117,872 research outputs found
The Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Controls Natural Protective Mechanisms against Lipid Peroxidation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
No full textRecent evidence highlights the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) as critical neuroprotective factors in several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To gain new mechanistic insights into the role of these receptors in the context of ALS, here we investigated how PPAR transcriptional activity varies in hSOD1(G93A) ALS transgenic mice. We demonstrate that PPARγ-driven transcription selectively increases in the spinal cord of symptomatic hSOD1(G93A) mice. This phenomenon correlates with the up-regulation of target genes, such as lipoprotein lipase and glutathione S-transferase α-2, which are implicated in scavenging lipid peroxidation by-products. Such events are associated with enhanced PPARγ immunoreactivity within motor neuronal nuclei. This observation, and the fact that PPARγ displays increased responsiveness in cultured hSOD1(G93A) motor neurons, points to a role for this receptor in neutralizing deleterious lipoperoxidation derivatives within the motor cells. Consistently, in both motor neuron-like cultures and animal models, we report that PPARγ is activated by lipid peroxidation end products, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, whose levels are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord from ALS patients. We propose that the accumulation of critical concentrations of lipid peroxidation adducts during ALS progression leads to the activation of PPARγ in motor neurons. This in turn triggers self-protective mechanisms that involve the up-regulation of lipid detoxification enzymes, such as lipoprotein lipase and glutathione S-transferase α-2. Our findings indicate that anticipating natural protective reactions by pharmacologically modulating PPARγ transcriptional activity may attenuate neurodegeneration by limiting the damage induced by lipid peroxidation derivatives
RESEARCH ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS MAGGI NOODLES
No full textABSTRACT This study explores the customer satisfaction on Nestle Maggi noodles. Customer satisfaction refers to the satisfaction that customer display in searching for purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect, will satisfied their need. Customer are highly complex individual subject to a variety of psychological and sociological needs apart from their survival needs. Needs and priorities of different customer segments differ drastically. This study analysis the brand preference of Nestle Maggi noodles by customer. The study evaluates the quality of Nestle Maggi noodles availed by customer, the media influences in consummation, the effect of the pricing policy in customer satisfaction. This study attempts to measure customer satisfaction as well as contributing to the commercial efficiency by the way suggestion to improve its probability in long term business. Quick food style is catching up fast because of more number of working couples, domestic fuel crisis, non-availability of reliable domestic servant and breaking up of joint family system. Neither time nor patience to prepare the ingredients and wholesome food in the house itself, the high price of ingredients and ready mix are also a significant factor responsible for the spectacular increase in the demand for Maggi noodles product.Nestle was a global processed food manufacturer having its headquarters in Switzerland. The Indian Subsidiary Nestle India, began its operation in 1912 with the growing economic liberalization in India it tried to establish its business. Firstly, it was dealing in agriculture and dairy sector. In 1980 it launched brand Maggi in 80’s business environment, their priority was to position noodles as an Indian product. Therefore, they targeted the working women, Professionals living alone and children. They tried to communicate the positioning of brand Maggi as a tasty and healthy food, which was convenient to cook, consuming less time.The brand Maggi was targeted specifically according to various segmenting the east and south parts of India where rice was the major food item. They launched rice noodles to attract more customers in these areas. They added various segments such as dhal Atta, vegetable Atta and rice noodles. In traditional noodles it added variants like curry, masala, tomato, lemon masala and chilly chow as rice variants
EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations of the influence of isotope effects and anomalous transport coefficients on near scrape-off layer radial electric field
No full textEDGE2D-EIRENE (the 'code') simulations show that radial electric field, E r, in the near scrape-off layer (SOL) of tokamaks can have large variations leading to a strong local E B shear greatly exceeding that in the core region. This was pointed out in simulations of JET plasmas with varying divertor geometry, where the magnetic configuration with larger predicted near SOL E r was found to have lower H-mode power threshold, suggesting that turbulence suppression in the SOL by local E B shear can be a player in the L-H transition physics (Delabie et al 2015 42nd EPS Conf. on Plasma Physics (Lisbon, Portugal, 22-26 June 2015) paper O3.113 (http://ocs.ciemat.es/EPS2015PAP/pdf/O3.113.pdf), Chankin et al 2017 Nucl. Mater. Energy 12 273). Further code modeling of JET plasmas by changing hydrogen isotopes (H-D-T) showed that the magnitude of the near SOL E r is lower in H cases in which the H-mode threshold power is higher (Chankin et al 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 59 045012). From the experiment it is also known that hydrogen plasmas have poorer particle and energy confinement than deuterium plasmas, consistent with the code simulation results showing larger particle diffusion coefficients at the plasma edge, including SOL, in hydrogen plasmas (Maggi et al 2018 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 60 014045). All these experimental observations and code results support the hypothesis that the near SOL E B shear can have an impact on the plasma confinement. The present work analyzes neutral ionization patterns of JET plasmas with different hydrogen isotopes in L-mode cases with fixed input power and gas puffing rate, and its impact on target electron temperature, T e, and SOL E r. The possibility of a self-feeding mechanism for the increase in the SOL E r via the interplay between poloidal E B drift and target T e is discussed. It is also shown that reducing anomalous turbulent transport coefficients, particle diffusion and electron and ion heat conductivities, leads to higher peak target T e and larger E r, suggesting the possibility of a positive feedback loop, under an implicitly made assumption that the E B shear in the SOL is capable of suppressing turbulence
EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations of the influence of isotope effects and anomalous transport coefficients on near scrape-off layer radial electric field
No full textEDGE2D-EIRENE (the 'code') simulations show that radial electric field, Er, in the near scrape-off layer (SOL) of tokamaks can have large variations leading to a strong local E x B shear greatly exceeding that in the core region. This was pointed out in simulations of JET plasmas with varying divertor geometry, where the magnetic configuration with larger predicted near SOL E-r was found to have lower H-mode power threshold, suggesting that turbulence suppression in the SOL by local E. x. B shear can be a player in the L-H transition physics (Delabie et al 2015 42nd EPS Conf. on Plasma Physics (Lisbon, Portugal, 22-26 June 2015) paper O3.113 (http://ocs.ciemat.es/EPS2015PAP/pdf/O3.113.pdf), Chankin et al 2017 Nucl. Mater. Energy 12 273). Further code modeling of JET plasmas by changing hydrogen isotopes (H-D-T) showed that the magnitude of the near SOL E-r is lower in H cases in which the H-mode threshold power is higher (Chankin et al 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 59 045012). From the experiment it is also known that hydrogen plasmas have poorer particle and energy confinement than deuterium plasmas, consistent with the code simulation results showing larger particle diffusion coefficients at the plasma edge, including SOL, in hydrogen plasmas (Maggi et al 2018 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 60 014045). All these experimental observations and code results support the hypothesis that the near SOL E x B shear can have an impact on the plasma confinement. The present work analyzes neutral ionization patterns of JET plasmas with different hydrogen isotopes in L-mode cases with fixed input power and gas puffing rate, and its impact on target electron temperature, T-e, and SOL E-r. The possibility of a self-feeding mechanism for the increase in the SOL E-r via the interplay between poloidal E x B drift and target T-e is discussed. It is also shown that reducing anomalous turbulent transport coefficients, particle diffusion and electron and ion heat conductivities, leads to higher peak target T-e and larger E-r, suggesting the possibility of a positive feedback loop, under an implicitly made assumption that the E x B shear in the SOL is capable of suppressing turbulence
author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
Valorization of CBD-hemp through distillation to provide essential oil and improved cannabinoids profile
No full textHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) synthesizes and accumulates a number of secondary metabolites such as terpenes and cannabinoids. They are mostly deposited as resin into the glandular trichomes occurring on the leaves and, to a major extent, on the flower bracts. In the last few years, hemp for production of high‐value chemicals became a major commodity in the U.S. and across the world. The hypothesis was that hemp biomass valorization can be achieved through distillation and procurement of two high‐value products: the essential oil (EO) and cannabinoids. Furthermore,
the secondary hypothesis was that the distillation process will decarboxylate cannabinoids hence improving cannabinoid composition of extracted hemp biomass. Therefore, this study elucidated the effect of steam distillation on changes in the content and compositional profile of cannabinoids in the extracted biomass. Certified organic CBD‐hemp strains (chemovars, varieties) Red Bordeaux, Cherry Wine and Umpqua (flowers and some upper leaves) and a T&H strain that included chopped whole‐plant biomass, were subjected to steam distillation, and the EO and cannabinoids profile
were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and HPLC, respectively. The distillation of hemp resulted in apparent decarboxylation and conversion of cannabinoids in the distilled biomass. The study demonstrated a simple method for valorization of CBD‐hemp through the production of two high‐value chemicals, i.e. EO and cannabinoids with improved profile through the conversion of cannabidiolic acid (CBD‐A) into cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromenic acid (CBC‐A) into cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDV‐A) into cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabigerolic acid (CBG‐A) into cannabigerol (CBG), and δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THC‐A) into δ‐9‐ tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In addition, the distilled biomass contained CBN while the non‐distilled did not. Distillation improved the cannabinoids profile; e.g. the distilled hemp biomass had 3.4 times higher CBD in variety Red Bordeaux, 5.6 times in Cherry Wine, 9 times in variety Umpqua, and 6 times in T&H compared to the original non‐distilled samples, respectively. Most of the cannabinoids remained in the distilled biomass and small amounts of CBD were transferred to the EO. The CBD concentration in the EO was as follows: 5.3% in the EO of Umpqua, 0.15% in the EO of Cherry Wine and Red Bordeaux and 0.06% in the EO of T&H. The main 3 EO constituents were similar but in different ratio; myrcene (23.2%), (E)‐caryophyllene (16.7%) and selina‐3,7(11)‐diene (9.6%) in Cherry Wine; (E)‐caryophyllene (~ 20%), myrcene (16.6%), selina‐3,7(11)‐diene (9.6%), α‐humulene (8.0%) in Red Bordeaux; (E)‐caryophyllene (18.2%) guaiol (7.0%), 10‐epi‐γ‐eudesmol (6.9%) in Umpqua; and (E)‐caryophyllene (30.5%), α‐humulene (9.1%), and (E)‐α‐bisabolene (6.5%) in T&H. In addition, distillation reduced total THC in the distilled biomass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed that most of the glandular trichomes in the distilled biomass were not disturbed (remained intact); that suggest a possibility for terpenes evaporation through the epidermal membrane covering the glandular trichomes leaving the cannabinoids in the trichomes. This explained the fact that distillation resulted in terpene extraction while the cannabinoids remained in the distilled material
El halcón de Federico de Lope de Vega, una reinterpretación anticortés de Decamerón, V, 9
No full textEl artículo estudia algunos aspectos problemáticos de la comedia El halcón de Federico (inspirada en Decamerón, V, 9), que aquí se aborda teniendo en cuenta su colocación en las postrimerías de la primera etapa lopesca. En particular, se conjetura que Lope pudo revisitar el cuento boccacciano a través de un filtro celestinesco, desacralizando a sus personajes y símbolos en clave anticortés. En las notas finales se presentan algunas observaciones sobre el motivo del chivo expiatorio y la visión del poder por parte del Fénix
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