15 research outputs found
Leukocytosis in Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Whether the Time Has Come to Start Antibiotics? A Short Literature Review
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Valsalva maneuver: An effective non-pharmacological technique for pain management in nursing procedures
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The Effect of Group Counseling on Physiological Aspect of Self-care and HbA1C Level of Patients with Diabetes Type II
No full textBackground: The most important underlying cause of death in diabetic patients is poor self-care. The effect of education on self-care promotion has been widely investigated; however, the advisory role and impact of the treatment team have been scarcely investigated. Aim: Determining the effect of group counseling on the psychological aspect of self-care and level of glycosylated hemoglobin in the patients with diabetes type II. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 73 patients with type II diabetes mellitus, who had been referred to Parsian Diabetes clinic of Mashhad in 2014, were divided into two groups of intervention and control. The group counseling program was performed in five 1.5-hour sessions with 3-day intervals, and each groups consisted of 8 to 10 people. The content of the meetings was problems in nutrition, exercise, diabetes mellitus disease, diabetes-related mental health problems, diabetes medications, and self-control of blood glucose. Researcher-made diabetes care questionnaire was filled and HbA1c test was measured before and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 11.5 using paired sample and independent t-tests. Results: In this study,27.3 percent of the subjects were male and 72.7 were female with the mean age of 49.1 ± 8.3. The scores of physiological aspect of self-care and HbA1C of the diabetic patients before the intervention was not significantly different between the groups; but in the post-intervention phase, the self-care in intervention group (49.1±5.8) significantly increased compared to the control group (31.8±12.2) (
Simile with an Emphasis on the Link between Poetry and Form in Nafthatolmasdoor
No full textShahabuddin Mohammad Khrndzy Zydary's Nafthatolmasdoor is considered to be beyond the enduring masterpieces of prose and Metcalf in the seventh century AD. This book ismore a historical-literal one than a literal-historical one. In this book, emotional aspects are represented more than the historical ones. The point of view in this book is first person and is used to express excitement, emotions, and feelings. The link between poetic and form is one of the features that is highlighted in the book. Illusion, as an element of creating form, and simile are delicately used. In total, the use of the element of simile is high and mainly for the purpose of creating emotions. Metaphors are often perceived to be reasonable. The society inside and outside of the author is like an indirect analogy.
This article investigates secondary purposes of simile along with three categories of: stylistic look for the artist, the choice of words, and deviating from the norm, according to the analysis of imagery in the text
Effect of acupressure on venous access procedural pain in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Effective pain management during venous access in children is a clinical priority, but evidence on acupressure remains inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acupressure on venous access pain in children. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar. Relevant studies were identified using a combination of keywords related to the research objective, covering all available records up to January 15, 2025. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of acupressure on pain intensity during catheter insertion and venipuncture in children versus a control group were included in the review. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis included eight studies with a total of 537 pediatric participants. The pooled analysis demonstrated that acupressure significantly reduced pain intensity during peripheral catheter insertion and venipuncture compared to the control group (SMD: −2.30; 95 % CI: −3.20 to −1.40; Z = 5.01, P < 0.001, I² = 93.6 %). Subgroup analysis further indicated that acupressure effectively decreased pain severity for both peripheral catheter insertion (SMD: −1.99; 95 % CI: −3.45 to −0.54) and venipuncture (SMD: −2.61; 95 % CI: −3.62 to −1.61), with statistically significant results. Conclusions: Given that only two studies met high-quality criteria and the certainty of the overall evidence remains very low, the interpretation of findings should be approached with caution. To enhance the robustness of future evidence, there is a pressing need for rigorously designed randomized trials incorporating placebo control groups and proper allocation concealment
A systematic review of nursing students' knowledge and related factors towards pressure ulcer prevention
No full textThe present systematic review was conducted to investigate the nursing students' knowledge and related factors towards pressure ulcer (PU) prevention. A comprehensive, systematic search was performed in different international electronic databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as "Knowledge", "Pressure ulcer", and "Nursing student" from the earliest to the February 1, 2023. The quality assessment of the present studies in this systematic review was based on the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool). In general, a total of 7,375 nursing students participated in 14 studies. The average knowledge score of nursing students about the prevention of PUs was 47.60 out of 100. There was a significant positive relationship between knowledge and the factors such as attitude, age, the number of clinical units, and self-assessment of knowledge. There was also a significant relationship between the knowledge of nursing students and factors such as years of education, the number of clinical units, clinical experience, age, experience in caring for PUs, sex, specialization, level of education, attitude. Overall, the level of knowledge of nursing students about the prevention of PUs was at a moderate level. Therefore, healthcare managers and policymakers might improve nursing students' knowledge by introducing training programs on the prevention of PUs into nursing students' curricula
Little Black Fish and Readers: From Passive Reading to Active Dialogue
No full textIn the middle of the twentieth century, the discourse of literary criticism was considered. The story of "Little Black Fish" (1347), for some reasons, including the type of text, its special structure, and the range of audiences, has been faced with different interpretations. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on the approach of reader-oriented theories, the way of interaction between the reader and the text has been studied in a diachronically and synchronically manner. The results show that the readers' reaction before 1957, according to the dominant paradigm, was a critique of taste, based on ideology, and had a social approach in which the hero's action was highlighted and the readings were informative. There was no dialogue between the text and the reader, and the meaning was imposed on the text. From 1957 to the end of the 1980s, the receptions were combined criticism, and based on the literary expectation horizon, they had a frequency in the field of narratology. These readings created uncertainty, and the reader constructed a new form of textual object in a semi-active dialogue with the text. From the late 1980s to the late 1990s, readings were theory-based, and the semiotic approach had the highest frequency among other approaches. The readings were often dialectical with the readings of the previous period, and from the uncertainty until the receipt of correction was figured in the previous readings, and as a result of the integration of social and literary expectation horizons, they offered a wider semantic horizon.Keywords: Reader Response Criticism, Reception Theory, Samad Behrangi, Little Black Fish. IntroductionTraditional criticism based on the intention of the author prevailed over other methods of literary criticism until the end of the 19th century and did not pay attention to the element of the reader, who was one of the main factors in narrative communication. One of the most important reasons for the transformation of the criticism cycle towards the reader is "reader-centered debates among literary criticism theorists" (Benton, 2009: 22). In the middle of the 20th century, I. E. Richards emphasized changing the self-based approach to criticism and the importance of the act of reading and the reaction of the reader. The collection of reader-centered criticism approaches continued to grow in two origins after World War II, influenced by the philosophy of phenomenology and the science of interpretation. First, the approach of "reader reaction" in America and the other, the approach of "reception or the Constance school" in Germany (Taslimi, 1388: 108). The common feature of the two listed approaches was the phenomenological encounter with subject/object duality.Research Question(s)Due to the success of critics and readers, the story of the little black fish has been read many times after its publication. According to the different readings of this story in six decades (1340 to the end of 1390), in the present research we aim to specify: 1- The interaction between the reader and the text in the story "Little Black Fish" in the creation of meaning - as how was the simultaneity and in time? -2- To what extent do the readers read the work under the influence of their minds - consciously and unconsciously - 3- How did the existing discourses in each era influence these readings? Literature ReviewRegarding reader-oriented theories, including the theory of reader reaction and the theory of reception, there are many materials in articles and books of criticism, literary theory, and encyclopedias, but the application of this theory has been done in different ways in the articles. For example, some have examined the work according to the reader in the text. Some researchers have also examined the work or text from the point of view of the reader's reception and reaction; or, in one case, the scene of the play is considered a text, and the process of receiving the audience has been investigated in it. By researching the indexing databases of articles, it was found that the number of articles that examined the existing readings of a work during one or more periods and presented the history of aesthetics from the reception of readers is small. This article examines and analyzes this aspect of the readings and the aesthetic history of the reception of the readers of this work. MethodologyBy researching the indexing databases of the articles, it was found that the number of articles that examined the existing readings of a work during one or more periods and presented the history of aesthetics from the reception of the readers is small. A total of 33 articles and one book about "Little Black Fish" were collected in the books, which included a collection of reviews written about Samad Behrangi's works. Then, the reviews were placed in three time frames based on the dominant aspects of reading, including reading for taste, synthesis, and based on theory, and were examined and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method based on the approach of theories aimed at the reader. The time format of the courses is based on the dominant aspect of the critic's encounter with the work in the period from 1340 to the end of 1390, and at the same time, it also pays attention to ideological discourses. ConclusionIn the readings before 1957, the dominant aspect of the approaches wasthe reading of taste based on ideology. In this approach, the reader encounters the text based on presuppositions and extratextual positions and deals with it as a passive object. In the readings from 1957 to the end of the 80s, due to the predominance of the discourse of reforms and distancing from the ideological discourse, the readers revised and reconsidered the previous readings in experiencing the effect of reading; the readings from the late 80s to the end of the 90s suggest a wide semantic horizon for this work, which is a result of the special narrative structure and textual signs specific to this work
The effect of green chemistry education based on practical activity on learning and attitude of pre-service chemistry teachers
Get PDFBackground and Objective:Chemistry plays a fundamental role in human civilization and its place in economics, politics and life is becoming more and more prominent and covers a wide range of chemical products such as drugs, dyes, fertilizers, etc. However, the environmental damage caused by it is a major human concern. Many of us today take steps to reduce environmental impact, for example by participating in chemical recycling programs and using energy-saving light bulbs; we buy local products and maybe drive hybrid cars. But what if "we could somehow prevent pollution from the start?" Thus, with a new approach called green chemistry, chemists are being led to a new phase of research activities to develop green reactions and use them instead of the old methods, to help human health and society by eliminating toxins from chemical processes. The purpose of this research is education of green chemistry through the curriculum related to the principles of green chemistry in General Chemistry Lab 1and the effect of this educational course on learning and attitude of the pre-service chemistry teachers toward green chemistry principles. Methods: This educational course involves two green experiments implemented according to green chemistry principles. The experiments include determination of molar mass relation in a chemical reaction and determination of the amount of ascorbic acid in a tablet of vitamin C. The research methods are practical, experimental and quasi-experimental and the used instruments were the researcher-constructed tests in the field of learning and attitude domain. Statistic population of this study consists of experimental group (N=30) and control group (N=30) of the student teachers at Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University in the academic year 2017-2018. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software. Findings: The obtained results show that among12 principles of Green Chemistry, students have learned the principles of 1 to 4 and 7 to 12 of these 12 principles and they have been attracted to them. In addition, the implementation of a curriculum related to the principles of green chemistry has had a positive impact on the attitude of the pre-service chemistry teachers. Conclusion: Findings from the research show that teaching the principles of green chemistry can be done based on the activity-oriented approach in the chemistry curriculum as in most developed countries. Student-teacher education can lead them to develop a positive attitude towards green chemistry and to have more motivation and desire to study chemistry based on the principles of green chemistry and to pass this attitude on to their students in the teaching process. Also, in designing the curriculum, it should be noted that in the sequence of practical activities, it should be done in such a way that it includes all the principles of green chemistry so that education based on it can give all the principles of green chemistry to learners or give them a positive attitude. ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS ©2019 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. ====================================================================================
The Effect of Aromatherapy with Lavender on Pain of Needle Insertion and Severity of Restless Legs Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients; a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: Pain experienced during the insertion of a catheter into the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are prevalent issues among Hemodialysis (HD) patients. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to consolidate the findings from randomized clinical trial (RCT) studies examining the impact of aromatherapy with lavender on the pain associated with AVF catheter insertion and RLS in HD patients.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar search engine from inception to August 1, 2022, using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings, such as “Aromatherapy”, “Lavender”, “Arteriovenous fistula”, “Pain”, “Restless legs syndrome”, and “Hemodialysis”.
Results: Finally, eleven articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that aromatherapy reduced the average pain of catheter insertion in AVF compared to the control group (Standard Mean Difference: -1.60, 95% Confidence Interval: -2.32 to -0.87, Z=4.32, I2:90.3%, P<0.001). Also, aromatherapy massage reduced the average severity of RLS compared to the control group, which was statistically significant (Weighted Mean Difference: -13.21, 95% Confidence Interval: -17.50 to -8.91, Z=6.03, I2:93.0%, P<0.001). Also, the subgroup analysis showed that lavender in the intervention group significantly decreased the pain intensity compared to the "no intervention" group (P<0.001), yet it was not significant compared to the placebo group (P=0.12).
Conclusion: In summary, the findings indicate a notable reduction in catheter insertion pain in AVF and relief from RLS among HD patients through the use of lavender essential oil. As a result, future research is encouraged to include a comparison of lavender's effects with those of a placebo group
Municipal solid waste management during COVID-19 pandemic: effects and repercussions
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has an adverse effect on the environment. This epidemic�s effect on the waste composition and management and the impacts of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) on disease transmission or controlling are considered a compelling experience of living in the COVID-19 pandemic that can effectively control the process. This systematic review research was conducted to determine the effects of COVID-19 on the quantity of waste and MSWM. Searches were conducted in three databases (using keywords covid 19, coronaviruses, and waste), and among the published articles from 2019 to 2021, 56 ones were selected containing information on the quantity and waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that COVID-19 caused the quantity variation and composition change of MSW. COVID-19 also has significant effects on waste recycling, medical waste management, quantity, and littered waste composition. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed waste compounds� management activities and waste generation sources. Recognizing these issues can help plan MSWM more efficiently and reduce virus transmission risk through waste. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
