27 research outputs found
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAbstract Background The purpose of this systematic review study was to determine the national, regional, and global prevalence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) vaping. Method The articles were searched in July 2020 without a time limit in Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, PubMed, and Ovid-MEDLINE. At first, the titles and abstracts of the articles were reviewed, and if they were appropriate, they entered the second stage of screening. In the second stage, the whole articles were reviewed and articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. In this study, search, selection of studies, qualitative evaluation, and data extraction were performed by two authors independently, and any disagreement between the two authors was reviewed and corrected by a third author. Results In this study, the lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping globally were 23% and 11%, respectively. Lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in women were 16% and 8%, respectively. Also, lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in men were 22% and 12%, respectively. In this study, the current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in who had lifetime smoked conventional cigarette was 39%, and in current smokers was 43%. The lifetime prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in the Continents of America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania were 24%, 26%, 16%, and 25%, respectively. The current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in the Continents of America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania were 10%, 14%, 11%, and 6%, respectively. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the popularity of e-cigarettes is increasing globally. Therefore, it is necessary for countries to have more control over the consumption and distribution of e-cigarettes, as well as to formulate the laws prohibiting about the e-cigarettes vaping in public places. There is also a need to design and conduct information campaigns to increase community awareness about e-cigarettes vaping
The survey of the status of self-stigma of depression and its relationship with demographic factors in Gonabad, Iran
Get PDFIntroductionDepression is a common mental illness. Depression stigma can reduce individuals’ desire to seek mental health services. No study has investigated depression self-stigma and its relationship with demographic factors in the general population of Gonabad city in Iran. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the relationship between depression self-stigma and demographic factors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,075 Iranians living in Gonabad city in 2024. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select participants. Data collection tools included demographic data and the self-stigma of depression scale (SSDS). Higher SSDS scores indicate greater depression self-stigma. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 with the independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation.ResultsThe mean (± SD) of self-stigma of depression (SSD) was 42.51 (9.31). Only 16.1% of the participants mentioned that they had a mental disorder, and 17.2% reported that they had been referred to a psychologist. Based on the results, males had more SSD (p = 0.028), help-seeking inhibition (p < 0.001), and shame (p = 0.002) than females. There were no significant relationships between education level, economic status, age group, occupation, and marital status with SSD (p > 0.05). Individuals with a history of mental disorder had higher SSD (p = 0.011) and help-seeking inhibition (p = 0.004). People who did not obtain information related to mental illness had more help-seeking inhibition (p = 0.001). Based on the Pearson correlation results, a positive and significant correlation coefficient was observed between the subscales of SSDS (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of the study showed that SSD level was 42.51 ± 9.31 from 70. SSD is one of the main obstacles to help-seeking and treatment, so providing knowledge and awareness in this area is essential to the community
Additional file 5 of The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAdditional file 5: Fig S2. Pooled lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping by subgroups in men
Table_1_Validity and reliability of anxiety literacy (A-Lit) and its relationship with demographic variables in the Iranian general population.DOCX
No full textIntroductionAnxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders. This cross-sectional research aimed to determine anxiety literacy (A-Lit) psychometric properties among the Iranian population in 2022.MethodsThis research was conducted on 690 people in Iran in 2022. In this study, people were selected by proportional stratified sampling, and the validity and reliability of the A-Lit designed by Griffiths were assessed. Validity of A-Lit was assessed by face validity, content validity, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability of A-Lit was evaluated by the McDonald’s omega coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and test– retest. In analytical sections, the tests of One-way ANOVA, Chi-squared test, and independent samples t-test were used.ResultsThe rates of S-CVI/Ave and CVR for A-Lit were 0.922 and 0.774, respectively. In confirmatory factor analysis, three items were deleted because the factor loading was less than 0.4, and goodness-of-fit indexes (Some of goodness-of-fit indexes: χ2/df = 4.175, GFI: 0.909, RMSEA = 0.068, PCFI = 0.745, AGFI = 0.883) were confirmed as the final model with 19 items. For all items, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.832, the McDonald’s omega coefficient was 0.835, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.874. According to the results of this study, 1.3% (n = 9) did not answer any questions correctly and 8.4% (n = 58) were able to answer 1–6 questions correctly. Approximately 72% (n = 495) were able to answer 7–12 questions, and eventually only 18.6% (n = 128) were able to answer 13 questions and more. There was a significant relationship between sex, age group, occupation status, marital status, and get information related to mental illness with A-Lit level (p ConclusionThe Persian version of A-Lit was confirmed with 19 items, and this scale is a reliable tool for measuring A-Lit in the general population. The results also showed that a few people have a higher level of anxiety literacy and that educational and intervention programs need to be designed and implemented for the public population.</p
Additional file 11 of The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAdditional file 11: Fig S8. Cumulative meta-analysis of current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping in ex-smokers and current smokers. Pooled lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping by subgroups in women
Additional file 13 of The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAdditional file 13: Fig S10. Cumulative meta-analysis of lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping by subgroups in men
Depression literacy, mental health literacy, and their relationship with psychological status and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Get PDFBackgroundThis study was conducted to measure depression literacy (D-Lit) and mental health literacy (MHL) and to investigate their relationship with psychological status and quality of life among Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among 400 patients with T2DM in Iran. Samples were selected using proportional stratified sampling. Data collection tools comprised a demographic questionnaire, measures of MHL and D-Lit, the diabetes quality of life (DQOL) scale, and the DASS-21. After confirming the normality of the data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, parametric statistical tests (such as one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test, and Chi-Square) were used to investigate the relationship between the variables using SPSS v22 software. The results of continuous quantitative data are reported in the form of means and standard deviations, and qualitative data are reported in the form of absolute and relative frequencies.ResultsIn this study, 10.25% of the participants (n = 41) had severe depression, while 36.75% (n = 147) experienced severe anxiety. The mean (standard deviation) of MHL was 80.92 (9.16) from 130 points. Of the participants, only 1.7% (n = 7) did not answer any questions correctly on the D-lit scale, and only 5.8% (n = 23) were able to answer 15 questions or more correctly on the D-lit. MHL had a significant negative correlation with depression (r = −0.236), anxiety (r = −0.243), and stress (r = −0.155) (P < 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between MHL and D-Lit (r = 0.186) (P < 0.001). D-Lit had a significant negative correlation with depression (r = −0.192), anxiety (r = −0.238), and stress (r = −0.156) (P < 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between the ability to recognize disorders (r = 0.163), knowledge of self-treatment (r = 0.154), and DQOL (P < 0.001). Depression (r = −0.251), anxiety (r = −0.257), and stress (r = −0.203) had a significant negative correlation with DQOL (P < 0.001).ConclusionMHL and D-Lit levels were found to be inadequate in patients with T2DM. These low levels of MHL and D-Lit among patients with T2DM were associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as a lower quality of life. Therefore, designing and implementing preventive programs to improve the mental health of patients with T2DM can help prevent mental disorders and ultimately improve their quality of life
Additional file 15 of The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAdditional file 15: Fig S12. Cumulative meta-analysis of lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping by subgroups in men in every continent
Additional file 12 of The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAdditional file 12: Fig S9. Cumulative meta-analysis of lifetime and current prevalence of e-cigarettes vaping by subgroups in women
Retraction Note: The prevalence of electronic cigarettes vaping globally: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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