1,721,053 research outputs found
The Relationships Among Drive for Muscularity, Drive for Thinness, Doping Attitudes, and Doping Intentions in Adolescents.
No full textThe contribution of moral disengagement to adolescents' use of doping substances
No full textThe present research focused on the general hypothesis that moral disengagement, which involves individuals' specific means to deactivate moral censures, may partly account for adolescents' propensity to use doping substances. It also summarised novel analyses from a comprehensive dataset involving 1,975 Italian high-school students, which firstly showed that different mechanisms of moral disengagement loaded on a single dimension and, secondly, evidenced that moral disengagement had reciprocal longitudinal relations with a series of doping-related variables, namely, positive attitudes, self-regulatory efficacy to resist social pressure for doping, social norms concerning approval for doping use, and doping intentions. Furthermore, these patterns of social-cognitive relations partly accounted for adolescents' use of doping. Thirdly, a series of analyses tested whether the relations among these variables vary with participants' sport motivational orientations. The findings of the present study emphasise the importance of moral disengagement in the complex system of psychological variables that can influence the choice of using performance-enhancing drugs
L’auto-efficacia è un predittore della prestazione arbitrale nel calcio
No full textThe aim of the study is to evaluate if self-efficacy predicts football officials' performance, judged by outside observers. Participants: At the beginning of the football championship season 216 Italian football's officials (mean age = 19.38, d.s. 1.9) completed a 13-item specifically scale for officiating. Procedure: Participants have been followed for one year by outside observers who rated several aspects of their performance. Specifically, athletic, technical, behavioural and disciplinary performance scores were recorded. Several observations were collected for each official during the season. Statistical analyses: a structural equation model was run. In this model self-efficacy items were considered as indicators of a self-efficacy latent variable which have been considered as independent in the model. For each aspect of the performance (athletic, technical, behavioural and disciplinary) rated by the outside observers, it was calculated a mean of the observations collected during the year. These means served as indicators of the latent variable "performance" which has been considered as a dependent variable in the model. Results: Results indicated that the model fit adequately the data (CFI = 0,94; NNFI = 0,93; RMSEA = 0,05; CI = 0,03-0,06).The aim of the study is to evaluate if self-efficacy predicts football officials' performance, judged by outside observers. Participants: At the beginning of the football championship season 216 Italian football's officials (mean age = 19.38, d.s. 1.9) completed a 13-item specifically scale for officiating. Procedure: Participants have been followed for one year by outside observers who rated several aspects of their performance. Specifically, athletic, technical, behavioural and disciplinary performance scores were recorded. Several observations were collected for each official during the season. Statistical analyses: a structural equation model was run. In this model self-efficacy items were considered as indicators of a self-efficacy latent variable which have been considered as independent in the model. For each aspect of the performance (athletic, technical, behavioural and disciplinary) rated by the outside observers, it was calculated a mean of the observations collected during the year. These means served as indicators of the latent variable "performance" which has been considered as a dependent variable in the model. Results: Results indicated that the model fit adequately the data (CFI = 0,94; NNFI = 0,93; RMSEA = 0,05; CI = 0,03-0,06)
The contribution of interpersonal appraisals to a social-cognitive analysis of adolescents' doping use
No full textObjectives: The study aimed at extending the general finding from prior research, that adolescents' intentions to use and actual use of doping substances are influenced by a set of beliefs concerning doping use, by also evaluating whether these belief systems influence changes in doping use over time. In addition, the present study also examined the novel hypothesis that adolescents' appraisals of interpersonal encounters in which they are solicited to use doping substances would moderate the relations linking beliefs to doping intentions and doping use. Design and Methods: Nearly 900 adolescents (50.6% males, mean age = 15.6) provided longitudinal data on their attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control, self-regulatory efficacy, moral disengagement, intentions and past substance use. They also rated the intentions of counterparts who hypothetically solicited them to use substances. Results: The multivariate analysis of the relations among the key variables revealed that belief systems influenced adolescents' doping intentions, accounting for nearly 50% of their variance. Furthermore, doping intentions, in turn, longitudinally influenced and accounted for nearly 75% of the variation in adolescents' doping use. Finally, additional multi-group analyses revealed that the overall effects on adolescents' doping intentions were particularly strong (R(2) = 52) among those who made risky situational appraisals, as compared to those who showed no-risk appraisals (R(2)=.13). Conclusions: The findings of the study were consistent with the hypothesis that adolescents' doping use is regulated by doping-specific belief systems. They also suggest that the relations linking doping-specific beliefs and intentions are enhanced among adolescents who preemptively tend to assign a positive meaning to interpersonal exchanges in which others solicit doping use. Implications for prevention interventions focusing on the processes of social influences are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Adaptive functioning and behavioral, emotional and social problems of Italian university students: Indications for the University Counseling Services
No full textThe study aimed to assess the adaptive and maladaptive functioning of 250 young university female students in order to identify
their main psychological problematic areas. Results showed that students who had asked for psychological help reported higher
scores in several problematic areas than those who had never asked for psychological help. The results address the relevance of
“Avoidant Personality Problems” that highly differentiate these two groups of students. Our data confirm the presence of
adjustment problems in university students, giving local University Counselling Services indications about the main problematic
areas of their target population
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