60 research outputs found
Outlook: From Physics of Failure to Physics of Degradation
No full textIn the foregoing chapters, the reliability of organic compounds in microelectronics and optoelectronics was discussed. It provided a state of the art in reliability concepts for materials used in electronic products. It also enlightened the direction in reliability concepts for these products. In this chapter, we discuss the outlook where we envision that physics of failure will be replaced by physics of degradation. New technologies, like health monitoring and digital twins, are needed to make this foreseen shift in reliability concepts.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic Components, Technology and Material
Degradation and Failures of Polymers Used in Light-Emitting Diodes
No full textIn this chapter, degradation mechanisms of optical materials, used in the light-emitting diode (LED)-based products, are explained. This chapter aims at describing the service conditions on the degradation mechanisms of different organic optical materials in LEDs which lead to the color shift of the light output. The contributions of different degradation mechanisms of optical and package materials in LED-based products to color shift are thoroughly explained.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic Components, Technology and Material
EMC oxidation under high temperature aging
No full textEpoxy molding compound (EMC) is widely used for encapsulating automotive electronics. Among all of the components of an electronic package, EMC is most exposed to the atmosphere, and thus undergoes aging. During high-temperature operation, EMC is oxidized, which alters its mechanical properties, and thus can affect the reliability of electronic components. This chapter focuses on four key aspects of EMC oxidation – (1) the growth of EMC oxidation layer, (2) the mechanical properties of oxidized EMC, (3) the effect of oxidized EMC on thermomechanical behavior of a molded package, and (4) the effect of EMC oxidation on solder joint reliability. This study utilizes various experimental characterization techniques as well as finite element simulation-based analysis.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic Components, Technology and Material
Renaissance Epyllions: A Comparative Reading of Christopher Marlowe’s Hero and Leander, Thomas Lodge’s Scylla’s Metamorphosis and Francis Beaumont’s Salmacis and Hermaphroditus
No full textThe present paper is supposed to compare and contrast three of these masterpieces written the Renaissance period. The epyllions under study are Christopher Marlowe’s Hero and Leander, Thomas Lodge’s Scylla’s Metamorphosis and Francis Beaumont’s Salmacis and Hermaphroditus. Bush believes that “the influence of Marlowe is very pronounced in the Salmacis and Hermaphroditus of 1602, which has been associated with Francis Beaumont, but, it is generally agreed, is almost certainly no this. The poem is top heavy with decorative additions, and the myth-making faculty runs wild” (213). The shared characteristic of these works is their indebtedness to Ovid’s Metamorphosis, so it is important to analyze their modifications so as to observe in what way or ways they are different from their original stories. Moreover, the paper will analyze these works based on their treatment of such elements as narration, subversive facets, intertextuality, their relation to their paintings and other important aspects of the works. At the end, the researcher is going to compare and contrast these epyllions and their paintings of the era in order to analyze their mutual influence which may affect the understanding of their readers.Keywords: epyllion, Renaissance, Marlowe, Lodge, Beaumont, intertextualit
Reliability of Organic Compounds in Microelectronics and Optoelectronics: From Physics-of-Failure to Physics-of-Degradation
No full textThis book aims to provide a comprehensive reference into the critical subject of failure and degradation in organic materials, used in optoelectronics and microelectronics systems and devices. Readers in different industrial sectors, including microelectronics, automotive, lighting, oil/gas, and petrochemical will benefit from this book. Several case studies and examples are discussed, which readers will find useful to assess and mitigate similar failure cases. More importantly, this book presents methodologies and useful approaches in analyzing a failure and in relating a failure to the reliability of materials and systems.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic Components, Technology and Material
Opposition in the Language of Representation and Undecidability of Pronouns in William Shakespeare’s Sonnets
No full textThe purpose of this study is to consider the undecidability of pronouns in William Shakespeare’s sonnet sequence. In sonnet 53 of Shakespeare’s sonnet sequence it is not clear that whether the beloved is male or female, because the beloved has affinity to both men and women: “And you, but one, can every shadow lend/Describe Adonis, and the counterfeit/Is poorly imitated after you/On Helen's cheek all art of beauty set” (53. 4-7). In fact, in sonnet 53 the beloved has been likened both to Adonis who is a male character and to Helen that is female. Therefore, the speaker of sonnets uses pronouns in a very confusing manner that causes confusion for the reader in differentiating between male and female pronouns, because in some sonnets a reversal takes place in the reference point of the pronouns. Even in some of these sonnets it is never clear whether the pronoun “he” refers to a male subject or object, or whether the pronoun “she” is referring to male object. Important examples of this claim are sonnets 20 and 127. In sonnet 20, for example, the speaker tells the addressee that “A woman's face with nature's own hand painted/Hast thou, the master mistress of my passion/A woman's gentle heart, but not acquainted/With shifting change, as is false women's fashion” (20.1-4). </jats:p
Reliability and Failures in Solid State Lighting Systems
No full textReliability is an essential scientific and technological domain intrinsically linked with system integration. Nowadays, semiconductor industries are confronted with ever-increasing design complexity, dramatically decreasing design margins, increasing chances for and consequences of failures, shortening of product development and qualification time, and increasing difficulties to meet quality, robustness, and reliability requirements. The scientific successes of many micro/nano-related technology developments cannot lead to business success without innovation and breakthroughs in the way that we address reliability through the whole value chain. The aim of reliability is to predict, optimize, and design upfront the reliability of micro/nanoelectronics and systems, an area denoted as “Design for Reliability (DfR)”. While virtual schemes based on numerical simulation are widely used for functional design, they lack a systematic approach when used for reliability assessments. Besides this, lifetime predictions are still based on old standards assuming a constant failure rate behavior. In this chapter, we will present the reliability and failures found in solid-state lighting systems. It includes both degradation and catastrophic failure modes from observation toward a full description of its mechanism obtained by extensive use of acceleration tests using knowledge-based qualification methods.Electronic Components, Technology and MaterialsMechanical Engineerin
Atmospheric phase screen estimation for land subsidence evaluation by InSAR time series analysis in Kurdistan, Iran
No full textAtmospheric phase screen (APS) is one of the main error sources of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements. In order to accurately retrieve displacement fields, it is necessary to use advanced methods to eliminate the tropospheric effect of interferograms. In this paper, the land subsidence in Kurdistan province of Iran is investigated using Sentinel-1A acquisitions on a single track for the period 2014–2018. The accurate and applicable 3D ray tracing technique is used to accurately estimate the APS. The ERA-I reanalysis data generated by European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are used to implement the 3D ray tracing technique. In order to determine the effect of using the 3D ray tracing technique, the APSs are also determined using a traditional approach called, spatiotemporal filters method. To evaluate the capability of the two methods, the results are compared with the weather research and forecasting model (WRF) model. Finally, the interferograms are corrected using APSs from 3D ray tracing technique and traditional method and the subsidence rate in the study area is computed. Comparing the subsidence rates obtained from two APS estimation methods with piezometric data, GPS and precise levelling observations shows that the 3D ray tracing technique is significantly more accurate than traditional method in computing InSAR displacement fields.Accepted Author ManuscriptMathematical Geodesy and Positionin
B-spline function-based approach for GPS tropospheric tomography
No full textTropospheric tomography is one of the most important techniques to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) images of the tropospheric water vapor fields using a local GNSS network. In the conventional tropospheric tomography method, called voxel-based tropospheric tomography, the 3D space is divided into many voxels and the amount of water vapor is estimated for each voxel. This method suffers from three disadvantages. First, it needs empirical constraints in order to fix the rank deficiency of the coefficient matrix. Second, the amount of water vapor is assumed to be constant in the 3D space of a voxel despite the large spatial variations of this parameter. Third, the number of unknown parameters is high compared to the number of observations. Therefore, an approach based on mathematical functions, called function-based tropospheric tomography, is presented to overcome these problems. The tropospheric tomography using the voxel-based and function-based approaches is performed using 17 GPS stations. Radiosonde observations and precise point positioning results are used to validate the obtained results. A comparison of the results with the radiosonde data indicates that using the function-based method reduces the mean RMSE by about 0.3 gr/m3. Validation using positioning under different wet conditions shows that in wet weather conditions the difference between the RMSE of the two tropospheric tomography approaches is significant. All the validations show the ability and applicability of the function-based tropospheric tomography approach.Accepted Author ManuscriptMathematical Geodesy and Positionin
Spark plasma sintering of Stellite®-6 superalloy
No full textThis paper aims at studying microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered (SPSed) Stellite®-6 cobalt-based superalloy. SPS is a sintering technique, based on a relatively fast resistance heating using a pulsed current. Fast sintering process, associated with minimum grain growth, results in excellent mechanical properties. Samples were sintered at temperatures ranging from 950 to 1100 °C. Microstructure of samples were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and optical microscope. Hardness, impact test, as well as room and high temperature compression tests were used to evaluate the effects of sintering temperature and duration on the mechanical properties of SPSed samples. Results show that optimum mechanical properties can be obtained after sintering at 1050 °C for 10 min. The correlation between sintering parameters, microstructure, and mechanical properties are discussed.Accepted Author ManuscriptElectronic Components, Technology and Material
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