1,721,236 research outputs found
Politiche di bilancio e crescita economica
No full textLa struttura del lavoro è articolata su cinque capitoli. Nel primo si traccia l’evoluzione dell’economia italiana in generale, e della spesa pubblica più nello specifico, dalla fine della seconda guerra mondiale al primo decennio del XXI secolo. Oltre a fornire la cornice politico-istituzionale entro cui determinate scelte sono state compiute, l’intento è quello di mettere in luce come la tenuta dei conti pubblici italiani sia stata minata non già negli anni Ottanta, bensì sin dai Sessanta.
Nel secondo capitolo si cerca di fornire un quadro d’insieme delle teorie sulle determinanti della spesa pubblica, raggruppandole in filoni di pensiero omogenei al loro interno, alla luce della letteratura di public finance.
Il terzo capitolo presenta i risultati di stime empiriche sulla relazione tra spesa pubblica e reddito aggregato nell’UE-27 – facendo uso di analisi sia per serie storiche che per i dati panel –, oltre che un esame della relazione tra alcune voci di spesa disaggregata e il P.I.L.
Nel quarto capitolo viene fornita l’evidenza empirica sulla relazione tra crescita economica e dimensioni dell’operatore pubblico (Government size) nell’UE-27. Anche in questo caso si fa uso tanto di analisi time series quanto panel.
Segue un quinto capitolo dedicato all’analisi dei legami tra spese pubbliche ed entrate in Italia, dal 1861 al 1993. Infatti, pur essendo questo un tema ampiamente dibattuto in letteratura, non molti sono stati gli studi empirici a riguardo.
Nelle conclusioni di questo lavoro di ricerca si riflette sulle vie da percorrere allo scopo di ridurre la quota di spesa pubblica sul P.I.L., per operarne una ricomposizione interna e aumentarne l’efficienza, anche alla luce dei risultati econometrici ottenuti – con la cautela metodologica necessaria – e dell’evoluzione dei diversi capitoli di spesa nel tempo
La politica economica di Margaret Thatcher
No full textQuesto volume analizza le politiche, soprattutto in campo economico-finanziario, attuate dagli esecutivi britannici guidati da Margaret H. Thatcher nel corso degli anni Ottanta del XX secolo. Al fine di comprendere meglio le scelte governative e le reazioni degli agenti economici, viene offerto un inquadramento storico, politico e sociale del Regno Unito anche in chiave comparatistica.
Il volume costituisce, sia per gli addetti ai lavori che per il grande pubblico, un utile strumento di comprensione di un decennio di grandi cambiamenti e di una figura controversa sulla quale pochi sono stati i contributi scientifici, soprattutto in lingua italiana. L'analisi assume un interesse particolare in questi anni giacché l'affermarsi del paradigma del "conservatorismo liberale" - la cui validità viene messa in dubbio dalla crisi economica e finanziaria mondiale in atto - trova le sue radici proprio nel periodo che dagli studiosi è stato indicato come "il decennio della Thatcher e di Reagan"
Economic Growth, CO2 Emissions and Energy Use in the South Caucasus and Turkey: a PVAR analyses
No full text– The scope of the paper is to investigate the relationship among economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions
and energy use for the South Caucasus area and Turkey in the 1992-2013 years. We estimate a 3-variable Vector
AutoRegressions using a panel VAR technique. Empirical results show that the response of CO2 emissions to energy
use is negative and statistically significant in both the estimated coefficients and impulse responses. Moreover, the first
lag of CO2 (with a negative coefficient) is statistically significant in the real GDP equation. Instead, the energy use is
only positively affected by its own lags. The forecast errors in real per capita GDP are mainly due to uncertainty in
GDP itself and (marginally) in energy use emissions. The error variances in the carbon dioxide emissions are sensible
to disturbances in all three equations. While the errors in predicting the energy use are sensitive to disturbances in its
own equation. Thus, for the estimated sample, these results reinforced the VAR and IRFs analyses, suggesting that the
“neutrality hypothesis” holds
The impact of conflicts in the mining industry: A case study of a gold mining dispute in Greece
Full text linkThe Skouries gold mining dispute in Greece has been a significant contention for several years. This study explores how individuals, either supportive or critical of mining, have strategically positioned themselves in discourse to safeguard their influence and control over potential risks. These strategic actions have included visible measures, such as campaigns carried out by institutions and grassroots organizations, and plans that have been expressed but not yet implemented. These tactics have given rise to divergent perspectives within each group. Whenever the mining operation faced a potential threat, the miners would take charge of the tunnels to demonstrate their indispensable connection to their work and its importance within a broader context. On the other hand, local activists, in stark contrast to the miners who relied on the mining company, developed their skills and capabilities, showcasing their resilience in the face of adversity. Despite adhering to a post-Fordist work and labor conditions model, these activists have a strong attachment to their location but were compelled to consider relocating. The research illustrates how opposing parties collaboratively generate disputes over natural resources through their strategic use of language and communication
The impact of deep learning on environmental science
Full text linkDeep Learning (DL), a subset of Machine Learning (ML), has emerged as a powerful tool in environmental science, reshaping the landscape of data analysis and interpretation. This study focuses on the remarkable impact of DL on various aspects of environmental science, including remote sensing, climate modelling, biodiversity assessment, pollution monitoring, and environmental health
Nonprofit, Criminal Hubs and Rent Seeking. Evaluation of the Calabrian Experience
No full textThe study concerns rent seeking in the allocation of structural funds for cultural development in the Italian region of Calabria. By statistical analysis the study shows that the variables relating to major cultural sites had no robust significance. Rent seeking variables relating to non profits, criminal hubs and construction interests were statistically significant. This may explain both the fragmentation of the projects and the difference between allocations and payments relating to the allocation of the funds. On the other hand, the presence of major cultural sites is not significant in the allocation of funds to the criminal hubs, likely because this type of projects would be closely controlled by the public authorities in charge of the preservation and valorization of the cultural heritage. The anomalous discrepancy between allocation of funds and payments also may be explained as a rent seeking phenomenon. Finally, discrete choice analysis show that municipal with an academic institution have a 39.5% higher probability of receiving cultural funds; municipal with an airport or a seaport have a 33.9% higher probability to catch some financings; whereas a marginal change in museums is associated with a 19.8% in participation
Thatcherismo e austerità
No full textL’obiettivo del saggio è confrontare le politiche di austerità dei governi Thatcher e quelle di alcuni governi europei di oggi. Infatti, la situazione del Regno Unito alla fine degli anni Settanta è per molti aspetti simile a quella di molte economie europee attuali: crisi di produttività e crescita, peggioramento dei conti pubblici, scarsa fiducia nei policymakers. In questo saggio si cerca di dimostrare che l’austerità espansiva (ossia il taglio all’imposizione fiscale e alla spesa pubblica) abbia funzionato sia nel caso dei governi guidati da Margaret Thatcher sia per quei pochi paesi dell’Ue che l’hanno scelta quale via d’uscita dalla crisi.The objective of the paper is to compare austerity policies of the Thatcher’s governments and those of actual European governments. In fact, the situation of the United Kingdom at the end of the Seventies is, for many aspects, similar to what many European economies are experimenting: crisis of productivity and growth, deterioration of the public accounts, poor confidence in policymakers. In this study we aim to demonstrate that the expansive austerity (i.e. tax and public expenditure cuts) has worked both in the case of the governments led by Margaret Thatcher and for those few Eu countries that have chosen it as the strategy to overcome the crisis
The nexus between public expenditure and inflation in the Mediterranean countries
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to assess the empirical evidence of the nexus between public expenditure and inflation for the Mediterranean countries during the period 1970-2009, using a time-series approach. After a brief introduction, a concise survey of the economic literature on this issue is shown, before discussing the data and introducing some econometric techniques. Stationarity tests reveal, generally, that public expenditure/GDP ratio is a I(1) process, while prices index is a I(2) process. Moreover, we find a long-run relationship between the growth of public expenditure and inflation only for Portugal. Furthermore, Granger causality tests results show a short-run evidence of a directional flow from expenditure to inflation for Cyprus, Malta and Spain; of a bidirectional flow for Italy; and from inflation to public expenditure for France. Some notes on the policy implications of our empirical results conclude the paper
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