18 research outputs found
Notomulciber (Micromulciber) viraktamathi Hiremath 2018, sp. nov.
No full textNotomulciber (Micromulciber) viraktamathi sp. nov. Description. Male (n = 2) (Figs. 1–3). Body length measured from vertex to elytral apex 12.00– 12.70 mm; Humeral width 4.17–4.60 mm. Body reddish-brown. Head and pronotum darker than elytra. Anteclypeus laterally, labrum, mandibles dark brown to black. Scape, apical third of elytra, legs excluding tarsi, metasternum and abdomen entirely adorned with several red brown circular spots, obscured on the elytral apex. Head mottled with golden yellow pubescence forming several irregular spots (Fig. 10); area around eye lobes, sides of gena with several long, erect setae; clypeus and labrum setose. Antennae setose beneath, thinly appressed golden-yellow pubescence as well as scattered short suberect setae above; antennomeres I–IV densely setose beneath, remaining segments without dense setae. Pronotum mottled with golden-yellow pubescence forming two pairs of spots on center of disk, arranged obliquely—one pre-median and other median (Fig. 12); area near anterior and posterior margins also mottled with several irregular spots of same pubescence; in dorsal view, lateral sides of pronotum adorned with dense ash grey appressed pubescence, forming inconspicuous band running from base to apex; latero-posterior area of disk and either sides of lateral spine with a few erect setae. Scutellum with median band of dense grey yellow pubescence. Elytra with disk between scutellum and humeral crest, mottled with a spot and an inwardly curving narrow longitudinal band of golden yellow pubescence (Fig. 14); lateral area near humeral crest with a minute spot of similar pubescence; surrounding area of pre-median disk with few obscure pubescent spots of same color (Fig. 14); laterally with ash-grey pubescence giving appearance of obscured longitudinal band on each side, running from base to elytral apex; elytral apex entirely covered with ash grey pubescence; elytra with five spots of white pubescence, one post-humeral and four post-median; post-humeral spot small, sometimes golden yellow in color (Fig. 14), placed laterally on elytral disk; first post-median spot fairly large, circular, placed adjacent to sub-lateral margin; remaining three spots arranged in curvilinear fashion as follows: one spot near lateral margin, about 0.6 times as large as large circular spot, placed obliquely posterior to it; second spot smaller than previous, just beneath the large circular spot; third spot placed close to sutural margin, minute, placed obliquely anterior to large circular spot. Legs with meso- and metatibiae thickly fringed with long setae on both sides. Pro- and mesosternum with inter-coxal spaces thinly covered with grey pubescence, remaining area thickly covered with grey yellow pubescence; metasternum thinly pubescent medially, laterally entirely covered with thick golden yellow pubescence. Abdomen with ventrites I–III mottled laterally with bands of golden yellow pubescence, central area thinly pubescent; ventrites IV–V entirely covered with grey-yellow pubescence. Head coarsely, deeply punctured; frons with medial black carina running from fronto-clypeal suture to vertex. Eyes deeply emarginate, lower lobes transverse, about 1.4 times as long as genae, connected to upper lobes by a single row of ommatidia. Clypeus angulated at its apical corners. Labrum trapezoidal, distinctly sclerotized, thickened towards apex; surface entirely punctate with apex coarsely punctured. Antenna about 1.4 times as long as body, surpassing elytral apex at apical quarter of antennomere VIII; antennomere I stout, widest at distal 2/3 rd, thence slightly narrowed to apex, proximally narrower than apically; antennomere III longest, 1.77 times as long as scape, 1.18 times as long as IV; antennomere V onwards decreasing; antennomeres X and XI equal in length; antennomere XI obtusely pointed; ratio of length of antennomeres as follows: 1.00: 0.16–0.18: 1.77: 1.50: 0.95–0.97: 0.86: 0.77–0.79: 0.74–0.76: 0.71–0.72: 0.66: 0.66. Pronotum coarsely, densely punctured, widest at middle, 1.44 times as wide as long, 0.85–0.86 times as wide as humeral width; central area of pronotal disk with three obscure gibbosities arranged in inverted triangular fashion: two premedian, covered with pubescent spots and one medial, devoid of such pubescence; lateral sides of pronotum with obtusely pointed spine at middle; anterior margin straight, basal margin sinuate. Elytra 0.75 times as long as body, about 3.6 times as long as pronotal length and about 2.1 times as long as humeral width; elytral disks with slightly developed post basal swellings, space between post basal swellings concave; elytra coarsely punctured up to apical third, thereafter fine punctures apically; lateral sides of elytra straight up to middle, then slightly narrowed towards apex; elytra dorsally slightly convex at apical third, thence sloping downwards towards apex; apex obliquely emarginate, regularly rounded externally (Fig. 15). Legs with mesotibiae having indistinct antennal cleaning groove at apex externally. Abdomen with last segment flat and weakly emarginate at apex. Male genitalia (Figs. 17–23). Tegmen length about 2.8 mm; sinuate in lateral view. Basal piece present, distally bifurcated, entire surface adorned with closely packed hexagonal cells. Ringed part converging, geniculated at widest portion. Lateral lobes separated, about 0.27 times as long as total length of tegmen, inner margins slightly curving in middle in ventral view; integument covered with three types of setae; apex with numerous long setae, rest of surface, except base, with randomly distributed medium sized setae and base with closely placed, comparatively shorter setae. Median lobe almost as long as tegmen; sinuate in lateral view; basal struts started from apical quarter. Apex of ventral plate roundly acuminate; antero-lateral sides grooved; integument with scattered, raised pustules in apical half. Tergite VIII trapezoidal; apex emarginate; lateral margins straight, laterally with medium-sized brown setae, apically with much longer setae and median disk covered with recumbent brownish setae. Sternite VIII on apical half covered with long brownish setae. Spiculum gastrale ‘Y’ shaped, distinctly curved distally in lateral view, about 3.6 times as long as spiculum relictum. Endophallus (Figs. 24–28) in lateral view about 4 times as long as median lobe; BPH about 0.13 times as long as endophallus with membrane hemispherically bulged at region of CS; MPH with MT about 0.14 times as long as endophallus, flask shaped; CT subequal to MT, cylindrical with lateral sides wrinkled; PB about 0.14 times as long as endophallus, spindle shaped; APH about 0.45 times as long as endophallus, vase shaped, distally with membranous sac housing two kinds of RS; first sclerite (Figs. 27) lies dorsally, paired, asymmetrical, proximally lanceolate; second sclerite (Figs. 28) placed ventrally with proximal end receiving two asymmetrical sclerotized thickened lines, middle portion of rod slightly curved while distal end with asymmetrical biforked tines; apex of longer tine bent inward while that of shorter tine slightly bent outward. MSp circular in shape, densely covers MT except small portion proximally and quarter area distally. LSp absent in CT. SSp with dash-line like appearance, compactly arranged transversely on entire surface of PB. ED single, arising medially from biforked tines of ventral rod shaped sclerite. Female (n = 1) (Figs. 4–6). Body length 13.60 mm, humeral width 5.04 mm. Similar to male in general appearance with the following differences: Head (Fig. 11), pronotum (Fig. 13), antennae, prosternum and mesosternum comparatively more densely pubescent. Antennae about 1.2 times as long as body, surpassing elytral apices at antennomere IX; ratio of length of antennomeres as follows: 1.00: 0.17: 1.69: 1.47: 0.9: 0.86: 0.83: 0.77: 0.72: 0.61: 0.61. Pronotum with spots and gibbosities on disk as in male but additionally with medial pubescent line (Fig. 13). Elytra about 3.8 times as long as pronotum, about twice as long as humeral width; apex obliquely truncate with rounded marginal angle (Fig. 16); of the three white spots arranged in curvilinear fashion on post-median disk, spot near lateral margin about 0.4 times as large as large circular spot. Last abdominal segment convex with preapical concave space; apex straight. Female genitalia (Figs. 29–31). Ovipositor about 1.87 mm. Vagina about 2.29 times as long as ovipositor and 2.77 times as long as bursa copulatrix, with transverse wrinkles on entire surface, gently bulged proximally, narrow, cylindrical towards middle, thence gradually bulged towards distal end. Bursa copulatrix clavate in shape, about 0.83 times as long as ovipositor and 0.36 times as long as vagina; surface in apical half strongly plicate. Vaginal plates lamellar, thin and hyaline. Spermathecal duct translucent, twisted, distinctly narrowed towards base, enters bursa copulatrix at its apical third. Spermatheca capitate in shape, intertwined, arising at tip of spermathecal duct separately along with spermathecal gland. Spermathecal gland basally distinctly sclerotized, tube short, thence sac like, which is proximally dilated and distally narrowed with distinct wrinkled spots on surface. Tignum slightly shorter than abdomen. In the only specimen known, tignum measured 6.24 mm while abdomen measured 6.62 mm in length. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to N. decemmaculatus and N. travancorensis. The following characters differentiate it from N. decemmaculatus: proportionate size of elytral spots (post-humeral spot comparatively bigger in N. decemmaculatus), elytra not densely punctate (densely punctate in N. decemmaculatus), elytral apex not drawn out into a lobe (drawn out into a short lobe in N. decemmaculatus). It can be distinguished from N. travancorensis by the following characters: integument reddish brown (orange-yellow in N. travancorensis), body uniformly covered with golden-yellow pubescence (grey white pubescence in N. travancorensis), central disk of the pronotum densely punctured (sparsely punctured in N. travancorensis), elytra with five white spots (four in N. travancorensis); proportionate size of elytral spots also varies. In general, elytral punctation is slightly finer and post-humeral spot distinctly smaller in N. viraktamathi sp. nov. compared to the other two Indian species. Type series. Holotype: ♂, with labels as follows: “(1) India: Kerala / Kallar / 8°42’43.0” N, 77°7’47.3” E / 19.ix.2017 / SR Hiremath Coll. / Ex. Helicteres isora (2) HOLOTYPE / Notomulciber viraktamathi n. sp. / des. Hiremath, 2018” (red label)”. Paratypes (2 specimens, both with a white locality label as given below, besides a second pink label: “ PARATYPE / Notomulciber viraktamathi n. sp. / des. Hiremath, 2018”): 1 ♂, with the same labels as for holotype; 1 ♀ with label as follows: India: Kerala / Kallar / 8°42’43.0” N, 77°7’47.3” E / 19.ix.2017 / SR Hiremath Coll. / Ex. Zingiber zerumbet. Etymology. The author dedicates this new species to his beloved teacher, Dr. C. A. Viraktamath, for introducing and encouraging him to study Cerambycidae. Distribution. India (Kerala) Host plants. Two beetles were collected on Helicteres isora L. (Sterculiaceae). Although there were adult feeding symptoms on the leaves and stem, the host association could not be confirmed during the field collection. The symptoms of damage involved typical Lamiinae adult feeding patterns: leaves were fed along the veins from underside (Fig. 33) and sometimes vein clearing was also observed, while the outer surface of the petiole and stem were gnawed longitudinally (Fig. 34). Another adult was picked up while it was resting on the leaf blade of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm. (Zingiberaceae). However, no such feeding symptoms were noticed on the plant. Based on the circumstantial evidences, it may be that H. isora is the adult host plant of N. viraktamathi sp. nov. Behaviour. Adults were inactive during day and were found idle in a characteristic resting posture (Figs. 36– 37). Legs were held adducted to the body with tibiae closely appressed to the femora. The front and mid-legs were held close to each other near to the pronotum, substantially apart from the hind legs, thereby creating an illusion of the hind legs as the ‘fore legs.’ The antennae, held closely appressed to the body, emerge from beneath the elytra and extend beyond the elytral apex. Further, the postmedian circular bright eyespots on the elytra look like deflection marks besides creating an illusion of broad ‘false head’. This whole arrangement may give the beetle an illusion of moving in the direction opposite to its actual orientation. Silberglied & Aiello (1976) define this behaviour of reversed orientation as “Tergiversation.” Apart from this, when the adults were hand-picked from the plant surface, they resorted to stridulation by constantly nodding their head to rub the pronotal ridges on the stridulatory plate to produce sound. Natural Enemy. A single instance of organized attack on the beetle by the red ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775) was observed. In their attempt to dislodge the prey, the ants pulled the beetle by holding its antennae and leg joints (Fig. 35).Published as part of Hiremath, S. R., 2018, A new species of Notomulciber (Micromulciber) Aurivillius, 1913, from the southern Western Ghats of India (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Homonoeini), pp. 440-452 in Zootaxa 4524 (4) on pages 442-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/261064
Analysis of cariogenic and erosive potential of pediatric antiepileptic liquid medicaments: An In vitro study
No full textIntroduction: Epilepsy affects seventy million people worldwide. India accounts for 10%–20% (5–10 million) of the global burden of epilepsy. The prevalence of dental caries is significantly higher in epileptic children. Antiepileptic pediatric liquid medicaments (PLMs) are commonly prescribed and are easily accepted by children. However, these drugs can place children at risk for dental caries and dental erosion, when used on a regular basis and over a long period. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the cariogenic and erosive potential of pediatric anti-epileptic LMs. Material and Methods: Ten pediatric antiepileptic LMs which are most commonly used in children for a prolonged period were obtained from local pharmacies after consulting pediatricians of Bengaluru city. Physicochemical analysis for endogenous pH, viscosity, and sugar content of these antiepileptic PLMs was done. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software. One-way ANOVA, post hoc test, and t-test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Most of the antiepileptic PLMs analyzed showed low pH, high viscosity, and higher total sugar content. Statistically significant differences (P = 0.001) were found among the PLMs in terms of pH, viscosity, and sugar content. Conclusions: Most of the antiepileptic PLMs showed cariogenic and erosive potential. Thus, the study highlights the need to reformulate the antiepileptic PLMs with sugar substitutes or making it sugar free
An experimental and theoretical study of molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 2-methylphenyl boronic acid by density functional theory calculations
No full textAgenesis of Bilateral Primary Maxillary Lateral Incisors and Their Successors : A Rare Case report
Get PDFHypodontia is the term used to describe the developmental absence of one or more primary or permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. Hypodontia is relatively uncommon in primary dentition. It has a prevalence of 0.1%-0.9% in the primary dentition. Hypodontia can occur as an isolated or non-syndromic form and it can occur in association with various syndromes/systemic disorders. The exact etiology of hypodontia is not known. The absence of teeth in young patients can cause esthetic, functional and psychological problems particularly if the teeth of the anterior region are involved. The present article reports a rare case of non-syndromic hypodontia in a four year old female patient with agenesis of bilateral primary maxillary lateral incisors and their successors along with agenesis of unilateral permanent mandibular lateral incisor
Dental Management of Prader-Willi Syndrome in a 7-year-old Girl: A Rare Case Report
Get PDFPrader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a lack of expression of paternal genes located on chromosome 15q11-q13. Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by hypothalamic dysfunction. This anomaly causes cognitive, neurological, and endocrine abnormalities, among which hyperphagia is the important feature. Prader-Willi syndrome is of interest to the dentist because PWS is associated with atrophy of salivary glands leading to decreased salivary secretion and increased risk for dental caries and gingivitis. The present case report describes a clinical case of a 7-year-old girl with PWS. The case presented with multiple carious teeth, partial ankyloglossia, and pyogenic granuloma of gingiva. Restorations were done for carious teeth and 64, 83 were extracted under local anesthesia, and an excisional biopsy of the gingival lesion was done. Periodic dental visits and early interventions are needed to improve the oral health of children with PWS
Glenea vestalis , Heller 1934
No full textGlenea vestalis Heller, 1934 stat. reinstated (Figures 19–25) Glenea vestalis Heller, 1934: 284, Figure 2. TL: Philippines. TD: SMTD. Glenea pulchella: Aurivillius 1926: 111 (partim). Glenea (Glenea) pulchella: Breuning 1956a: 195 (partim). Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. postmediopunctata Breuning, 1956a: 196. [Unavailable name, infrasubspecies from Tonkin, Vietnam] Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. preapiceconjuncta Breuning, 1956a: 197. [Unavailable name, infrasubspecies from Ceram, Indonesia] Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. transversevittata Breuning, 1956a: 197. [Unavailable name, infrasubspecies from Fundortangabe] Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. vestalis: Breuning 1956a: 197. Glenea (Glenea) pulchella: Hüdepohl 1996: 18. [Misidentification] Type specimen examined Holotype (Figure 19 (a–c)), ♀, Philippines, Arorey, 1923.VIII (SMTD). Other Specimens examined Philippines: 1 ♂, ‘paratype’ of Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. postmediopunctata Breuning, 1956, Dapitan, Mindanao, Baker (MHNL, ex collection P. Lepesme); 1 ♂, ‘paratype’ of Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. postmediopunctata Breuning, 1956, Zamboanga, Mindanao, Baker (MHNL, ex collection P. Lepesme); 1 ♀, ‘paratype’ of Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. postmediopunctata Breuning, 1956, Surigao, Mindanao, Baker (NHMB (Frey)); 1 ♂, Philippines (BMNH); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Zamboanga Mindanao, Baker (NMNH); 2 ♀♀, Island Samar, Baker (NMNH); 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Kolambugan, Mindanao, Baker (NMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Davao Mindanao, Baker (NMNH); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Mt. Makiling, Luzon, Baker (NMNH); 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Dapitan, Mindanao, Baker (NMNH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Butuan Mindanao, Baker (NMNH); 1 ♀, Surigao, Mindanao (NMNH, Tippmann Coll. ’57, 213112); 2 ♀♀, Philippines, Ch Semper (MNHN); 1 ♂, Mindanao (Figure 20 (a,b), MNHN); 3 ♀♀, Mindanao, 1903–1904, J. Waterstradt (MNHN); 1 ♀, Philippines, N. Luzon, Cagayan, Sta. Ana, June 2014, local coll. (DHCO). Malaysia 1 ♀, Java (Meuwen Bay) (MNHN); 2 ♀♀, ‘paratypes’ of Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. preapiceconjuncta Breuning, 1956, Borneo, Sandakan, Baker (NHMB (Frey)); 1 ♀, Malacca, Perak, W. Doherty (MNHN). Indonesia 1 ♀ (Figure 21 (a,b)), ‘type’ of Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. preapiceconjuncta Breuning, 1956, Moluccas, Ceram (= Moluques, Seram) (BMNH, ex Fry Coll, 1905.100); 1 ♀, Maluku, Seram, 35 km E Pasahari, Unit O, 24–30 October 1998, leg. J. Horák (DHCO). Vietnam 1 ♀ (Figure 22 (a,b)), ‘type’ of Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. postmediopunctata Breuning, 1956, Tonkin, Hoa-Binh, A. de Cooman (MHNL, ex Coll. Lepesme, 2002, ex Coll. J. Clermont). Description complementary to Heller (1934) and Breuning (1956a). Male genitalia (Figures 23–24) Tegmen length about 3.5 mm; lateral lobes extremely long and slender, each about 1.8 mm long and 0.05 mm wide, apex covered with short, reddish brown setae; basal piece bifurcated distally; median lobe plus median struts slightly curved, much shorter than tegmen (22:35); median struts about two-thirds of whole median lobe in length; dorsal plate slightly shorter than ventral plate; ventral edge of median orifice slightly pointed; median foramen elongated; internal sac about 3 times as long as median lobe plus median struts, with four pieces of basal armature and three rods; rods about 1.0 mm, shorter than one-third of tegmen. Tergite VIII elongate, U-shaped with its apical margin weakly notched in middle, integument with short setae. Ventrite IX subequal to ringed part of tegmen in length. Female genitalia (Figure 25): Spermatheca elongate, with its stalk curved at base and capsule oval. Spermathecal gland originating from a distinctly sclerotised ringed plate (Figure 25). Tignum much longer than abdomen. In our observation, tignum 8.5 mm for an adult with a 5.3 mm long abdomen in ventral view. Diagnosis This species is very similar to G. pulchella Pascoe at first glance, with body reddish brown and similar yellow-haired maculae. However, they differ from each other in the absence vs presence of the small spot at the centre of apical half. Male genitalia exhibit distinct differences also: lateral lobes shorter than half of tegmen and apex of tergite VIII truncated in G. pulchella (Figures 15 and 16) vs lateral lobes subequal to half of tegmen and apex of tergite VIII weakly notched at middle in G. vestalis (Figures 23 and 24). Distribution Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam. Remarks Breuning (1956a) treated G. vestalis as a morph of G. pulchella, and subsequent authors considered them synonyms (Hüdepohl 1996; Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2020). However, they are two distinct species, and G. vestalis is herein reinstated from synonymy with G. pulchella. Aurivillius (1926: 111) wrote: ‘Specimens from Mindanao have a small sulphur yellow lateral dot behind the middle of elytra; this dot is wanting in specimens from Borneo and Malacca but still more developed in a specimen from Ceram’. Examination of specimens from these localities by the second author revealed that specimens referred to as having a ‘small sulphur yellow lateral dot’ behind the middle of the elytra, from Philippines and Ceram (now Indonesia, Maluku, Seram), are G. vestalis, while the specimens from Borneo and Malacca, in which ‘this dot is wanting’, are G. pulchella. Breuning (1956a) described three morphs, which are all infrasubspecific. The second author examined the ‘type’ and ‘paratypes’ of these morphs; the ‘type’ of Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. preapiceconjuncta Breuning, 1956 (Figure 21 (a,b)) from ‘ Insel Ceram im Britischen Museum’, and the ‘type’ of Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. postmediopunctata Breuning, 1956 (Figure 22 (a,b)) from ‘ Tonkin: Hoa-Binh in coll. Lepesme’ are both females and are both considered Glenea vestalis Heller, 1934 based on the presence of a postmedial, sulphur yellow lateral dot on the elytra. The ‘type’ of Glenea (Glenea) pulchella m. transversevittata Breuning, 1956, based on ‘ein female ohne Fundortangabe in der Sammlung Itzinger’, could not be examined; however, in all probability it belongs to G. vestalis, since Breuning (1956a: 197) compared it with m. postmediopunctata and arranged it between m. preapiceconjuncta and m. vestalis Hell.Published as part of Hiremath, Sangamesh R. & Lin, Mei-Ying, 2021, Description of two new species of Glenea Newman, 1842 from southern India and reinstatement of Glenea vestalis Heller, 1934 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini), pp. 205-245 in Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4) on pages 221-225, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1900442, http://zenodo.org/record/547373
Glenea pulchella Pascoe 1858
No full textGlenea pulchella Pascoe, 1858 (Figures 13–18) Glenea pulchella Pascoe, 1858: 260. TL: Malacca. TD: BMNH. Glenea vesta Pascoe, 1866: 260, pl. 28, Figure 3. [Unnecessary new name for Glenea pulchella Pascoe, 1858] Glenea pulchella: Aurivillius 1926: 111 (partim). Glenea (Glenea) pulchella: Breuning 1956a: 195 (partim). Type specimen examined Holotype (Figure 13 (a–e)), ♂, Malacca (BMNH, ex Pascoe Coll. 93–60). Other specimens examined Malaysia: 1 ♀, Bornéo Occ., Pontianak, 1899 (MNHN) (Figure 14); 1 ♀, Sarawak (MNHN, Museum Paris Coll. H.W. Bates 1952, ex Musaeo, H.W. Bates 1892); 3 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, Sandakan Borneo, Baker (NMNH); 1 ♀, Sabah, Mt. Trus-Madi, 18 March 2011, local coll. (DHCO); 1 ♀, Sabah Crocker Range, vic. Trus Madi, 13 March 2000, local coll. (DHCO); 1 ♀, Sabah Crocker Range, April 1998, local coll. (DHCO); 1 ♂, Borneo (IRSNB, ex Coll. Nonfried); 1 ♀, Borneo (IRSNB, ex Coll. F. de Moffaris); 1 ♀, Borneo, Pontanak (NHMB, ex FREY); 2 ♀♀, Borneo Occ. Pontianak, 1899 (MNHN); 1 ♂, Borneo, 1891, W. Doherty (MNHN, ex Coll. R. Oberthür, 1952); 1 ♀, Kuching, 1902 (MHNL, ex collection P. Lepesme); 1 ♀, Borneo occ., Pontianak, 1899 (MHNG); 4 ♀♀, Borneo occ., Pontianak, 1899 (MNHN). Singapore 2 ♂♂, Singapore, coll. Wallace (MNHN, ex Musaeo James Thomson); 2 ♂♂, Singapore (MNHN); 1 ♀, Singapore (BMNH); 1 ♀, Singapore (MNHN, ex Musaeo Mniszech). Description complementary to Pascoe (1858) and Breuning (1956a). Male: length: 8.8–10.3 mm, humeral width: 2.6–3.1 mm. Female: length: 11.3–13.4 mm, humeral width: 3.6–4.3 mm. Both male and female with simple claws. Male genitalia (Figures 15–16) Tegmen length about 2.6 mm; lateral lobes long and slender, each about 1.0 mm long and less than 0.1 mm wide, apex covered with short, reddish brown setae; basal piece bifurcated distally; median lobe plus median struts slightly curved, shorter than tegmen (11:13); the median struts about 2/3 of the whole median lobe in length; dorsal plate subequal to ventral plate; ventral edge of median orifice round; median foramen hardly elongated; internal sac 2 times longer than combined length of median lobe and median struts, with 2 pairs of basal armature and 4 rods; each rod about 1.0 mm, shorter than half of tegmen. Tergite VIII trapeziform, apex truncated, with short setae. Length of ventrite IX subequal to ringed part of tegmen. Female genitalia (Figures 17–18) Spermatheca rounded, with a moderately long and curved stem at its base. Spermathecal gland originating from a distinctly sclerotised ringed plate (Figure 17). Tignum much longer than abdomen. Tignum 8.8 mm for an adult with a 5.3 mm long abdomen in ventral view. Diagnosis Glenea pulchella differs from G. vellayaniensis sp. nov. by colour and haired maculae in the following body regions: (1) scape and antennomere II dark brown to black (vs scape and antennomere II reddish brown in G. vellayaniensis sp. nov.); (2) sublateral macula on pronotum made up of yellow hairs with straight inner margin (vs sublateral macula on pronotum made of yellow hairs intermixed with creamy white hairs with proximally concave inner margin in G. vellayaniensis sp. nov.); (3) basal elytral yellow-haired maculae semicircular (vs basal elytral yellow-haired maculae bean-shaped in G. vellayaniensis sp. nov.); (4) middle elytral yellow-haired maculae oval, without small spots posteriorly (vs median maculae on elytra transversely oval with small spots posteriorly in G. vellayaniensis sp. nov.); (5) elytral apex not covered by yellow hairs, but last maculae located before apex (vs elytral apex covered with yellow haired maculae in G. vellayaniensis sp. nov.). Distribution Malaysia, Singapore. Remarks Pascoe (1866: 260) wrote ‘I have altered the specific name pulchella, it having been previously used by Hope’. And Pascoe gave the species the new name ‘ Glenea vesta ’. Pascoe (1867: 370) wrote ‘ Glenea pulchella Hope, sec. J. Thomson, Ess. & c., p. 58’ from Sarawak. We checked page 58 of Thomson (1857) and found nothing related to ‘ Glenea pulchella Hope’; then we checked page 58 of Thomson (1860), and there it was written ‘ Glenea pulchella, Hope Syn.: G. conspuncta, Melly’. However, ‘Hope’s species was not described before 1860’ (Aurivillius 1926: 111). ‘ Glenea pulchella Hope’ described by Pascoe (1867) was renamed Glenea pascoei Aurivillius, 1923, while ‘ Glenea pulchella Hope’ described by Thomson (1860) from Sylhet was renamed Glenea pulchra Aurivillius, 1926. Glenea pulchella Pascoe, 1858 is the earliest name, and therefore the new name ‘ Glenea vesta ’ is not required. Breuning (1956a) treated G. vestalis Heller, 1934 as a morph and described several morphs (infrasubspecific). However, his ‘morphs’ are good species. Mukhopadhyay and Biswas (2000) reported the distribution range of G. pulchella as India: Meghalaya, Bangladesh, Burma; while Mitra et al. (2016) mentioned India: Karnataka, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal. These distribution records are not reliable, based on neither specimens nor trustable identifications. The first author inquired for supportive material from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Kolkata; however, there are no specimens of G . pulchella in the collection. The known localities of this species are, to our knowledge, limited to Malaysia and Singapore.Published as part of Hiremath, Sangamesh R. & Lin, Mei-Ying, 2021, Description of two new species of Glenea Newman, 1842 from southern India and reinstatement of Glenea vestalis Heller, 1934 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini), pp. 205-245 in Journal of Natural History 55 (3 - 4) on pages 217-221, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1900442, http://zenodo.org/record/547373
CuAg and AuAg bimetallic nanoparticles for catalytic and heat transfer applications
No full textBimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) have drawn significant attention due to their numerous applications. They demonstrate enhanced optical, electrical, thermal, and catalytic properties due to the synergistic effects of monometals present in them. In this work, CuAg and AuAg BNPs have been synthesized using a facile and economical chemical reduction method. Optical characterization was carried out using UV–visible spectroscopy, and effect of pH on optical absorbance was studied. For CuAg and AuAg BNPs, optimum pH was observed to be at 9.4 and 6.39, respectively. Morphological investigation confirms the average diameters of CuAg and AuAg BNPs were to be 65 nm and 30 nm, respectively. Photocatalytic property illustrates the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol with a 92% conversion percentage in the presence of CuAg BNPs in 4 min, and rate constant for the reaction was measured to be 8.98 × 10–3 s−1. But for the AuAg BNPs, the conversion percentage was 97% in 8 min and rate constant was found to be 7.95 × 10–3 s−1. Thermal conductivity and viscosity measurements of the nanofluids obtained with CuAg and AuAg BNPs have ascertained them to be efficient candidates for the heat transfer and catalytic applications. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]The authors are grateful to Mangalore University DST-PURSE Laboratory for facilitating the FESEM and for the support provided by the Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MIT-2017, 2020), Karnataka. The authors are grateful to Ms. Indira R Hiremath and Dr. Srivathsava Surabhi for their contribution in the revision process. The author Koduri Ramam is greatly indebted to Universidad de Concepción (UdeC), Chile, for its huge support and facilities. The authors also acknowledge Fondecyt Regular Project No. 1140420, Programa Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) de la Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Chile
