameters are then validated using the EMCO ping monitor 8 software. The comparison results between the measurement and the simulation are well presented in this paper. Additionally, the measurement distance is done up to 30 meters and the results are reported in the paper as well. The results indicate that the throughput value decreases with an increasing distance, where the lowest throughput value is 24.64 Mbps and the highest throughput value is 70.83 Mbps. Next, the maximum latency value from the measurement is 79 ms, while the lowest latency value is 56.09 ms. Finally, this research verified that obstacles and distances are among the contributing factors affecting the throughput and latency performance of the Wi-Fi network
NOAA Weather Satellite Station at KUTKM
Get PDFA ground station has been installed at Kolej Universiti Teknikal Kebangsaan Malaysia (KUTKM) to receive the VHF signal form the United State National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Low Earth Orbiting Satellite (LEO) weather satellite series. The satellite signal was received and decoded as image which was displayed on computer screen in the form of visible light, infra-red or the combination of both. The image file is then processed and stored into a local computer for meteorology study in KUTKM
Online Signature Verification System
No full textOnline signature verification is a process of verifying the writer's identity by using signature verification system. This system can be use as a security system such as verification for assessing entry application and password substitutions. Signature verification technology requires primarily a digitizing tablet and a special pen connected to the universal serial bus port (USB port) of a computer. An individual can sign on the digitizing tablet using the special pen regardless of his signature size and position. The signature is characterized as pen-strokes consisting x-y coordinates and the data will be stored in the signature database in the form of a txt.file. These characteristics uniquely identify a person and cannot be mimicked or stolen. In this project, the method of support vector machine (SVM) is used to focuses in verifying the signature
Development Of Miniature Base Transceiver Station Using Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting
Get PDFThis study developed miniature of base transceiver station powered up by radio frequency energy harvesting. Base transceiver station is one of the major equipment in telecommunication system that able to transmit the signal to the receiver such as mobile phones which let it to complete the communication process. However, the base station need to have power supply to powered up the equipment. Previously studied, the base station’s power supply was from nature sources such as solar energy or wind energy. Due to the unstable
condition of the weather, the power radiated might not be able to power up the base station hence, RF energy harvested was introduced. There are 3 main objectives of the project, firstly is to develop the basic concept of base transceiver station with radio frequency energy harvesting. Second, to implement the hall effect sensor into the concept of the base transceiver station. Third, to analyze the idea of the miniature of base transceiver station by look through the output and radio frequency energy harvesting. The RF energy harvested shows one of the methods to overcome this problem. RF energy harvested are one of the tools that need low frequency signal for it to transmit the power to the base transceiver station. The LEDs as the output which indicated as the antenna on the base transceiver station lights up as the hardware connection being made. Hence, the circuit for the RF energy harvesting and the hall sensor effect that will light up the LEDs shown. This study will show the implementation of the RF energy harvesting to the equipment
Real-time Wi-Fi network performance evaluation
Get PDFThe most critical parameters that indicate the Wi-Fi network are throughput, delay, latency, and packet loss since they provide significant benefits, especially to the end-user. This research aims to investigate Wi-Fi performance in an indoor environment for light-of-sight (LOS) and nonlight-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. The effect of the surrounding obstacles and distance has also been reported in the paper. The parameters measured are packet loss, the packet sent, the packet received, throughput, and latency. Site measurement is done to obtain real-time and optimum results. The measured parameters are then validated using the EMCO ping monitor 8 software. The comparison results between the measurement and the simulation are well presented in this paper. Additionally, the measurement distance is done up to 30 meters and the results are reported in the paper as well. The results indicate that the throughput value decreases with an increasing distance, where the lowest throughput value is 24.64 Mbps and the highest throughput value is 70.83 Mbps. Next, the maximum latency value from the measurement is 79 ms, while the lowest latency value is 56.09 ms. Finally, this research verified that obstacles and distances are among the contributing factors affecting the throughput and latency performance of the Wi-Fi network
Analysis of 4G mobile network coverage in UTeM technology campus
Get PDFThis paper proposes an analysis of the coverage performance of 4G cellular services in UTeM Technology Campus. The performance of the cellular services is presented as the network’s coverage profile which is based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The area under study is virtually divided into 64 grid points where the average RSSI measurements are captured by using an open source software namely G-Mon. The measured values are mapped into the network coverage profile which represents the signal reception quality at each of the grid points. A statistical analysis called Two-Way ANOVA is performed to investigate the correlation of the performance of 4G cellular services in UTeM Technology Campus with the mobile phone brands and service operators. Based on the analysis, it is found that the signal reception in outdoor areas are better than that of indoor areas. In addition, the analysis shows that the propagation loss and signal degradation are two factors that contribute to the 4G services’ performance in UTeM Technology Campus
A review of technologies and techniques for indoor positioning systems
Get PDFLocation-based services are among important applications in current telecommunication networks which causes an increasing demand in the advancements of indoor positioning
systems (IPS). This paper presents a comprehensive review of the technologies and techniques employed in recent works related to IPS and discusses the challenges in IPS implementations. This study widely categorizes indoor positioning technologies into five types which are computer vision, short-range communication, acoustic-based, magnetic
methods, and radio frequency (RF) technologies. The strengths and limitations of each technology is discussed based on its accuracy, coverage, infrastructure, implementation cost and signal characteristics. The literature study shows that range-based and fingerprinting are two main techniques employed in IPS. In addition, the study indicates that fingerprinting methods utilizing Wi-Fi and cellular networks are prevalent due to their widespread
availability. However, these technologies face some challenges such as multipath fading, signal instability, device heterogeneity, infrastructure and cost implications, computational complexity, and privacy and security concerns. This paper emphasizesthe need for innovative approaches to enhance positioning accuracy and reduce infrastructure costs, thereby fostering broader adoption of IPS across diverse applications
The Evolution Of Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring System For Personal Application
Get PDFGlucose monitoring technology has been used by diabetic patients to monitor their blood glucose level for the past three decades. This technology is very useful for managing diet among diabetic patients. This paper reviews the fundamental technique of blood glucose detection method and the development of blood glucose monitoring systems that have been developed ever since. The most common and widely used technique is an invasive technique that requires users to prick their finger to draw the blood. However, recently a lot of new technologies have been developed for non-invasive technique to monitor blood glucose monitoring and studies in this area are growing rapidly. Among all, the optical and transdermal approach are the two most potential sensing modalities for non-invasive glucose monitoring that show a very good prospect
Joint beat-spectrum averaging in a multi-frequency MIMO radar approach on a slow-fluctuating object range detection
Get PDFRadar is widely applied in detecting such as aircrafts, ships and motor vehicles, mainly for security and safety purposes.
However, a small object is hard to be detected moreover if it is fluctuating. Meanwhile, utilisation of a multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) in the radar configuration has been acknowledged in many recent works, benefiting from its
waveform diversity. In this study, various processing schemes for a MIMO frequency modulated continuous waveform
(FMCW) radar were evaluated in detecting a slow-fluctuating object due to water ripples. Employing small and
lightweight commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) modules, a 2×2 co-located MIMO radar configuration was constructed.
Beat signals received were post-processed in MATLAB, applying a spectrum averaging (SA), beat averaging (BA) and
finally, merging the BA together with SA (BA-SA) schemes. The performance was compared against various averaging
methods for MIMO processing, and a single-input single-output (SISO) configuration. Performance was analysed in
terms of probability of range error, range error means, root mean square error (RMSE) and scattering index (SI). It was
observed that MIMO was performing against SISO, and the combination of BA-SA in MIMO signal processing yielded
the best result in all performance indicators compared to other evaluated schemes
