61 research outputs found

    Prevalence and determinants of suicide ideation among Lebanese adolescents: Results of the GSHS Lebanon 2005

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    The current study examined prevalence and risk factors for suicide ideation in 5038 Lebanese adolescents using Global School Health Survey data. Around 16percent of Lebanese adolescents thought of suicide. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that risk factors for suicide ideation included poor mental health (felt lonely, felt worried, felt sad or hopeless), substance use (got drunk, used drugs), victimization (was bullied, was sexually harassed), and lack of parental understanding. Recommendations for future research and interventions are discussed. © 2010 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents.Abu-Saba MB, 1999, J TRAUMA STRESS, V12, P201, DOI 10.1023-A:1024766920789; Afifi Mustafa, 2004, Neurosciences (Riyadh), V9, P207; Baasher T. A., 2001, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, V7, P372; BARAKAT H, 2005, WOMEN ISLAM CRITICAL, P145; Brausch AM, 2007, BODY IMAGE, V4, P207, DOI 10.1016-j.bodyim.2007.02.001; Brown GK, 2000, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V68, P371, DOI 10.1037--0022-006X.68.3.371; *CDCP, 2005, LEB 2005 GLOB SCH BA; *CDCP, GLOB SCH BAS HLTH SU; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 10 LEAD CAUS DEATH A; CHEN P, 2005, J ADOLESCENT HLTH, V37; CRESPI TD, 1990, SCH COUNSELOR, V37, P256; Eaton DK, 2005, ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED, V159, P513, DOI 10.1001-archpedi.159.6.513; FERGUSSON DM, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P612, DOI 10.1097-00004583-199505000-00013; Gex CR, 1998, ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND, V98, P28, DOI 10.1111-j.1600-0447.1998.tb10038.x; KARAM E, 1992, ANN PSYCHOL SCI ED, P99; Karam EG, 2006, LANCET, V367, P1000, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(06)68427-4; Kessler RC, 1999, ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT, V56, P617, DOI 10.1001-archpsyc.56.7.617; Krug E. G., 2002, WORLD REPORT VIOLENC; LEWINSOHN PM, 1994, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V62, P297, DOI 10.1037-0022-006X.62.2.297; Lewinsohn PM, 1996, CLIN PSYCHOL-SCI PR, V3, P25; MICHEL K, 1998, SCHWEIZERISCHE AERZT, V69, P1732; Miotto P, 2003, PSYCHIAT RES, V120, P247, DOI 10.1016-S0165-1781(03)00193-8; REZAEIAN M, 2007, E MEDITERRANEAN HLTH, P953; RIITTAKERTTU K, 1999, BRIT MED J, V319, P348; Rodriguez-Cano T, 2006, J ADOLESCENT HEALTH, V38, P684, DOI 10.1016-j.jadohealth.2005.08.003; RUDATSIKIRA E, 2007, BMC PSYCHIATRY, V3, P13; Rudatsikira E, 2007, BMC PSYCHIATRY, V7, DOI 10.1186-1471-244X-7-67; SHEDIACRIZKALLA.M, 2001, INT Q COMMUNITY HLTH, V20, P115, DOI 10.2190-UM5G-3EJN-NAC1-FG8J; Stack S, 2007, CRISIS, V28, P46, DOI 10.1027-0227-5910.28.1.46; *UN DEV PROGR, UNDP LEB 2008; van der Wal MF, 2003, PEDIATRICS, V111, P1312, DOI 10.1542-peds.111.6.1312; Weissman MM, 1999, PSYCHOL MED, V29, P9, DOI 10.1017-S003329179800786776

    Accelerated delay of random flaps in a rat model

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    Random flaps have been supplanted by more immediate and reliable reconstructive methods because the former require two or more procedures and a period of delay. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a random flap can be elevated, delayed, and safely divided within 4 days. Ninety-two Sprague-Dawley rats were operated by elevating an 8 cm ×4 cm cranially based dorsal flap with its underlying panniculus carnosus muscle. The rats were divided into four groups, one control and three experimental, with 23 rats in each. In the control group, the flap was elevated and its caudal end divided at the same time without delay. In the experimental groups, we tested three delay procedures and all flaps had their caudal end divided 4 days after elevation. The number of flaps showing total viability compared to the flaps showing any amount of necrosis was as follows: control group 1:22, mini delay group 18:5, progressive craniocaudal elevation group 19:4, and the accelerated delay group 22:1. The extent of necrosis, expressed as mean percentage area of necrosis in each group, was as follows: control group 45.9percent, in the mini delay group 2.3percent, progressive craniocaudal elevation group 2.5percent, and the accelerated delay group 0.1percent. Delay of this random flap can be accomplished safely in 4 days. In terms of total flap survival and mean percentage necrosis, all three experimental delay procedures were effective in improving total viability and reducing the extent of necrosis significantly. We believe the observed difference in total viability and mean percentage necrosis in the accelerated delay group to be clinically significant. © Springer-Verlag 2010

    Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and allele frequencies in the lebanese population: Prevalence and review of the literature

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    We studied the distribution of the D-D, I-D, and I-I genotypes of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in a sample of healthy Lebanese individuals to assess their prevalence and compare them with other populations. ACE genotypes were determined using the Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) StripAssay, which is based on a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Reverse hybridization technique. DNA from 133 unrelated healthy donors from our HLA-bank was used. The prevalence of D-D, I-D, and I-I genotypes was found to be 39.1, 45.1, and 15.8percent respectively, with D and I allelic frequency of 61.7 and 38.3percent, respectively. The sampled Lebanese population showed ACE genotypic distributions similar to Caucasians; however, with tendency towards harboring high D allele frequency together with a low I allele frequency just like the Spanish population. This first report from Lebanon will serve as a baseline statistical data for future investigations of the prevalence of ACE genotypes in association with various clinical entities notably cardiovascular diseases. The medical literature was also reviewed in this context. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.Abbud ZA, 1998, AM J CARDIOL, V81, P244, DOI 10.1016-S0002-9149(97)00876-X; AgerholmLarsen B, 1997, CIRCULATION, V95, P2358; Agerholm-Larsen B, 2000, ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS, V20, P484; Al-Eisa A, 2001, SCAND J UROL NEPHROL, V35, P239; Alvarez R, 1998, CARDIOVASC RES, V40, P375, DOI 10.1016-S0008-6363(98)00179-5; Bautista LE, 2004, MED SCI MONITOR, V10, P473; Bouba I, 2003, EUR J OBSTET GYN R B, V110, P8, DOI 10.1016-S0301-2115(03)00046-0; CAMBIEN F, 1988, AM J HUM GENET, V43, P774; Cicoira M, 2001, J AM COLL CARDIOL, V37, P1808, DOI 10.1016-S0735-1097(01)01237-2; Della Valle C J, 2001, BMC Musculoskelet Disord, V2, P1, DOI 10.1186-1471-2474-2-1; Dilley A, 1998, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V147, P30; DURU K, 1994, AM J HYPERTENS, V7, P759; DZAU VJ, 1991, HYPERTENSION, V18, P100; Fatini C, 2003, EUR J CLIN INVEST, V33, P642, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2362.2003.01185.x; Ferrieres J, 1999, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, V142, P211, DOI 10.1016-S0021-9150(98)00204-4; Gonzalez Ordonez A. J., 2000, Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, V11, P485, DOI 10.1097-00001721-200007000-00011; HIGASHIMORI K, 1993, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V191, P399, DOI 10.1006-bbrc.1993.1231; Hooper WC, 2002, AM J HEMATOL, V70, P1, DOI 10.1002-ajh.10078; Jackson A, 2000, BRIT J HAEMATOL, V111, P562, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2141.2000.02408.x; Kim DK, 1997, ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS, V17, P3242; LEATHAM E, 1994, J HUM HYPERTENS, V8, P635; LINDPAINTNER K, 1995, NEW ENGL J MED, V332, P706, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199503163321103; Margaglione M, 1998, ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS, V18, P562; MARIAN AJ, 1993, LANCET, V342, P1085, DOI 10.1016-0140-6736(93)92064-Z; MATTU RK, 1995, CIRCULATION, V91, P270; Murphey LJ, 2000, CIRCULATION, V102, P829; NAKAI K, 1994, CIRCULATION, V90, P2199; O'Donnell CJ, 1998, CIRCULATION, V97, P1766; Philipp CS, 1998, THROMB HAEMOSTASIS, V80, P869; Pinto YM, 1999, CARDIOVASC RES, V43, P23, DOI 10.1016-S0008-6363(99)00090-5; RAKUGI H, 1994, J CLIN INVEST, V93, P339, DOI 10.1172-JCI116965; RAYNOLDS MV, 1993, LANCET, V342, P1073, DOI 10.1016-0140-6736(93)92061-W; Rice GI, 1999, CARDIOVASC RES, V41, P746, DOI 10.1016-S0008-6363(98)00246-6; RIDKER PM, 1993, CIRCULATION, V87, P1969; RIGAT B, 1990, J CLIN INVEST, V86, P1343, DOI 10.1172-JCI114844; Saeed M, 2005, HYPERTENS RES, V28, P345, DOI 10.1291-hypres.28.345; Samani NJ, 1996, CIRCULATION, V94, P708; SCHELLING P, 1991, J HYPERTENS, V9, P3; Schieffer B, 2000, ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS, V20, P281; SCHMIDT S, 1993, J HYPERTENS, V11, P345, DOI 10.1097-00004872-199304000-00003; SCHUNKERT H, 1994, NEW ENGL J MED, V330, P1634, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199406093302302; TIRET L, 1994, LANCET, V344, P910, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(94)92268-3; Uhm WS, 2002, LUPUS, V11, P227, DOI 10.1191-0961203302lu174oa; Vaughan DE, 1998, EUR HEART J, V19, P9; VAUGHAN DE, 1995, J CLIN INVEST, V95, P995, DOI 10.1172-JCI117809; von Depka M, 2003, THROMB HAEMOSTASIS, V89, P847; Wells PS, 2003, THROMB HAEMOSTASIS, V90, P829, DOI 10.1160-TH03-03-0170; Winkelmann BR, 1996, ANN INTERN MED, V125, P1921222

    Macular ultrastructural features in amblyopia using high-definition optical coherence tomography

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    Purpose To study macular morphology in amblyopic eyes using high-definition spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to compare the findings with fellow eyes. Methods This was a prospective institutional study of patients =6 years of age with unilateral amblyopia. Enhanced high-definition single line macular scans of amblyopic eyes were obtained using SD-OCT and compared with fellow eyes. Scans were evaluated qualitatively for structural differences. Central foveal thickness was measured and areas of the different retinal layers were computed within 500 mm from the foveal centre nasally and temporally. Results Forty-five patients with unilateral amblyopia were included: 25 with strabismic and 20 with anisometropic amblyopia with a mean age of 24.8 years. Qualitatively, the bulge in the inner segment-outer segment junction of the central fovea was noted to be attenuated or absent in 60percent of amblyopic eyes compared with 29percent of normal eyes, p=0.02. Also, amblyopic eyes demonstrated a shallow foveal pit compared with normal fellow eyes. Mean foveal thickness was significantly increased in amblyopic (228.56 mm) versus fellow eyes (221.72 mm), p=0.03. Upon exploring different retinal layers, the temporal inner nuclear layer area was increased (p=0.04) while the outer nuclear layer area was decreased ( p=0.04) in amblyopic eyes compared with fellow eyes. Conclusions Using enhanced high-definition SD-OCT, amblyopic eyes demonstrated qualitative and quantitative differences in macular features, possibly representing signs of immaturity compared with normal fellow eyes.Al-Haddad CE, 2011, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V95, P1696, DOI 10.1136-bjo.2010.195081; Altintas O, 2005, J PEDIAT OPHTH STRAB, V42, P216; ARDEN GB, 1985, INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI, V26, P88; Bui QE, 2009, J FRANCAIS OPHTHALMO, V32, P488; Delint PJ, 1998, VISION RES, V38, P613, DOI 10.1016-S0042-6989(97)00191-0; Dickmann A, 2011, J AAPOS, V15, P338, DOI 10.1016-j.jaapos.2011.03.019; Geitzenauer W, 2010, RETINA-J RET VIT DIS, V30, P596, DOI 10.1097-IAE.0b013e3181c10711; Hendrickson A, 2012, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V154, P767, DOI 10.1016-j.ajo.2012.05.007; HUANG D, 1991, SCIENCE, V254, P1178, DOI 10.1126-science.1957169; Huynh SC, 2009, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V116, P1604, DOI 10.1016-j.ophtha.2009.03.013; Kee Se-Young, 2006, Korean J Ophthalmol, V20, P177; Liu H, 2010, J PEDIAT OPHTH STRAB, V47, P17, DOI [10.3928-01913913-20100101-16, 10.3928-01913913-20091019-06]; Maldonado RS, 2011, OPHTHALMOLOGY, V118, P2315, DOI 10.1016-j.ophtha.2011.05.028; Pang Y, 2011, INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI, V52, P2444, DOI 10.1167-iovs.10-5550; Park KA, 2011, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V95, P1700, DOI 10.1136-bjo.2010.192765; Vajzovic L, 2012, AM J OPHTHALMOL, V154, P779, DOI 10.1016-j.ajo.2012.05.004; Walker RA, 2011, CAN J OPHTHALMOL, V46, P425, DOI 10.1016-j.jcjo.2011.07.013; Yoon Sang Won, 2005, Korean J Ophthalmol, V19, P6269

    Assessment of Cavitation Erosion with a Multiphase Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Method

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    Cavitation erosion is one of the remarkable catastrophic consequences of cavitation. Predicting the cavitation aggressiveness quantitatively and predicting the most probable location of cavitation erosion are complex problems that currently still motivate an important amount of basic and applied research in the fields of hydrodynamics, physics and metallurgy. The work addresses two main issues: Numerical simulations of cavitating flows over hydrofoils; and an assessment of the risk of cavitation erosion on the surface of hydrofoils. The capability of the multiphase RANS method to predict the relevant and critical unsteady cavitation dynamics in the flow over hydrofoils has been investigated on two NACA hydrofoils (NACA0015 hydrofoil and NACA0018-45 hydrofoil) in the 2D and 3D domain, respectively. It was found that the large-scale structures and the typical unsteady cavitation dynamics predicted by the RANS method implemented in FLUENT were in fair agreement with the observations from experiments. To find the best criteria for an assessment of the risk of cavitation erosion, current erosion risk assessment models and methodologies that use computational fluid dynamic tools or experimental results as input were reviewed and evaluated. An erosion intensity function was proposed based on the mean value of those values of the time derivative of the local pressure that exceeds a certain threshold, and was evaluated for the NACA0015 hydrofoil and NACA0018-45 hydrofoil. A good correlation was found between the locations with the high erosion risk obtained from the computations and the damage area observed from paint tests.Marine & Transport TechnologyMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin

    Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and allele frequencies in the Lebanese population

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    Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotypes were studied in order to determine the prevalence in the Lebanese population and compare it with other populations. DNA from 160 unrelated healthy donors from our HLA-bank was used. ApoE genotype was determined using the CardioVascular Disease (CVD) StripAssay (this assay is based on a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Reverse Hybridization technique). The prevalence of genotypes E3-3, E3-4, and E2-3 was found to be 69percent, 26percent, and 22percent, respectively, and 0.6percent for each of E2-4 and E4-4 genotypes. The Lebanese population tested showed similarities to earlier reported ApoE genotypic distributions (high E3 allele frequency) but also peculiar differences especially to some Arabic countries (total absence of E2 allele among Saudis) and other populations. This is the first report from Lebanon that will serve as a template for future investigations of the prevalence of ApoE alleles in association with various clinical entities. © Springer 2006.Al-Khedhairy AA, 2004, MOL BIOL REP, V31, P257; Al-Shammari S, 2004, ANN SAUDI MED, V24, P361; Al-Shammri S, 2005, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V351, P203, DOI 10.1016-j.cccn.2004.09.015; Bednarska-Makaruk M, 2005, ALCOHOL ALCOHOLISM, V40, P274, DOI 10.1093-alcalc-agh157; Benjamin R, 1996, NEURODEGENERATION, V5, P43; Bosco P, 2005, NEUROSCI LETT, V388, P168, DOI 10.1016-j.neulet.2005.06.056; Chang NW, 2005, BREAST CANCER RES TR, V90, P257, DOI 10.1007-s10549-004-4656-7; CHARTIERHARLIN MC, 1994, HUM MOL GENET, V3, P569, DOI 10.1093-hmg-3.4.569; Cocco E, 2005, NEUROLOGY, V64, P564; CORDER EH, 1993, SCIENCE, V261, P921, DOI 10.1126-science.8346443; Corder EH, 2005, J BIOMED BIOTECHNOL, P189, DOI 10.1155-JBB.2005.189; Corella D, 2001, AM J CLIN NUTR, V73, P736; Devanand DP, 2005, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V62, P975, DOI 10.1001-archneur.62.6.975; Dixit Manjusha, 2005, BMC Endocr Disord, V5, P7, DOI 10.1186-1472-6823-5-7; Fernandez-Mestre MT, 2005, DIS MARKERS, V21, P15; Gamboa R, 2000, HUM BIOL, V72, P975; Gerard HC, 2005, MICROB PATHOGENESIS, V39, P19, DOI 10.1016-j.micpath.2005.05.002; HARDY J, 1995, AM J MED GENET, V60, P456, DOI 10.1002-ajmg.1320600519; HOULDEN H, 1995, NEUROSCI LETT, V188, P202, DOI 10.1016-0304-3940(95)11422-S; Hsu CC, 2005, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V293, P2892, DOI 10.1001-jama.293.23.2892; Janssen JC, 2003, NEUROLOGY, V60, P235; Johannsen P, 1997, Ugeskr Laeger, V159, P5658; Kohnke H, 2005, EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL, V61, P381, DOI 10.1007-s00228-005-0936-3; Kumar T, 2002, HUM BIOL, V74, P137, DOI 10.1353-hub.2002.0006; Lahoz C, 2001, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, V154, P529, DOI 10.1016-S0021-9150(00)00570-0; Lambert JC, 1997, HUM MOL GENET, V6, P2151, DOI 10.1093-hmg-6.12.2151; Lee Y, 2004, NEUROCHEM INT, V44, P107, DOI 10.1016-S0197-0186(03)00112-8; Malek G, 2005, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V102, P11900, DOI 10.1073-pnas.0503015102; Margaglione M, 1998, STROKE, V29, P399; Muros M, 1996, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, V121, P13, DOI 10.1016-0021-9150(95)06643-8; Pertovaara M, 2004, RHEUMATOLOGY, V43, P1484, DOI 10.1093-rheumatology-keh383; Ramsaransing GSM, 2005, EUR J NEUROL, V12, P514, DOI 10.1111-j.1468-1331.2005.01009.x; ROSES AD, 1995, ARZNEIMITTEL-FORSCH, V45-1, P413; Senanarong Vorapun, 2001, Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, V84, P182; Slattery ML, 2005, CARCINOGENESIS, V26, P1422, DOI 10.1093-carcin-bgi088; [唐慧 Tang Hui], 2005, [中华医学遗传学杂志, Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics], V22, P224; Teasdale GM, 2005, BRAIN, V128, P2556, DOI 10.1093-brain-awh595; Um JY, 2005, INT J NEUROSCI, V115, P743, DOI 10.1080-00207450590524421; Visser LE, 2005, PHARMACOGENET GENOM, V15, P69, DOI 10.1097-01213011-200502000-00002; Wozniak MA, 2002, HEPATOLOGY, V36, P456, DOI 10.1053-jhep.2002.34745; Yang Sheng-li, 2004, Chinese Medical Sciences Journal, V19, P150; Yip AG, 2005, NEUROLOGY, V65, P259, DOI 10.1212-01.wnl.0000168863.49053.4d; Zhao JH, 2005, SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID, V40, P557, DOI 10.1007-s00127-005-0925-y; Zhu Wenli, 2001, Zhonghua Yufang Yixue Zazhi, V35, P297; Zofkova I, 2002, EUR J ENDOCRINOL, V147, P503, DOI 10.1530-eje.0.147050326242

    Processing real time road traffic data from probe vehicles using a hybrid micro-macro road traffic model

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    The utilisation of probe vehicles is an advancing technique for real time road traffic monitoring. A hybrid stochastic road traffic model has been developed based on micro and macro traffic theories to process received probe vehicle data and extract relevant information for DTM purposes. With Bayes' rule for conditional probabilities, the hybrid micro-macro model is analysed. The pdfs for individual as well as the mean speed is used, together with the qv­diagram. With different estimators the actual road link speed is estimated, based on N probe messages for the distinct applications of ATIS and ATMS.Applied SciencesElectrical EngineeringTelecommunications and Traffic Control Systems Grou

    Numerical methods for the implementation of the Cahn-Hilliard equation in one dimension and dynamic boundary condition in two dimensions

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    This project can be divided into two parts. The goal of the first part is to numerically implement the Cahn-Hilliard equation in one dimension both explicitly and implicitly. This will be done using Matlab. The goal of the second part is to validate the coupled Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes equation and the dynamic boundary condition for moving contact lines of (Carlson et al, 2011, p.9) by considering a two-dimensional spreading droplet case. This will be done using the CFD software OpenFOAM. In Chapter 1, the theory of positive and negative diffusion, including the normal diffusion equation and the Cahn-Hilliard equation, are discussed. Some background is given regarding the thermodynamics of the Cahn-Hilliard equation and its steady-state solution. After that, the theory of the coupled Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes equation, the dynamic boundary condition for moving contact lines and the case which is implemented in OpenFOAM, are discussed. In Chapters 2 and 3, the diffusion equation and the Cahn-Hilliard equation are implemented in one dimension, using the Euler Forward scheme. In implementing the Cahn-Hilliard equation, two different discretizations are used, of which only one gives the desired results. Next, an extensive stability analysis is done, using a linearization of the Cahn-Hilliard equation as well as numerical experiments. The stability condition is increasingly severe with increasing interface width. Regarding the results of the evolving interface, a qualitative analysis is done which discusses three subjects: the deviation of the solutions with the steady-state solution, the interface width for different parameters and grid sizes and the interface overshoot, which is an unphysical appearence. In Chapter 4, two semi-implicit methods and one implicit iterative method, are discussed. The implementations of the two semi-implicit methods, Implicit-Explicit (ImEx) and Modified Furihata, are succesful and their stability conditions are better than the stability condition of the Euler Forward scheme, for most interface widths. The results regarding the evolving interface are nearly identical to the results of the Euler Forward scheme, therefore the qualitative analysis is also similar. The implicit iterative method, which involves the use of the G\^ateaux derivative, has not been succesfully implemented, eventhough two different discretizations are used. The results regarding the evolving interface are behaving in a positive diffusive way, which results in a flattening interface with time. In Chapter 5, the coupled Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes equation and a dynamic boundary condition for moving contact lines are used to model a spreading droplet on a flat surface. The implemented model is validated using different cases in which the steady-state contact angle and the friction factor of the surface varies. Next, parametric studies are done regarding the interface width, the surface tension and the ratio of the surface tension and the friction factor. The conclusions are that the modeled system differs too much from the system in literature to make an absolute comparison but, qualitatively, the model behaves as expected.Transport PhenomenaChemical EngineeringApplied Science

    Согласование интересов страны-реципиента и трудящихся-мигрантов

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    The contribution is devoted actual problems of external labour migration in the Russian Federation. The author construction of system of necessary conditions for the optimum coordination of interests of the country-recipient and workers-migrants is offered. Also actual problems of a migratory policy are considered, blanks in the legislation of two countries concerning labour migration are opened.Статья посвящена актуальным проблемам внешней трудовой миграции на примере Российской Федерации и Республики Таджикистан. Автором предложено построение системы необходимых условий для оптимального согласования интересов страны-реципиента и трудящихся-мигрантов. Также рассмотрены актуальные проблемы миграционной политики, раскрыты пробелы в законодательстве двух стран относительно трудовой миграции

    Students' perceptions of the nature of evolutionary theory

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    This study explored how some college students understand the nature of the theory of evolution and how they evaluate its scientific status. We conducted semistructured interviews with 15 college biology seniors in which we asked them to explain why they think evolution assumes the status of a scientific theory, how it compares to other scientific theories, and what criteria do they use to determine if an explanation is scientific or not. Students' responses encompassed five themes that include evidence, certainty, experimentation, method of theory generation, and prediction. Those themes focused on the theory's empirical dimension which seemed to be derived from a generic and simplistic model of physical science theories that valued direct evidence. Demanding that evolutionary theory conform to this model reveals a misunderstanding of its nature. This misunderstanding was expressed in relation to aspects of methodology, explanation, and prediction. The findings underscore the need for using explicit discipline- and context-specific approaches to teaching and learning about scientific theories. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Abd-El-Khalick F., 2001, J SCI TEACHER ED, V12, P215, DOI DOI 10.1023-A:1016720417219; Abd-El-Khalick F, 2000, INT J SCI EDUC, V22, P665, DOI 10.1080-09500690050044044; Abd-El-Khalick F, 2000, J RES SCI TEACH, V37, P1057, DOI 10.1002-1098-2736(200012)37:101057::AID-TEA33.0.CO;2-C; ALEIXANDRE MJ, 1992, INT J SCI ED, V14, P51; American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990, SCI ALL AM; Anderson DL, 2002, J RES SCI TEACH, V39, P952, DOI 10.1002-tea.10053; Bartholomew H, 2004, SCI EDUC, V88, P655, DOI 10.1002-sce.10136; BISHOP BA, 1990, J RES SCI TEACH, V27, P415, DOI 10.1002-tea.3660270503; Brem SK, 2003, SCI EDUC, V87, P181, DOI 10.1002-sce.10105; Brickhouse N. W., 2002, SCI ED, V11, P573, DOI 10.1023-A:1019693819079; Cartwright N., 1983, HOW LAWS PHYS LIE; CLOUGH M, 1995, AM BIOL TEACH, V5, P401; Dagher ZR, 2004, INT J SCI EDUC, V26, P735, DOI 10.1080-0950069032000138806; Dagher ZR, 1997, J RES SCI TEACH, V34, P429, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1098-2736(199705)34:5429::AID-TEA23.0.CO;2-S; Driver R., 1996, YOUNG PEOPLES IMAGES; Duschl R. A., 1990, RESTRUCTURING SCI ED; Elgin M, 2003, PHILOS SCI, V70, P1380, DOI 10.1086-377415; Ferrari M, 1998, INT J SCI EDUC, V20, P1231, DOI 10.1080-0950069980201005; Fysh R., 1998, RES SCI EDUC, V28, P399, DOI 10.1007-BF02461507; Ghiselin Michael T., 1997, METAPHYSICS ORIGIN S; GIBBS A, 1992, AM BIOL TEACH, V54, P137; DEMASTES SS, 1995, SCI EDUC, V79, P637, DOI 10.1002-sce.3730790605; Griffiths A. K., 1995, SCH SCI MATH, V95, P248, DOI DOI 10.1111-J.1949-8594.1995.TB15775.X; JACKSON D, 1995, J RES SCI TEACH, V34, P93; Khishfe R, 2002, J RES SCI TEACH, V39, P551, DOI 10.1002-tea.10036; Leach J, 2003, SCI EDUC, V87, P831, DOI 10.1002-sce.10072; Lemke J. L, 1990, TALKING SCI; Mahner M., 1997, FDN BIOPHILOSOPHY; Matthews M., 2000, TIME SCI ED TEACHING; Mayr E., 1982, GROWTH BIOL THOUGHT; Mayr E., 2001, WHAT EVOLUTION IS; MCCOMAS W, 1909, NATURE SCI SCI ED RA, P3; McComas W. F., 1998, NATURE SCI SCI ED RA, P41; Meyling H., 1997, SCI EDUC, V6, P397, DOI 10.1023-A:1017908916810; National Academy of Sciences, 1998, TEACH EV NAT SCI; National Research Council, 1996, NAT SCI ED STAND; NORRIS S, 1995, J RES SCI TEACH, V22, P817; Osborne J, 2003, J RES SCI TEACH, V40, P692, DOI 10.1002-tea.10105; Passmore C, 2002, J RES SCI TEACH, V39, P185, DOI 10.1002-tea.10020; Root-Bernstein R., 1984, P64; Rose Steven, 1998, LIFELINES BIOL DETER; Roth WM, 1997, J RES SCI TEACH, V34, P145, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1098-2736(199702)34:2145::AID-TEA43.0.CO;2-T; Rudolph JL, 2000, J CURRICULUM STUD, V32, P403, DOI 10.1080-002202700182628; Ruse M., 1988, PHILOS BIOL TODAY; RYAN AG, 1992, SCI EDUC, V76, P559, DOI 10.1002-sce.3730760602; Sandoval WA, 2003, J RES SCI TEACH, V40, P369, DOI 10.1002-tea.10081; Schwab J. J., 1962, TEACHING SCI, P1; Shipman HL, 2002, SCI EDUC, V86, P526, DOI 10.1002-sce.10029; Sinatra GM, 2003, J RES SCI TEACH, V40, P510, DOI 10.1002-tea.10087; Sober E., 1993, PHILOS BIOL; SOLOMON J, 1992, J RES SCI TEACH, V29, P409, DOI 10.1002-tea.3660290408; Stewart J, 2001, SCI EDUC, V85, P207, DOI 10.1002-sce.1006; Strauss A. L., 1987, QUALITATIVE ANAL SOC34323
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